Throughout the long river of history, heroes and talents have emerged, in that era when the smoke of war was everywhere, some people threw themselves into the battlefield to serve the country, some people guided us to the right path, some people focused on the construction and development of the country, and some people were only willing to be a grassroots person and silently dedicate...
On the road to realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, there are also many revolutionary pioneers in the women's circles, in the early 1920s, in an ancient town of Dongxiang in Zhijiang, Hunan Province, there was such a woman, who was invited by the central government to serve three times, but she refused three times.
Who is this lesbian? What outstanding contributions does she have that can be treated like this by the central authorities? What's the story behind this? Let's explore it together.
(Comrade Wang Yizhi)
Wang Yizhi's early life
Wang Yizhi, formerly known as Yang Daicheng, was born in 1901 in a feudal family in Hunan. Mention this name, it is estimated that many people have not heard of it, and there is no interest in understanding. Perhaps she is not well known to the public, nor is she a high-ranking official, but her contribution to the country cannot be ignored.
It is said that it is also a bitter fate, Yang family members of the Xiang mendi, in the early years of the father also went abroad to receive higher education, but also served as the head of the State Council, after resigning from the official and then became a teacher, but the family is still full of feudal etiquette ideas. Her mother, Tan, married into the Yang family at the age of 20, and because she broke a porcelain bottle, her mother-in-law was dissatisfied, and she was severely beaten by her husband.
Until the death of the mother-in-law, under the persuasion of others, the mother gave birth to Wang Yizhi at the age of 36, the father saw that she was a girl, unable to inherit the incense, and asked for a concubine, and was extremely cold to Wang Yizhi and her mother, when she was 14 years old, her mother died at the age of 50.
(Wang Yizhi)
Witnessing all this, Wang Yizhi was full of sorrow and indignation, influenced by the new wave of thought, she wanted to break through the cage of feudal thought, so she resolutely left her father and was admitted to the normal school, where she studied for 5 years, her father did not give her a penny, relying on thrift and the help of her classmates, she successfully graduated with excellent results.
After graduation, she sold some money with the old things stored in the neighbor's mother's house, and wanted to continue to apply for the female normal university, but was discovered by her father, decided to let her marry, and Wang Yizhi, who was hiding, wanted to take a boat with her classmates to study, who knew that she was robbed of her belongings by bandits, fortunately, she was afraid of being found by her father and did not get on the boat, otherwise even people were abducted.
The dream of applying for the female teacher's university was shattered, but with the help of her classmates, she became a primary school teacher, taught for half a year, learned from her friend Wang Jianhong that There was a good opportunity to study in Shanghai, and in 1922, the two successfully entered this school.
At that time, the civilian girls' school was a party group activity organ opened by the Communist Party of China to "advocate civilian education" for the people, with Li Da as the principal, and Chen Duxiu, Chen Wangdao, and Shen Yanbing gave lectures to them.
In 1922, Comrade Liu Shaoqi returned from the Soviet Union and often came to the school, and when his classmates asked him questions, he wrote them down one by one and answered them patiently.
After that, he joined the Marxist-Leninist Research Society, joined the Communist Party through the introduction of Comrade Shaoqi, and in the winter of 1922, he moved to Beijing with the Party Central Committee and the Central Committee of the League, and arranged for him to live in Li Dazhao's home for a month.
During this period, every speech of Li Dazhao broadened her horizons and made her deeply aware of the importance of women's movement, as Li Dazhao said:
Women should not only fight for women's rights, but also for human rights and the right to work, and should combine the women's movement with the workers' movement to guide more female students to care about political struggles.
Wang Yizhi's revolutionary marriage
She firmly took Li Dazhao's words to heart and secretly decided that she must do a good job in the party's work. In the second half of 1923, Wang Yizhi entered Shanghai University under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, where she studied while doing ideological work for female students and also working in women's associations.
Coincidentally, she met Zhang Tailei, who was a teacher here, and was still living an organizational life in the same group, and Wang Yizhi knew Zhang Tailei before, and she was very fond of him, and she also got his help.
It was when she was still studying at a civilian school, and although she was working and studying half-time, the female classmates were still worried about not paying enough tuition, and one day they received a bag on the floor of the dormitory, which also contained a set of clothes and a note attached to it, saying: You should take this dress for it.
