With the arrival of 2022, the global automotive industry has also entered a new era. Compared with the popularity of the global carbon reduction movement, the traditional internal combustion locomotive is gradually stepping off the stage of history, replaced by a new energy model with electronic intelligence. Looking back on 2021, it can be said that it is a year of vitality for new energy vehicle technology. After reducing the dependence on engine technology, domestic and foreign car companies have begun to develop their own new energy vehicle technology, from intelligent to low-energy power technology, it can be said that the automobile industry with a century of precipitation has made a new definition. So which technologies became one of the must-haves of the model during the year? And what new technologies will we experience in the future? Let's sit down and talk together.
Smart driving What are the car needs for future mobility?
At present, the technology that can be called changing the "rules" of car driving is intelligent automatic driving technology. The many technologies derived from this have also become an important force to stimulate the development of the industry. This includes: lidar, high-definition cameras, car chips, etc.
Lidar
Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) in English, lidar is a sensor that uses laser as a carrier for ranging and detection. It is also a type of radar, but unlike our common millimeter-wave radar and ultrasonic radar, lidar uses a laser beam for detection. It determines the distance by measuring the time difference and phase difference of the laser signal, and uses Doppler imaging technology to produce a 3D image with a clear target. By transmitting and receiving laser beams, lidar analyzes the turnback time after the laser encounters the target object, calculates the relative distance to the target object, and uses the three-dimensional coordinates, reflectivity and texture information of a large number of dense points on the surface of the target object collected in this process to quickly obtain the three-dimensional model of the measured target and various related data such as lines, surfaces, and bodies, establish a three-dimensional point cloud map, and draw an environmental map to achieve the purpose of environmental perception.
At present, according to the different scanning methods, lidar can be divided into rotating mechanical lidar, hybrid semi-solid-state radar and all-solid-state radar. Among them, mechanical lidar generally adopts a 360-degree rotary scanning method, which can physically rotate the surrounding environment 3D scan to form a comprehensive coverage to form a point cloud.
Compared with the mechanical structure radar mentioned above, pure solid-state lidar has a huge improvement in product durability because there is no complex rotating mechanism, and the overall volume of the equipment is also effectively compressed. At present, the common solid-state radar on the market is divided into two types: OPA optical phased array and Flash flash.
Hybrid solid-state radar is a product that combines mechanical radar with solid-state radar, which is easier to control in terms of cost and volume. At present, the common hybrid solid-state radar on the market is MEMS galvanometer, rotor, prism mode.
MEMS galvanometer lidar is to control a small mirror torsion angle to achieve scanning, while the laser emitter does not move, it can be translated and twisted (x, y two directions) two mechanical movements for scanning, in order to achieve a very high scanning frequency.
Rotary mirror lidar relies on a mirror rotating around the center for light refraction scanning, which has good advantages in terms of power consumption and heat dissipation.
The interior of prism lidar generally adopts a double-wedge-shaped prism structure, in which the laser is deflected once after passing through the first wedge-shaped prism, and then deflected again after passing through the second wedge-shaped prism. As long as the relative speed of the two prisms is controlled, the scanning pattern of the laser beam can be controlled.
Millimeter wave radar
The so-called millimeter-wave radar, as the name suggests, is a radar that works in the millimeter wave band, and its frequency is 30-300GHz. First, the radar propagates through space in the form of direct waves, with a narrow beam, good directionality, and the ability to distinguish between smaller targets that are closer together or to observe the details of the target more clearly. In addition, millimeter-wave radar has a strong ability to penetrate sand and smoke, and is basically used around the clock.
According to the frequency of radiated electromagnetic waves, there are three main types of vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar: 24GHz, 77GHz and 79GHz. Among them, 24GHz is mainly used for short distances (within 60m), short-range radar is called SRR; 77GHz is mainly used for long-distance (150-250m), long-distance radar is called LRR; 79GHz is usually used for short-to-medium distances, of which medium-range radar is called MRR. Since the 76-79GHz band is mainly used in a wider range of scenarios, it is suitable for adaptive cruise control (ACC), collision avoidance (CA), blind spot detection (BSD), lane changing assistance (LCA), parking assistance, rear vehicle warning (RTCA), pedestrian detection, etc.
