Li Bai has greedy thoughts, not only wants to enter the world to make meritorious contributions, but also wants to go out of the world to seek immortality, "fish and bear paws" want to have both, the road is doomed to be difficult to walk, no wonder he compared his road to Shu Dao, sighing to himself: "The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the qingtian." And wanting to make meritorious contributions first and then retire has become an obsession in his heart, even after resigning from Chang'an and experiencing the second roaming in 11 years, this obsession is still difficult to put down; when the "Anshi Chaos" broke out, his obsession with "turning the crisis and serving the country and then retiring after achieving success" was even deeper. He said in the poem "Xie An Dun, Northwest of Dengjin LingYecheng": "Gongcheng whisks away his clothes and belongs to Wulingyuan" (武陵源)." However, it was this obsession that caused him to suffer a catastrophe that almost never recovered.
01 An Lushan rebelled, was invited to be an aide to the Yong King, and mistakenly got on the "thief" ship and was convicted
In 755, An Lushan rebelled at Fanyang. Li Baituomen went to Luzhong to pick up his children and go south; he himself went to Songcheng to pick up his wife Zong Shi and go north. On the way to escape, Li Bai witnessed the tragic situation of the people suffering from war and chaos, and was full of worries about the future. He said in the poem "Going North": "There is no return to the front, and we are thinking about our hometown." In the tragic ice and snow, the sadness is absolutely middle-bowel. The ruler cloth is not covered, and the skin is severely withered. Draw water streams and valleys, and collect salaries longsaka. The tiger lost its tail again, grinding its teeth and frosting. The grass and trees are not eaten, and the hunger and drinking are zero dew pulp. Sighing this northward pain, stopping to be hurt. When will Wang Daoping, open his face and see the light of the sky? ”
The rebel army was like a broken bamboo, like the autumn wind sweeping away the leaves, and the lands of Hebei fell to the ground. Seeing that the country was in trouble, but there was no way to serve the country, Li Bai was deeply distressed and fell into a deep confusion. He said in the "Five Songs in the Road of Death": "Where the heart falls, the day is not in the great jiangxi." Horses and spring grass, want to travel far away fans. ”
With this confusion and pain, he entered Lushan Mountain and lived in seclusion on the screen stack. He said in the poem "Judge of the King, Shi Yu Returns to Hermitage, Julu Mountain Screen Stack": "Jingmen fell to the Song Dynasty, and Liang Yuan poured zou pieces." Smiling bitterly at my boastfulness, Zhiyin An zai? The great thief cuts the chasm, like the wind sweeping the autumn leaves. I am not a jidai person, and the hidden screen is stacked. Judging from the poem, he is obviously not willing to go into hiding, and he has no choice but to kill the thief and is powerless to return to heaven, so he has to lament that his own nostalgia has not met.
It was in this complicated state of mind that when Li Xuan, the Yong King, who called for quelling the chaos, sent people to Lushan several times to invite him out of the mountain, he accepted the invitation to become an aide to the Yong King. At first, he was excited, thinking that he had finally met his own "Bole" and was ready to "strive for his intelligence and be willing to be a helper". He was full of ambition, and said in the "Song of the Yongwang East Tour": "Try to borrow the king's jade horse whip, and point out that the Emperor Rong yu sat in the Qiong Feast." The south wind swept away the dust and quiet, and entered Chang'an to the sun in the west. ”
Unfortunately, the harsh facts shattered Li's real fantasies during the day. Li Xuan harbored secret ambitions, not really to quell the chaos, but just wanted to take the opportunity to cultivate and strengthen his own power, and then compete with his brother Li Heng (Tang Suzong) for the throne. When Li Xuan was condemned as an "anti-thief" and was condemned, Li Bai, who mistakenly boarded the "thief ship", seemed to have done nothing, and was convicted and sent to Xunyang Prison.
02 Zeng Yi saved Guo Ziyi, and Guo Ziyi repaid grace to help atone for his sins
After Li Bai was imprisoned in Xunyang, his wife Zong Shi ran around to save him; he himself also asked for help through letters, mainly to Song Ruosi, the chancellor of the imperial history, and Cui Zhuo, the chancellor of the dynasty. He said in the "Shang cui xiang prozac": "Lifting wine too much, weeping blood and drinking cups." The stars are long again, and the Skynet is restored. Kwafishn, discard flaws and take materials. The chief is not guilty, and the father has no guess. Raspberries should be lifted and should be illuminated with cold ash. ”
Later, although Li Bai was released from prison, he could not escape the guilt because he participated in the Yongwang Eastern Tour. Under normal circumstances, it is absolutely difficult to survive the crime of conspiracy against him, but fortunately, Li Bai saved a person in his early years, and this person was willing to atone for Li Bai's sins in order to repay the favor, so that Li Bai was spared the death penalty. This person is Guo Ziyi, a hero who has repeatedly built up qigong to suppress chaos. Guo Ziyi was a big figure at that time who was "the power of the world and the dynasty is not jealous, and the hero is not doubtful", and it is no wonder that Li Bai was able to escape this death.