Wang Yizhi knew that this was one of the two suits that Zhang Tailei bought on the stall when he attended the Third International Congress of the Soviet Union, which made the students feel the sincere friendship between the revolutions, and she also had admiration for Zhang Tailei.
(Wang Yizhi with her and Zhang Tailei's son)
Subsequently, the two often met to discuss problems together, and gradually developed a sense of admiration. Soon after, however, Zhang Tailei accompanied the delegation to the Soviet Union to investigate military, political, and party affairs, and participated in several international congresses, and both of them severed ties for more than a year.
After returning at the end of 1924, the two exchanged more frequently, and in 1925, Zhang Tailei was elected as the secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, busy with work, and Wang Yizhi silently cared for him and helped him share the burden.
In the same year, comrade Zhang Tailei went to Guangzhou to appoint the assistant of Borodin, the Soviet adviser of the National Government, and she also went together, and the two lived together, both revolutionary comrades-in-arms and husband and wife, and the two encouraged each other and made progress together.
Zhang Tailei often encouraged her:
The barrel of the pen and the tongue are the weapons of our revolutionary struggle, and it is wrong not to write or talk about it, and it must be used continuously.
With his encouragement, Wang Yizhi had the audacity to speak at the mass meeting.
Later, she also served as the director of the Propaganda Department of the Guangzhou Women's Association led by Deng Yingchao, and she, Together with Deng Yingchao, Cai Chang and other comrades, published articles in the "Guangming" weekly magazine to publicize the revolution and encourage women to join the revolutionary movement.
(Comrade Deng Yingchao)
In 1927, the "April 12 Incident" occurred in Shanghai, and the "Ma-Ri Incident" also occurred in Changsha, Zhang Tailei was transferred out of office because of the need for work, and on July 15, Wang Jingwei openly opposed communism, and the Great Revolution failed. At this time, Wang Yizhi was in labor, and Zhang Tailei asked Wang Yizhi to try to go to Shanghai to give birth.
The next day after giving birth, Zhang Tailei suddenly returned home, Wang Yizhi was very happy, carefully cared for 20 days, one morning, Zhang Tailei hurriedly parted, Wang Yizhi did not expect that this was a farewell, Zhang Tailei was ambushed by the enemy on the way to command the battle during the Guangzhou uprising, unfortunately died, he was only 29 years old at the time.
The "Red Agent" in the Revolutionary Battle
After her husband's sacrifice, Wang Yizhi was greatly hit, the Party Central Committee paid cordial care and attention to her, and Leaders such as Zhai Qiubai, Zhou Enlai, and Liu Shaoqi often came to visit her, which made Wang Yizhi more firm in his belief in the revolution, so he turned grief into strength and insisted on fighting underground in the White Zone for ten years.
Wang Yizhi's efforts for the revolutionary cause made everyone have to respect this female comrade in awe, calling her a "female agent" and not lifting her up, because she really contributed her strength to the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan...
In 1919, after the outbreak of the "May Fourth Movement", she and more than a dozen female classmates cut and invented the national salvation group, so she also became the student leader in the movement, actively responding to all patriotic movements. In 1925, when the May Thirtieth Movement took place, she was sent by Chen Duxiu to engage in the workers' movement and participated in the Japanese shooting of Gu Zhenghong's corpse.
(May Thirtieth Movement)
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1937, Wang Yizhi returned to his hometown to open a bookstore, open up anti-Japanese work in the rear, and spread the knowledge of the War of Resistance and new culture.
In 1938, after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Wang Yizhi was ordered by Zhou Enlai to pretend to be a woman and was responsible for covering the three secret radio stations set up in Shanghai- Li Baitai, Yang Jianshengtai and Zheng Zhizhongtai, and regularly transmitting news to the party in Yan'an to ensure that the party could keep abreast of the enemy's movements and make the next countermeasures.
In September 1942, Li Baitai was exposed, and the person in charge Li Bai was also arrested, Wang Yizhi disregarded his personal safety, protected the confidential requirements, promptly transferred two other radio stations, and made a property aftermath, so that the party reduced losses, and then cleverly rescued Li Bai.