Of course, the traditional millimeter wave radar also has the disadvantage of being irreversible, due to the special way of working, its longitudinal altimetry ability is lacking, such as the height of bridges or road signs, these stationary objects will be regarded as a flat position on the ground, so it is easy to cause "ghost brakes" now. So in response to this kind of problem, 4D millimeter wave radar came out.
In addition to supporting the three parameters of detection distance, horizontal angle and speed, 4D imaging millimeter wave radar also increases altitude information, while pursuing high resolution, requiring target detection of people, motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles. Taking a domestic brand as an example, its 4D imaging millimeter wave radar has increased the horizontal field of view from 90 ° to 120 °, and the vertical field of view angle has increased from 18 ° to 30 °, covering more than most of the lidar, and also has the all-weather scene adaptation and simultaneous speed measurement function that lidar does not have, integrating the advantages of traditional millimeter wave radar and lidar.
However, compared with lidar, although 4D imaging millimeter wave radar has a price advantage, and the current automatic driving is mainly for automatic follow-up, parallel assist and other functions, 4D imaging millimeter wave radar is fully equipped to replace the ability of lidar; but due to the global chip shortage, China is still facing the problem of mass production.
HD camera
For us, the on-board visual camera can be described as the earliest visual hardware to assist the driving of the vehicle, such as reversing images. At present, with the continuous development of technology, on-board cameras have been transformed from visual devices to perception devices. These are cameras with perception capabilities.
From the perspective of development, the resolution of the earliest hundreds of thousands of pixels also basically meets the requirements of reversing and driving records, but with the expansion of functions and application scenarios, the system has higher and higher requirements for the resolution of the camera, from the initial 300,000 pixels to more than 1 million pixels, and then developed to the current 2 million pixels, the focus has shifted to the assistance system in the driving process for surrounding environment perception. At present, as one of the necessary sensors for assisted driving, the on-board camera can sense the situation around the vehicle and realize the automatic driving functions such as forward collision warning, lane departure warning, pedestrian detection, automatic parking, etc., to achieve the improvement of driving safety.
However, due to the limitations of pixels, in the recognition clarity of the target, there will be this low accuracy, easy to be affected by bad weather such as strong light, rain curtain, fog and so on. The vast majority of current models equipped with assisted driving use the main camera at around 1.3 megapixels, which is equivalent to a resolution of 960p. The camera of the Xiaopeng P7 is 2 million pixels, with a resolution of 1080p, but it is only the clarity of the first generation of Full HD TV, so there are still some "frizzy" depictions of details.
However, in recent years, the 8-megapixel camera has begun to enter the market, and its emergence has completely enhanced the performance of this field for identifying and monitoring targets at longer distances. However, there are two sides to everything. With the improvement of camera pixels, the difficulty of processing data by computing platforms is also increasing, and the overall system cost will inevitably increase. At the same time, the car camera is not the ability to spell pixels like the mobile phone, but also needs to have the algorithm ability to match the high-resolution camera. Therefore, whether the car company applies 8 million pixel cameras, the cost must be on the one hand, on the other hand, it depends on whether the car company has the supporting technical capabilities.
In addition, in terms of quantity, from the earliest low-speed parking with only one reversing rearview camera, it later developed to 4 to 5 surround view cameras; in the application of driving assistance, from the initial 1 front-view monocular camera, it developed to the later front-view three-eye, four-eye and side-view and rear-view a total of 7 to 8 driving assistance cameras, and even some cars are also equipped with driver monitoring cameras and passenger monitoring cameras. At present, driven by functional requirements and regulatory policies, as well as the reduction of camera hardware costs, it will be common for an L2+ level intelligent car to be equipped with more than 11 cameras.
V2X Connected Car Technology
Now when it comes to autonomous driving, there is always a mention of V2X car networking, so what is it?
The full English name of V2X is Vehicle to Everything, that is, the wireless communication technology for vehicles, in which V represents the vehicle, X represents any object of information that interacts with the car, and X mainly includes the vehicle, people, traffic roadside infrastructure and network. In simple terms, V2X is a collective term for a new generation of information and communication technologies that connect vehicles to everything.
V2X technology first appeared in 2006, but due to the limitations of the technology at that time, it was in the research and development stage. Compared with the on-board autonomous driving perception system, V2X has the ability to break through visual dead ends and cross the occlusion to obtain information, and can also share real-time driving status information with other vehicles and facilities, and can also generate prediction information through research algorithms. In addition, it is also the only automotive sensing technology that is not affected by weather conditions, and whether it is rain, fog or strong light exposure will not affect its normal work, so V2X technology is widely used in transportation, especially in the field of automatic driving.
