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The Tang Dynasty had two of the greatest poets, one was li bai the "poetic immortal" and the other was the "poetic saint" Du Fu. Li Bai is a "poetry immortal", a genius that is unattainable and difficult for ordinary people to reach. One of his mouths is "I am born to be useful, and the thousands of gold are scattered and returned", one mouth is "Dapeng rises with the same wind in one day, and rises up to ninety thousand miles", and one mouth is "Ascending to the heights of the magnificent heavens and the earth, the great rivers are vast and will not be returned." The yellow clouds are moving in the wind, and the white waves are nine streams of snow mountains."
Li Bai's poetry has two most important characteristics, the first is bold and ethereal, and the second is fresh and natural. If you use Li Bai's own poems, it is "Xingyu pen shakes the five mountains, and the poem becomes a laughing and proud Cangzhou.". If we use Du Fu's poem praising Li Bai to describe it, it is "the pen falls in a storm, and the poem becomes a weeping ghost god." For example, the poems that embody Li Baihao's exuberance and elegance include "Shu Dao Difficulty": "The Difficulty of Shu Dao, It Is Difficult to Go to qingtian"; there is "Will Enter the Wine": "The king is not seen, the water of the Yellow River rises from the sky, and it flows to the sea and never returns." Jun is gone, Gao Tang Mingjing sad white hair, towards the green silk twilight into snow." In fact, the flamboyant and flowing style is related to the imagery that Li Bai likes to use, Li Bai has an image group, in this image group, he likes tall, magnificent, flowing, flying scenery, likes to write about mountains, waterfalls, horses, roc, eagles, etc., these images themselves are very imposing, plus the exaggerated description is even more imposing.
Another aspect is freshness and nature. Li Bai's freshness and nature are called, in his own words, "clear water out of the hibiscus, natural to carve ornaments." Take "Gift Wang Lun" as an example, Wang Lun is a native of Jing County, Anhui Province, he especially admired Li Bai, he said that if Li Bai could come to their village to play, he knew that Li Bai liked the beauty of nature, liked to write fine wine, drink fine wine, so he wrote a letter to Li Bai and said: "You come to our village, our village is good, we have ten thousand hotels in our village, there are ten miles of peach blossoms." "Li Bai went to see, this is a small village, where there are ten thousand hotels! Just ask Wang Lun: Where is the Wanjia Hotel? Wang Lun smiled and said to Li Bai, you come to see, the wine flag that pointed out to Li Bai to see a hotel had "Ten Thousand Hotels" written on it. It turned out that the owner of the hotel was surnamed Wan, and the hotel he opened was not a hotel. Li Bai asked again: Where are the peach blossoms in the ten miles? He pointed out to Li Bai a peach blossom pond outside. In the end, the two talked very happily, and when Li Bai left, he wrote a poem "Gift to Wang Lun", which was fresh and natural, and blurted out: "Li Bai will want to go on a boat, and overhear the song on the shore." The peach blossom pond is thousands of feet deep, and it is not as deep as Wang Lun sent me affection. There are two good things in this poem: First, the word "less than" is very good, if we change "less than" to "peach blossom pond water thousands of feet deep, just like Wang Lun sent me love", the feelings become limited, and this is the end. And "not as good as Wang Lun sent me affection" expresses how deep you imagine the depth of the bottom, and the feelings are unlimited, which is the first good. Second, the imagery of peach blossom pond is well chosen, peach blossom pond is warm, warm and clear, used as a metaphor for friendship, which can be described as a combination of pearls and complement each other. I think the brilliance and greatness of a poet is that he captures the best things in life in time and writes them into his own poems. If we don't say Peach Blossom Pond, but Say Black Dragon Pond, it is exactly the same in the cognitive sense, but from the aspect of emotional color, it is like cloud mud.
Another great poet in the history of the Tang Dynasty is Du Fu, who is called "Shi Sheng", so where is his "sheng"? He is "holy" in the sense that he can think of his own misfortune, the misfortune of the people under the world, and the misfortune of others, and thus forget his own misfortune, and this is his greatness. There are thousands of Chinese poets, but he can be called a "poetic saint".