This work was rumored to be a good story, and Wang Yizhi's wisdom and wisdom were also known to many people, including some leaders, including Mao Zedong, but she was still very low-key and did not take credit for herself, under the white terror of the Kuomintang, Wang Yizhi still insisted on the party's work, moved to Chongqing, and continued to pass on intelligence for the organization.
I don't know if you have seen the old movie "The Eternal Wave", the heroine in the play, that is, the underground female traffic officer, her prototype is Wang Yizhi.
(Filmography)
Rejecting the central government's post three times, she said: Willing to dedicate herself to the cause of education!
At the end of August 1945, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai arrived in Chongqing and negotiated with the Kuomintang for more than a month, finally reaching the "Double Tenth Agreement".
Mao Zedong proposed to see Wang Yizhi, which shows that she also has a certain weight in the party, and Wang Yizhi and others have been very much looking forward to it from the moment they heard that Chairman Mao had come, and Chairman Mao, whom she longed for, was close at hand and wanted to meet with him.
On this night, a car brought Gong Yibing, Wang Yizhi and his daughter to Hongyan, Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai personally received them and their entourage, Wang Yizhi hoped that Mao Zedong could let her go to Yan'an to exercise and reform, and Chairman Mao let her work in the White District with a caring tone.
When Zhou Enlai received Wang Yizhi, he praised her outstanding performance in the Shanghai radio station and hoped that she could continue to do a good job in underground work, so Wang Yizhi continued to stay in the white area and conscientiously do the party's underground work. In 1948, Wang Yizhi went to Hong Kong to continue his work according to the instructions of the party.
(Affectionately Mao Zedong)
In 1949, she heeded the party's call to Xibaipo, Hebei Province, and was once again received by the leaders of the Party Central Committee, and Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Zhu De all trusted her ability very much, hoping that she could take up the burden of women's work, and said to her:
"After liberation, a job suitable for one's position may be selected in the Republic".
She politely refused, saying that she wanted to work in education and stay with the children. In 1953, the Central Committee again invited Wang Yizhi, hoping that she could hold an important position in the Central Ministry of Education, but she still expressed her willingness to continue to walk into the masses at the grassroots level and dedicate herself to education work.
In 1977, the Party Central Committee issued a third invitation to Comrade Wang Yizhi to work in the central ministries and commissions, and it was not surprising that she still resolutely refused and insisted on taking root in the cause of education:
I want to leave time for the kids, and I love spending time with them.
Our first headmistress!
Wang Yizhi did not want to be a high-ranking official, but only wanted to be an ordinary gardener, and this was the time of his life. After the liberation of Shanghai, she was ordered to serve as the principal of Wusong Middle School. At that time, the school was devastated by the war and was completely unrecognizable.
However, she was not discouraged, and led all the teachers and students to start reorganizing the campus with high morale, and under the continuous efforts of everyone day and night, the overgrown and broken walls of Wusong Middle School gradually recovered its appearance.
However, at that time, the liberation had just been made, and the Kuomintang was destroying everywhere, often destroying the order of the school, and the disturbed students could not go to class with peace of mind. Wang Yizhi led everyone into the struggle to protect the school, and she often preached patriotism to teachers and students, allowing Wusong Middle School to survive this difficult time.
(Early Wusong Middle School)
While resisting the enemy, she also carried out a series of renovations to the school, adding teaching offices, improving the organization of the party group, and also establishing teachers' unions and student unions.
Soon she was transferred away for work reasons, but no one forgot The contribution made by Principal Wang to Wusong Middle School. In 1950, she became the principal of North China Middle School, a senior cadre's son. The State has set her salary at administrative level 8 and enjoys ministerial treatment, which she has repeatedly asked to be downgraded to administrative level 12.
In 1952, North China Middle School was merged with the Second Department of Beijing Normal University Affiliated Middle School, and she served as the vice principal, and in 1953, this school for the children of cadres was changed to Beijing Normal University Affiliated Middle School, and she still served as the principal.
In May, when Zhou Enlai visited the school, he pointed out that the children of high-ranking cadres should not be "the children of the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty" but should mingle with the children of workers, so in 1955, it was changed to a normal middle school and assigned to the leadership of the Beijing Municipal Education Bureau.