In terms of careful division, the V2X vehicle network contains the following four key technologies. These include:
V2N
The full name of V2N is Vehicle to Network, that is, the car and the Internet, the technology refers to the vehicle device through the access network / core network and the cloud platform connected, and then the cloud platform and the vehicle data interaction, and the acquired data for storage and processing, to provide the vehicle needs of various types of application services. It is also used in vehicle navigation, remote monitoring, emergency rescue and infotainment.
V2V
The full name of V2V is Vehicle to Vehicle, which is car to car. Vehicle-to-vehicle communication through on-board terminals. Vehicle terminals can obtain real-time information such as speed, location, driving conditions and other information of surrounding vehicles, and vehicles can also form an interactive platform to exchange text, pictures and videos in real time, which is mainly used to avoid or reduce traffic accidents, vehicle supervision and management, etc.
V2I
The full name for V2I is Vehicle to Infrastructure, which is vehicles and infrastructure. It refers to the communication between on-board equipment and roadside infrastructure (such as traffic lights, traffic cameras, roadside units, etc.), which can also obtain information about vehicles in nearby areas and publish various real-time information. Its application areas include real-time information services, vehicle monitoring management and non-stop charging.
V2P
The full name of V2P is Vehicle to Pedestrian, which is car and pedestrian. It mainly targets vulnerable traffic groups, including pedestrians, cyclists, etc. Communicate with in-vehicle devices based on the use of user devices such as mobile phones, laptops, etc. It is mainly used to avoid or reduce traffic accidents, information services, etc.
However, in order to achieve the various functions of V2X, it is necessary to open up hardware equipment providers such as automobile manufacturers, intelligent terminal manufacturers, and network service providers. , upload various hardware devices to a unified platform, process and classify, and then send them to the on-board terminal. In addition, the amount of data in the Internet of Vehicles per hour reaches hundreds or thousands of GG, and the current 4G network will be difficult to handle, but with the arrival of 5G networks, transmission speed is no longer an issue.
Autonomous driving chips
In the past few years, due to the epidemic, there has been a serious shortage of on-board chips in the world, resulting in the phenomenon of some car companies reducing production or stopping production. Why can a small chip shake up the entire automotive industry?
In the past hundred years of automobile development, due to the continuous increase of electrical systems, chips with processing functions have gradually been added, and the first to bear the brunt is the ECU. A complete ECU consists of a CPU, memory (ROM, RAM), input/output interface (I/O), analog-to-digital converter (A/D), and large-scale integrated circuits such as shaping and driving. At the beginning of the period, its main job is to control the engine and ensure the stability of the sensor ECU-controller circuit. Subsequently, its field expanded to the entire automobile, including lock braking system, 4-wheel drive system, electronically controlled automatic transmission, etc., covering all kinds of body safety, networking, entertainment, sensing control systems, etc.
And now in the field of autonomous driving, with the guidance camera. With the addition of vehicle radar, the number of cores of the CPU that does not exceed double digits is obviously difficult to support such computing power, so GPUs with hundreds of cores and can handle a large number of simple computing tasks at the same time have become the latest development mainstream.
However, because the autonomous driving algorithm is still rapidly updating and iterating, there are high requirements for the "training" part of the cloud, which requires both large-scale parallel computing and multi-threaded computing of big data. Therefore, GPU+FPGA solutions have become the development direction of mainstream autonomous driving functions. An FPGA is a hardware-reconfigurable architecture. Its full English name is Field Programmable Gate Array, and Chinese name is Field Programmable Gate Array. Is a new type of programmable logic devices that appeared in the mid-1980s, its structure is different from the device based on the or array, its biggest feature is that it can be programmed in the field, with low energy consumption, high performance and programmability and other characteristics, relative to the CPU and GPU has obvious performance or energy consumption advantages, but the user requirements are high. So GPUs are suitable for parallel computing with a single instruction, while FPGAs are suitable for multi-instruction, single-stream, and are often used in the "training" phase of the cloud. In addition, compared with GPUs, FPGAs have no access function, so they are faster and consume less power, but at the same time, the amount of computation is not large. Combine the advantages of the two to form a GPU + FPGA solution.