The reason why Li Bai saved Guo Ziyi that year was because he had a wise eye and knew the hero.
In 735, Li Bai traveled to Hezhou (Taiyuan, Shanxi), and when he first saw Guo Ziyi in a military camp, he saw at a glance that Guo Ziyi was extraordinary, saying: "This hero's eyes are like fire shining on people, and he should be a champion of the festival for less than ten years. At that time, Guo Ziyi was able to get away with the crime because he committed an incident in the army, and only after Li Bai interceded was he exonerated.
Li Baiyi's act of saving Guo Ziyi changed Guo Ziyi's fate; and because of this good relationship, it also changed Li Bai's fate. It seems that everything has a cause and effect, and it is not false that good deeds have good results.
This legendary history, the New Book of Tang records: "In the beginning, Bai you and zhou, see Guo Ziyi, Qizhi." Ziyi tried to break the law, and Bai was saved. To Ziyi please dismiss the official to redeem..."
03 Exiled Night Lang, living and suffering in the barbarian land
Li Bai was able to save a life, all because Guo Ziyi came forward to rescue him. However, the death penalty was spared, and the living crime could not be escaped, and he was still sentenced to long-term exile of Night Lang.
Yelang, formerly known as the Ancient Yelang Kingdom, was originally the largest country in southwest Yizhong, and was destroyed during the Han Dynasty. Li Bai was exiled to such a remote barbarian land, if there were no accidents, I am afraid that it would be difficult to return home in this life. This punishment, for whomever it may be, may be an unbearable burden in life.
Li Bai said in "Nanliu Yelang Sent Inside": "Yelang tianwai complains and leaves his home, and the information in the Mingyue Building is sparse. The northern geese are exhausted in spring, and the yuzhang book cannot be written in the south. ”
This was the letter he had written to his wife during his exile, and looking at the tone, it was a bit of a last word. In ancient times, exile life was extremely bitter, lack of clothing, lack of food, starvation is a common thing, death on the way is also very common, no wonder Li Bai in the poems to show such pessimism.
However, Li Bai, who is free by nature, always has optimistic expectations for the future. This hope is that the vast imperial grace of the amnesty world will come soon and be pardoned and return home as soon as possible. He once said in the "Flowing Night Lang Title Aoi Leaf": "Shame Jun can defend his feet, sigh I move far away from the roots." During the day, it is like a divided photo, and it is also returned to the old garden. And in the poem "Liu Ye Lang Gives Xin Judge", he even more bluntly revealed his own expectations: "I am worried about who is far away from the Night Lang, when will the Golden Rooster be pardoned?" ”
Of course, for these things, Li Bai does not seem to force them, but holds an attitude of happy destiny. He said in the poem "Liu Ye Lang Yonghua Temple Sending Yang Qunguan": "The destiny of heaven is hanging, and Andrew thinks bitterly." ”
In March 759, Li Bai finally waited for his long-awaited imperial favor and was pardoned and released. At that time, he happened to be in the White Emperor City. He was exiled for three years and pardoned. Li Bai's mood can be imagined, just like his poem: "Go to the country to worry about the night lang, and throw yourself into the valley of the wilderness." Halfway through the snow, as wide as a bird out of a cage. With this feeling like a bird out of a cage, he wrote the widely circulated poem "Chaofa White Emperor City" -
Between the clouds of the White Emperor,
A thousand miles of Gangneung one day back.
The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying,
The light boat has passed through the Ten Thousand Heavy Mountains.
This poem, on the surface, seems to express Li Bai's happy mood of returning to his heart like an arrow after being pardoned, but if you carefully consider it, you find that there is another Zen machine hidden in his poem.
Li Bai was a poet and a monk. Perhaps in the eyes of cultivators, the human world is a sea of suffering, and one's own body is a boat crossing the sea of suffering, and only by not being disturbed by the worldly "ape sound", passing through the test of layers like a "ten thousand heavy mountains", and letting go of all attachments, can the Daoist heart be sublimated, and the body is like a light boat, and the courage and perseverance can be made.
Li Bai once visited Huishan Temple during the Anshi Rebellion and wrote a poem: "Flowers will not be stained, and water and heart will be idle." Sit down and look at the sky and the earth. "Perhaps, after the baptism of calamity, Li Bai will finally wash away the lead and return to his authenticity." The apes on both sides of the strait could not stop crying, and the light boat had already passed through the ten thousand heavy mountains." This is likely to be Li Bai's deep expression of his own cultivation perception and understanding of life.
Li Bai's "see through the red dust" journey after his resignation: lasted 11 years, indulged in love, and loved the immortal road
Li Bai befriended Chang'an, and the fate was like a dream: he did not want to be Tang Xuanzong's favorite, despised the magnates and let Gao Lishi take off his boots, and superficially praised Yang Guifei and actually secretly said that she was "red face and disaster water"
Li Bai seeing Du Fu, just like Confucius seeing Lao Tzu, is a fortunate event and a great event in history