(101 Secondary School)
Some teachers and school leaders could not figure it out, and Wang Yizhi, in order to motivate everyone, after careful consideration, proposed to the Beijing Education Bureau that the school could be renamed "101 Middle School", she said:
"If there have been achievements in the past, then it is expressed by 'one00', 'one' is a new starting point, let's start from the beginning."
This proposal was not only approved by the Education Bureau, but also endorsed by Premier Zhou Enlai, and gave a high degree of affirmation. She comprehensively implemented the party's education policy, trained students to love labor, respect teachers, and study hard, and she told the students that the responsibility on their shoulders must be better than that of the revolutionary martyrs of their father's generation.
In 1964, she wrote to Liu Shaoqi, asking for a trial of part-time work and half-study in a full-time key middle school, and decided that teachers could organize their own textbooks. After Liu Shaoqi's instructions, she took the lead in the trial implementation in the full-time middle school, and when the funds were insufficient, she took out her savings to set up a school-run factory, purchase equipment, and organize teachers and students to participate in labor.
Wang Yizhi has tried education reform many times, not only adhering to the reform of teaching materials in connection with practice, but also paying attention to cultivating teachers, and within a few years, he has improved the teaching quality of the school to the first-class level in Beijing, and at the same time has also sent a large number of outstanding teachers to the brother schools.
(Principal Wang Yizhi)
However, during the Cultural Revolution, she was branded as "Liu Shaoqi's agent of the revisionist line of the school", and Wang Yizhi suffered grievances and was tortured until she was rehabilitated in 1977, when she was able to resume her position as principal.
After 30 years of perseverance, she has dedicated her life's enthusiasm to education!
In the 30 years that Wang Yizhi has been the principal, she has led by example everywhere, set strict demands on herself, and several times in the organization, she has thought of arranging better housing conditions for them, but she insists on eating and living with teachers and students, not engaging in special, all of which reflect Principal Wang's selfless dedication spirit of not seeking returns.
During these years, Wang Yizhi served as a member of the Fourth and Fifth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and a vice chairman of the Beijing Haidian District CPPCC Committee. In 1979, he was also awarded the title of "March 8th Red Flag Bearer" by the Beijing Women's Federation.
Until her retirement in 1981, she cultivated a large number of outstanding materials for the motherland, although the official is 8 levels, the salary has always been the salary of the administrative level 12, she strives to explore education, improve the quality of education, peach and plum all over the world, Li Tieying, Wu Shaozu, Shi Guangnan... And so on are her former students.
After leaving retirement, Wang Yizhi missed her husband Zhang Tailei very much, remembering the beautiful short years, she had searched for the traces of her husband and created "Remembering Tailei", in addition to this, in her early years, she wrote "Women's Liberation and Labor Liberation" and "Unprecedented Women's Great Movement" and other works, and in her later years, she created "Remembering Li Dazhao's Two and Three Events" and "Unforgettable Remembrance - Remembering Li Bai" and other works, and spent her life paying for the development of the revolutionary cause...
On December 17, 1991, in the spiritual hall of the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Women's Federation, Nie Rongzhen, Kang Keqing... He expressed his deep condolences to the principal Wang Yizhi, who was called an "educator", who gloriously completed her life at the age of 90.
Spiritual halls, grievances, wreaths... It is all an affirmation of her life, and she interprets the purpose of serving the people with practical actions.
(Late Wang Yizhi)
Li Tieying, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, director of the State Education Commission, and a 1955 graduate of 101 Middle School, wrote an affectionate speech for Wang Yizhi's death: "... 30 years of hard work, hard work in school, and finally peach and plum fragrance... Wang Yizhi Principal, thanks to it..."
Black pressure stood on the auditorium full of people, the crowd could see some old people with white sideburns, as well as some public officials, teachers, workers, etc., some of whom had been Principal Wang's students, teachers and friends, and when they were parting, they were still with Wang Yizhi, paying the highest respect, but also with endless nostalgia...
After learning about Wang Yizhi's deeds, I can't help but revere, from ancient times to the present, we may have heard many heroic sacrifices and were shocked and moved by them, but I believe that in addition to those stories that we are familiar with, there are also some people who silently dedicate themselves like Principal Wang.
Their dedication may not be known, there is no shock of blood and tears and death, but they still lay the cornerstone on the road of China's development, and the value they have created has been brought to everyone, perhaps insignificant, but it is worthy of our high respect...