But later, as the demand for customization of autonomous driving increases, ASIC-specific chips will become mainstream. It can be optimized at a more targeted hardware level to obtain better performance and power consumption ratios. However, the design and manufacture of ASIC chips requires a lot of money, a long research and development cycle and engineering cycle, and deep learning algorithms are still developing rapidly, if the deep learning algorithm changes greatly, the FPGA can quickly change the architecture and adapt to the latest changes, ASIC chips are difficult to modify once customized.
In addition, with the gradual improvement of the level of automatic driving, the processing power of chips has also gradually increased. It is reported that for each additional level of automatic driving, the required chip computing power will show a dozen times of the increase, L2 level automatic driving computing power demand only requires 2-2.5TOPS, but L3 level automatic driving computing power demand needs to reach 20-30TOPS, to L4 level needs more than 200TOPS, L5 level computing power demand is more than 2000TOPS. Intel calculates that in the era of fully autonomous driving, each car generates up to 4,000 GB of data per day.
When Tesla launched HW3.0 in 2019, its 144TOPS hashrate has definitely become the industry leader, and now Tesla is expected to produce HW4.0, and its computing power will reach more than 432 TOPS. And Nvidia last year launched the Xavier chip with a hashtag power of 30TOPS and the DRIVE Orin chip of 254TOPS, and this year, Nvidia directly announced THE DRIVE Atlan, and the hash rate was directly pulled to 1000TOPS, which can be used to carry L4 and L5 level autonomous driving. Of course, with the current increasing popularity of intelligent vehicles, the future will also achieve the final strength of 500-1000TOPS.
Autonomous driving domain controllers
The so-called domain controller (DCU, Domain Control Unit), its earliest concept was proposed by Bosch, Continental, Delphi led by Tier1, its emergence, mainly to solve the problem of information security, as well as ECU bottlenecks. If classified, domain controllers can be divided into powertrains, vehicle safety, body electronics, smart cockpits, and smart driving that we will mention.
The domain controller of automatic driving must first have the capabilities of multi-sensor fusion, positioning, path planning, decision control, wireless communication, and high-speed communication. Usually, vehicles need to be connected to multiple cameras, millimeter-wave radar, lidar, and IMU equipment, and the functions completed include image recognition and data processing. Due to the large number of operations to be completed, domain controllers generally match a processor with strong core computing power, which can provide support for different levels of computing power for automatic driving. Among them, the image recognition part has the highest computing power requirements, followed by multi-sensor data processing and fusion decision-making.
Smart cockpit, so that the car also has "hot" human feelings?
If it is the most reflective of what is a smart car, I believe that the smart cockpit is definitely a distinct performance. In layman's terms, a smart cockpit is the equivalent of transforming the interior of a vehicle into a digital platform. Compared with the traditional cockpit that uses simple methods to display vehicle condition information (such as mechanical pointer meters), the smart cockpit will use multiple touch displays to replace the original traditional instruments, and the operation steps of the system will be changed from physical buttons to touch or voice chat. More importantly, the smart cockpit is also equipped with a variety of sensors and AI smart products, which can give a more comfortable driving experience from the driver's habits and comfort.
At present, for the development of smart cockpits, it is mainly aimed at the following four trends:
Multimodal interaction technology
First of all, in the face of more and more functions on the vehicle, the traditional reliance on physical buttons to control is obviously not enough, and the expansion is also limited. As a result, digital interfaces with multimodality have become mainstream. However, with the evolution of things, due to the digital interface of the classification menu become more, the operation in the driving state is obviously some inconvenience, and the lack of physical button touch, the operation accuracy rate is also greatly reduced, so the emergence of voice control, effectively improve the operation efficiency, reduce the owner's line of sight off the road for a long time, improve driving safety.
However, as the saying goes, "learning the sea is endless", the future of intelligent cockpits will exist in a multimodal interaction mode based on speech. Comprehensive perception, integration, decision-making, and interaction from the vehicle, environment, and driver status. With voice control as the mainstay, supplemented by other control methods, qualitative changes have taken place in the input and output methods, so as to liberate people's hands and eyes, and reduce the overall operational risk and improve the safety of driving and riding.
Internet of Everything technology
This is the same as the V2X car networking we mentioned above, in addition to the more mainstream V2V, V2R, V2I and other aspects, the intelligent cockpit of the Internet of Everything is also gradually transferred to the smart home interconnection, such as allowing the driver to configure the room and connect the device in the smart home, control the smart device at home, including lamps, curtains, door locks and various household appliances, etc., passengers can also remotely control the doors, windows, lights, air conditioners, etc. through the mobile phone, to provide car-related services.