Let's talk about two more poems. There was also a poet in the Tang Dynasty called Meng Haoran, Meng Haoran was a very great poet, he wanted to climb up all his life, but he never climbed up all his life, but the more he couldn't climb up, the more he wanted to climb up. So when he arrived at Dongting Lake, he wrote a poem to Zhang Cheng Xiang, hoping that Zhang Cheng Xiang could promote himself, this poem is called "Dongting Lake Gift Zhang Cheng Xiang", which is a five-word poem. He wrote: "The level of August Lake is too clear. Then it was: "Steam Cloud Mengze, wave shake Yueyang City." These two sentences are very good, and they are famous sentences for writing Dongting Lake. There is no longer a scene to write under the poem, it is necessary to "turn", so Meng Haoran went on to say: "I want to help without a boat", which means that I want to cross the river, but there is no boat, no oar. This was followed by the "Shame on the Saint", and in this wonderful era, I felt ashamed of my inaction. Finally, he said: "Sit and watch the anglers, envy the fish", I am here to watch the fisherman catch a fish for a while, I can only secretly envy, because I do not have an official and a half-job. This poem is written in four aspects: up, down, turning, and closing, which is orderly and very good, especially the two famous sentences of "Steaming Cloud Mengze, Waves Shake Yueyang City" that write Dongting Lake.
I think Meng Haoran is a "famous master", because as long as a person has great talent, big strokes, and great intelligence, he can become a "famous master", but he is not "everyone", Du Fu is "everyone". Du Fu has a poem called "Dengyue Yang Lou", which is also written about Dongting Lake, the same five-word law poem, the same up, down, turning, and closing, he wrote: "In the past, I heard about Dongting Lake, now I go to Yueyang Lou", I have long heard of Dongting Lake, and today I finally climbed Yueyang Lou; "Wu Chu Southeast Lu", Wu Di and Chu Di on the southeast side, because the vast Dongting Lake is separated. "Qiankun floats day and night", "dry" is the sun, "Kun" is the moon, the sun is reflected in Dongting Lake during the day, and the moon is reflected in Dongting Lake at night. These two poems are more extensive than "Steaming Clouds Dream Ze, Waves Shake Yueyang City", and are also famous links for writing Dongting Lake. I heard that there are two pairs of famous couplets hanging in the Yueyang Tower, on the right is "Wuchu Southeast Block, Qiankun Day and Night Floating", and on the left is "Steam Cloud Mengze, Wave Shakes Yueyang City". Chinese to the right, after Du Fu finished writing, he said from his misfortune that "relatives and friends have not a word", and relatives and friends did not have a letter. "Old and sick have a lonely boat", Du Fu is old and sick on the broken ship, from his own misfortune, he thinks of the misfortune of the world, and thinks of the misfortune of the country. He said that "Rong Ma Guan Shan Bei" looked at the distance and was extremely confused, and the motherland lived in the depths of the water. "Relying on Xuan Xuan's snot and si liu", leaning on Yue Yang Loutou, tears and snot flowing together, for whom? Flow for the suffering nation, for the unfortunate people. That's why I say that Du Fu is "everyone", because in addition to the great talent, big strokes, and great wisdom of "famous masters", "everyone" must also have a big mind and great courage. The so-called big mind is to think less about yourself and more about others. But it's easy to say, but it's hard to do.
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Professor and doctoral supervisor of the Department of Chinese of Peking University, academic member of the Faculty of Social Sciences of Peking University, vice president of the Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies of Peking University, vice president of the Journal of Chinese, chinese and social sciences, member of the Academic Committee of the Institute of Chinese Studies of Peking University, and member of the editorial board of Sinology Research. His research interests include: ancient Chinese literature, especially Tang and Song poetry. The books he has edited include "Dictionary of Love And Sentences in Poetry of Past Dynasties", "Dictionary of Literature Encyclopedia", "400 Commonly Used Sayings in Chinese and Chinese", "Hundred Fishing Songs", etc.; translations include "Tang and Song Dynasty Words Research", "Japanese Filler Words History", etc.; monographs include "Tang Poetry and Song Poetry".
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