Multi-screen collaboration with AR-HUD technology
Now the development of mainstream models uses LIQUID crystal meters, and multi-screen linkage is through the conversion of connection technology, which can transfer the content on a certain screen to other screen displays to achieve screen sharing. In the future, screens will be replaced by screenless forms such as smart glass, holograms, HUDs, etc.
Speaking of AR-HUD technology, HUD is no stranger to everyone, it has been in the car for more than ten years, and it can also play an active safety role for drivers. With the iteration of technology, the emergence of AR-HUD has also raised this technology to a more interactive stage.
AR-HUD is a new type of automotive HUD that combines AR augmented reality technology and HUD head-up display, and the biggest difference with C-HUD and W-HUD is that AR-HUD has a larger field of view and a longer imaging distance, and can directly superimpose the display effect on the real road surface.
Personalized emotional technology
The development of the car is no longer a cold machine, after having a smart cockpit, it will also become a partner with "emotional" temperature. Not only can you accurately identify more detailed information of the face, such as expressions, micro-expressions, mental state (whether fatigue, whether concentration), line of sight attention, etc., to judge people's emotions, fatigue state, concentration, etc., and play a role in emotional interaction, fatigue driving warning, concentration monitoring and coping scenarios. And it can also create an intelligent mobile living space around the ride experience through biometric technologies such as fingerprint verification, facial 3D scanning, and eye tracking.
From oil to electricity, what has the development of power technology changed?
Since the advent and development of internal combustion locomotives, it has gone through a hundred years of history. However, after the popularity of new energy models has gradually become the mainstream of global development, people's dependence on pure internal combustion locomotives is also decreasing, but there are new ideas for the development of the future power system of automobiles, including pure electric drive platforms, hybrids, hydrogen fuel technologies, etc., and for the technology of automobile energy replenishment, there are also new technological developments.
Pure electric platform
Generally speaking, the "platform" design of automobiles is a strategy for enterprises to achieve high integration, improve the sharing rate of parts, reduce development costs, shorten the development cycle, reduce the number of parts, and share process equipment and processes in the design and manufacturing of complete vehicles. With the gradual occupation of the market by electric vehicles, each oem has launched its own platform products in recent times. However, why is the heat of the pure electric platform gradually hot in recent years, and how does it come about?
I think at the beginning, when the electric model first came out, due to the limitations of the technology at that time, its mileage could not meet the needs of the majority of consumers, so it was in a stage of exploration. In order to reduce the cost and development cycle of electric vehicles, OEMs have adopted the strategy of "oil to electricity" to obtain the off-line of models faster. However, although the number can be guaranteed, its floor is protruding irregularly, the power battery has a small space, the driving range is short, the ergonomics are poor, and other problems, which are deeply criticized by some consumers.
But later, as electric models began to gradually become popular, pure electric platforms began to develop gradually, and were developed and defined with maximized battery layout, modularization, electrification, intelligence, safety, space, and new electrical architectures. Therefore, it has also contributed to the development of the current mainstream pure electric platform.
What "conditions" does a good pure electric platform need to have?
First of all, a good pure electric platform should have a high degree of integration and modular powertrain, and its power resources can be flexibly configured. In addition, in order to achieve high-power fast charging, high-end models need to be equipped with an 800V high-voltage power platform. In terms of batteries, it is necessary to retain enough power battery placement space and ensure that the chassis of the crew compartment is flattened to achieve different power systems and different mileage configurations.
In terms of safety, the pure electric platform should meet the five-star collision safety of the vehicle, especially in the chassis structure, and optimize the redistribution of the vehicle transmission path for the flat rear chassis, the force transmission path of the lower body structure and the short front and rear suspension energy space. In addition, the integrated thermal management system of the crew compartment, power battery and drive system is adopted to continuously improve the environmental adaptability of electric vehicles through the application of intelligent thermal management technology.
In terms of manufacturing, the body chassis should be designed to be lightweight in poor condition of ensuring solid quality, and a large number of aluminum or steel and aluminum kits are used to reduce the overall quality. Finally, the vehicle's software and hardware are developing in the direction of gradual decoupling, the machinery is modular, and the software is digital platform.
Power battery technology
As one of the must-haves on new energy vehicles, the power battery can be said to determine the development direction of the entire new energy vehicle industry. Since the beginning of the development of new energy vehicles, lithium iron phosphate batteries once occupied a dominant position in the field of new energy vehicles, but then due to low energy density and poor low temperature performance, they were gradually replaced by ternary lithium batteries, so the majority of car companies or battery manufacturing companies will shift the focus of power lithium battery research and development to ternary lithium batteries. Data show that from January to June 2021, the global installed power battery capacity is about 115GWh, an increase of about 156% year-on-year. It is estimated that by 2025, the annual sales of global new energy vehicles are expected to exceed 15 million, the corresponding demand for power batteries will exceed 900GWh, and the compound annual growth rate of power batteries will exceed 30%.
Although the energy density of the battery has increased, the ensuing safety problems have become a mountain in front of the car company. And in order to "move the mountain". Many car companies have launched their own solutions, especially our domestic enterprises, in the power battery safety research and development can be described as a lot of effort, so there have been BYD blade batteries, GAC Aian magazine batteries, Great Wall Dayu batteries, Lantu amber batteries and so on, which can be unprecedented.
Hybrid technology
People who know hybrid cars may know that in this industry technology, Japanese car companies basically dominate from word of mouth to use effect, and sit firmly in the top position in this field. However, with the development of hybrid technology this year, brands from China have gradually launched their own hybrid solutions, and their use effect is comparable to similar models in Japan.
BYD DM-i
In 2021, BYD's DM-i Super Hybrid System was officially released. The hybrid system chooses the "electric hybrid" route based on electric drive, and is composed of a 1.5L Atkinson cycle engine specially built for it, ECVT, EHS electric hybrid system and hybrid special power blade battery.
Among them, this specially built Xiaoyun plug-in hybrid 1.5L Atkinson cycle engine, with 43.04% ultra-high thermal efficiency value and 15.5:1 ultra-high compression ratio, can effectively reduce exhaust loss and intake loss, improve combustion efficiency, and through a series of technologies such as: ultra-low friction, split cooling, exhaust gas recirculation, etc., so as to achieve the purpose of fuel saving.
As the core of DM-i, the EHS electromix system adopts a dual motor design of series and parallel connection. The drive motor has three different peak powers of 132kW, 145kW and 160kW, while the generator varies according to the power of the drive motor. Among them, the peak power of the generators on the 132kW and 145kW versions is 75kW, and the peak power of the generators on the 160kW version is 90kW. All three motors have a speed of up to 16,000 rpm and a torque of more than 300 N·m.
Therefore, when DM-i is fully powered in daily use, its system mainly relies on high-power high-efficiency motors for driving, and the main function of the gasoline engine is to generate electricity in the high-efficiency speed zone to achieve the characteristics of more electricity, less oil and efficient oil consumption; and when the power is insufficient, DM-i super hybrid is an ultra-low fuel consumption hybrid.
Great Wall Lemon DHT
In December 2020, Great Wall Motors officially launched the world's first "lemon hybrid DHT" technology for full-speed domain and all scenarios at the Haval Technology Center in Baoding.
Lemon Hybrid DHT (Dedicated Hybrid Technology) is a hybrid special technology solution, which can be regarded as a core technology route in the hybrid technology route of Great Wall Motors. Its highly integrated oil-electric hybrid DHT system is aimed at the needs of scenarios that focus on urban travel and take into account high-speed travel. Through the high-efficiency hybrid engine and the dual-motor hybrid connection, the performance of the full-speed domain and all scenarios is optimal, and the characteristics can be highly summarized as "full-speed domain + full-scene, high-efficiency + high performance". In terms of system architecture, the system can be described as "1-2-3": a DHT highly integrated oil-electric hybrid system, two power forms, and three powertrains.
Lemon DHT high-integration oil-electric hybrid system is a hybrid technology system built with "seven-in-one" high-performance multi-mode hybridization as the core. It integrates a 1.5L/1.5T hybrid special engine, a dual motor for power generation/drive, a fixed shaft transmission, a dual motor controller and DCDC. Through the highly integrated design, compared with the traditional fuel system assembly, it is smaller, lighter in weight, higher in transmission efficiency, better in NVH performance and better in reliability.
When the system is in working condition, it ensures that the engine work efficiency is always at the highest point, so that the working efficiency of the entire system can be optimized. Due to the dual-motor hybrid topology, pure electric driving, hybrid drive, series drive, energy recovery, idle shutdown and other working modes can be realized, and the perfect balance of power and fuel consumption in various driving scenarios can be realized through intelligent switching of the control system.
Chery Kunpeng DHT
In May last year, Chery Holding Group's Chery Kunpeng PHEV hybrid platform equipped with the "World's First Full-featured Hybrid Configuration DHT" technology was officially unveiled at the "2021 China Independent Brand Expo". Although the same name is DHT, the most obvious difference between Kunpeng DHT and lemon DHT is actually different from the meaning of the word. The full name of the DHT of the Great Wall Lemon is Destined Hybrid Technology, which translates Chinese as hybrid special technology, and chery Kunpeng's DHT full name is Destined Hybrid Transmission, which means that the hybrid special transmission is based on the traditional fuel vehicle transmission, and some electrified components are installed to achieve hybrid technology.
Specifically, Chery Kunpeng DHT also uses a combination of engine + dual motors, which is the only hybrid architecture in China that uses dual motor drive. An output mode based on electric drive is available. In this hybrid system, the motor assumes the main driving responsibility, and the engine can replenish the energy for the power battery under low load conditions. Therefore, by equipping two drive motors with relatively small power, with the FIO fixed-point injection oil-cooled motor technology and TEM dual motor power distribution technology developed by Chery, in order to replace the effect of a single high-power drive motor.
In terms of data, Kunpeng DHT has a maximum torque of 510N·m and a full-box torque density of 35N·m/kg, which can match large and medium-sized cars and SUVs, and can achieve 9 high-efficiency working modes such as single/double motor drive, extended range, parallel connection, engine direct drive, single/double motor brake energy recovery, and driving/parking charging. Kunpeng DHT adopts TEM ultra-efficient dual motor power distribution technology, which can select the best electric drive source and gear according to the load size, improve drive efficiency, and thus create a smooth driving experience and more efficient power distribution. The maximum transmission efficiency is greater than 97.6%, the average efficiency of the electric drive under NEDC conditions is more than 90%, the peak efficiency of the flat line motor is more than 97%, the power is 6.0kW/kg, and the fuel saving rate of the low power mode is greater than 50%.
Chang'an Blue Whale iDD
In June last year, Changan Automobile unveiled the Blue Whale iDD hybrid system at the Chongqing Auto Show. Different from the first three hybrid architectures, the biggest feature of the Changan iDD hybrid system is the P2 hybrid architecture that arranges the motor between the engine and the gearbox. This hybrid form mostly appears in the hybrid models of traditional joint venture car companies. The hybrid is based on the Blue Whale 1.5T powertrain, which greatly reduces the fuel consumption level of the model by adding technologies such as highly integrated wet three-clutch module, S-winding winding, IGBT double-sided cooling, efficient high-pressure hydraulic system and intelligent electronic dual-pump technology coupling.
In addition, Changan's Blue Whale iDD hybrid system based on the P2 structure 6-speed hybrid transmission can be compatible with the two hybrid architectures of PHEV and HEV, and there is no need to make major changes to the internal combustion engine power system that traditional car companies are good at, just add the three-electric system on the basis of the original power, so the new models launched in the future can be equipped.
Gilli Ray Divine Intelligence Hi · X
In October last year, Geely Automobile Group officially released the global power technology brand - Raytheon Power and the world-class modular intelligent hybrid platform - Raytheon Intelligence Park Hi · X。 The hybrid system includes a 1.5TD/2.0TD hybrid engine, as well as a DHT (1-speed transmission)/DHT Pro (3-speed transmission) hybrid special transmission, which supports full coverage of A0-C class models, and also covers a variety of hybrid technologies such as HEV, PHEV, and REEV.
However, it is worth mentioning here that Thor's mind is hygienic Hi · X is not a fuel-saving machine, but a comprehensive upgrade of economy, power, comfort and intelligence. The main thing is that the hybrid system has six technologies that are known as the "ceiling" of the industry.
First of all, the DHE15 (1.5TD) hybrid engine equipped with the new car is the world's first mass-produced supercharged direct-injection hybrid engine. This engine adopts four advanced technologies of high-pressure direct injection, supercharged intercooling, Miller cycle and low-pressure EGR, creating the highest thermal efficiency record of the world's mass-produced hybrid engine - 43.32%! It exceeds 41% of the highest level of Japanese hybrids, and the coverage of high thermal efficiency areas is close to half, while the thermal efficiency is indicated to reach 52.5%.
In addition, the DHT Pro equipped with the hybrid system is the world's first mass-produced 3-speed hybrid transmission, which integrates dual motors, transmissions, and electrical controllers with a height of 6 in 1, weighing only 120 kg, but can achieve a maximum output torque of 4920 N·m and a torque ratio of 41 N·m/kg. P1 generator no sense of switching, P2 drive motor + 3DHT to ensure that the power is on call, so that energy saving and driving control no longer "fight". Therefore, on the basis of the world's highest thermal efficiency of 43.32% of the mass-produced supercharged direct injection hybrid engine, the DHT Pro adopts a 3-speed ratio, which transmits energy directly to the wheel through the direct drive mode, and realizes zero loss of conversion energy. Ray's Mind Hi · X is 0.4-0.6L lower than the Japanese HEV, saving 9-12% of fuel, and has a more fuel-efficient performance than the japanese hybrid in the same class.
In particular, it should be noted that Thor's mind is hygienic Hi · X can be paralleled in full speed domains. For example, at a speed of more than 20km/h, you can enter the parallel mode and realize the ejection start, which is much lower than the parallel speed of at least 70km/h in the Japanese hybrid, and the system efficiency is increased by 20%. In terms of improving power, when starting, the 3rd gear DHT Pro is slid through the clutch, matching the 1st gear speed ratio, to achieve a catapult start, and the starting acceleration ability is increased by 50%. 80~120km/h acceleration, release 60% of the reserve power, and quickly achieve high-speed overtaking.
Hydrogen fuel cell technology
As a clean and pollution-free, long mileage, short filling time and other advantages of the advantages of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are carrying out research on related technologies in various countries. The so-called hydrogen fuel cell technology refers to a kind of power generation equipment that converts the chemical energy contained in the fuel from electrochemistry to electrical energy. The structure of the single battery is composed of two positive and negative electrodes and electrolytes of fuel and oxidant, of which the electrolyte has two separators on both sides, which can play the two reactions of hydroxide and hydrogen reduction, and then form power energy when the electron passes through the external load. This technology has the advantages of both heat engine and battery, not only fast conversion speed, small pollution, no noise, but also can work at low temperatures.
If only hydrogen is used as fuel, water is obtained through chemical reactions, and zero emissions can be achieved. Moreover, the main principle of hydrogen water transformation is exothermic reaction, which forms steam and hot water during the conversion process, which can also play a heating effect in addition to supplying electric energy. Hydrogen fuel cells are considered to be the ideal technology for clean and environmental protection in the future, and are the ultimate new energy power solution. Theoretically, the efficiency of fuel cells in the process of energy conversion can reach almost 90%, but in the process of practice, affected by a variety of factors, the actual energy conversion efficiency of fuel cells at this stage is basically about 50%.
The hydrogen fuel cell system takes the stack as the core power generation unit, which is the place where hydrogen and oxygen undergo electrochemical reactions and generate electrical energy, and is the core material carrier for the realization of the basic principles of fuel cells. In view of the small output power of a single fuel cell unit, multiple fuel cell units are usually stacked in series, and seals are embedded between each individual to form a stack to increase the overall output power. In addition to stacks, fuel cell engine systems require a range of auxiliary systems to fulfill their functions. The fuel cell engine system is mainly composed of fuel cell engine, voltage converter (DC/DC), vehicle-mounted hydrogen system (vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle and supporting valves), etc., of which the fuel cell engine mainly includes the stack, engine controller, chlorine supply system, air supply system, hydrothermal management system, etc. Compared with the power system of traditional fuel vehicles or pure electric vehicles, the structure of fuel cell engine systems is more complex.
Editor's Summary:
It can be seen that the development of the car in 2021 has ushered in an inflection point of full electrification and intelligence. Especially under the continuous support of national policies, coupled with the increasing purity of the technology around the car, it has become an important opportunity for the comprehensive intelligence of the future car. In addition, it is precisely because the field is an equal starting development for individual car companies, so the product competition for the future automobile market will also show a white-hot, and for the majority of consumers, the demand level for products will also be enriched, which is definitely a major positive, we will wait and see.