The 5G Automotive Alliance (5GAA) is a global, cross-industry organization of automotive, technology and telecommunications industry (ICT) companies working together to develop end-to-end solutions for the mobility and transportation services of the future.
Founded in September 2016, 5GAA unites a large membership group with 8 founding members: Audi AG, BMW Group, Daimler AG, Ericsson, Huawei, Intel, Nokia and Qualcomm AG.
Since its inception, 5GAA has expanded rapidly to include major players in the automotive, technology and telecommunications industries all over the world. This includes automakers, Tier 1 suppliers, chipset/communications system providers, mobile operators and infrastructure vendors. More than 130 companies have joined 5GAA.
The members of 5GAA vary geographically and in terms of expertise and are dedicated to helping define and develop the next generation of connected mobility and autonomous vehicle solutions.
List of key white papers:
Remote operation driving use cases, system architecture, and business considerations
Safe handling in V2X applications
Collaborative model to enable the 5G infrastructure of European CAM to be deployed and used
Privacy by design for all aspects of C-V2X
C-V2X Use Case Volume II: Examples and Service Level Requirements
A visionary roadmap for advanced driving use cases, connectivity technologies, and radio spectrum needs
Protection of vulnerable road users
The MNO network extension mechanism meets the needs of connected cars
5GAA efficient and secure configuration system
5GAA publishes a white paper on making 5G forward-looking and predictive in the automotive industry
5GAA publishes a white paper on the C-V2X use case: methodology, examples, and service-level requirements
5GAA has published a C-V2X Conclusions White Paper based on the evaluation of available architecture options
5GAA has released a white paper describing the benefits of delivering C-ITS using existing cellular networks
NGMN publishes a white paper on V2X
20/12/2021
Tele-operated Driving Use Cases, System Architecture and Business Considerations
Advances in driving automation technology are gradually reducing our dependence on human drivers. Remote Operated Driving (ToD) technology separates the driver or driving automation system from the physical vehicle, efficiently operating from a remote location. As a result, ToD can implement shared remote assistance or remote driving services from a central location, which helps to reduce labor costs (fewer drivers) while improving driver safety and comfort.
This 5GAA white paper describes the technical and business framework for ToD Services and a visionary roadmap. Different ToD types are categorized according to the impact on the level of operation of autonomous vehicles, and studies are conducted in different environments, such as self-driving car parking areas, public roads, and even the use of different mobile networks. This white paper is a summary of the 5GAA ToD Technical Report published below, where interested readers can find more technical details and business considerations about ToD services.
12/07/2021
Safety Treatment in V2X Applications
This white paper describes the new challenges that arise in dealing with functional safety with the introduction of connectivity and distributed capabilities that are typical of cellular connected car (C-V2X) applications. A dedicated 5GAA technical working group conducted a detailed analysis to identify, propose and evaluate the possibilities of mobile network operators, suppliers and any further identified stakeholders to provide vehicle original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) with what they need to deal with security in the new use cases supported by C-V2X technology.
15/03/2021
Cooperation Models enabling deployment and use of 5G infrastructures for CAM in Europe
This white paper outlines five non-mutually exclusive options for ecosystem collaboration models related to the deployment and use of 5G CAM (Connectivity and Automated Mobility) infrastructure. 5GAA believes that these options may bring more benefits when combined. Based on this first assessment, 5GAA believes that in the context of the large-scale introduction of C-V2X-enabled advanced safety and autonomous driving use cases, a more integrated model should be considered involving all parties (automakers, road operators, communications service providers, i.e. mobile network operators and neutral host infrastructure providers) and other service providers that will play an increasing role in the ecosystem, such as location-based data marketplaces, mobile-as-a-service (MaaS), etc
03/11/2020
Privacy by Design Aspects of C-V2X
As part of the emerging Collaborative Intelligent Transportation System (C-ITS), the connected car is positioned to change the future of mobility – a change that is achieved through the exchange of messages between vehicles and between vehicles and transportation infrastructure. As these messages constantly broadcast data, including vehicle speed and location, this raises potential concerns about how privacy and data protection issues can be addressed.
In this document, we will revisit the latest technical architecture with privacy-designed features. We pay particular attention to Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM) and Decentralised Environmental Notification Messages (DENM), which provide privacy protections through the use of pseudonymous certificates that do not contain any identifying information. The Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) system is responsible for providing and fully managing the corresponding encryption keys. In this document, we review how current PKI system design can help address the risk of tracing from external and internal attackers, and identify unresolved challenges and privacy risks. We made a number of recommendations for future studies and general recommendations at the end of the document.
20/10/2020
C-V2X Use Cases Volume II: Examples and Service Level Requirements
The 5G Automobile Association (5GAA) defines a way to describe solution-agnostic use cases (UC) and application requirements, called Service Level Requirements (SLR).
This white paper applies a defined approach to describe use cases and includes advanced UCs that require complex interactions between vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure for autonomous (autonomous) vehicles. Different road scenarios, actors, and service flows are considered in the defined use cases. A detailed analysis of derived service-level requirements is also provided.
09/09/2020
A Visionary Roadmap for Advanced Driving Use Cases, Connectivity Technologies, and Radio Spectrum Needs
Through this white paper, the 5G Automobile Association (5GAA) presents its findings related to the evolution of automotive connectivity to improve road safety, increase traffic efficiency, a greener environmental impact and a more comfortable driving.
5GAA has identified the most promising advanced driving use cases, such as co-maneuvering and sensor sharing, while adopting the Cellular Connected to Vehicles (C-V2X) standard as well as the availability of the required technologies and equipment, namely on-board units (OBU), roadside units (RSUs) and smartphones, integrating the latest chipsets and modules. Describes the market trajectory of the identified use cases and the expected timeline for their mass market deployments.
The white paper concludes with an emphasis on spectrum needs for basic and advanced driving use cases. For direct communication, for basic security, this equates to between 10 and 20 MHz at 5.9 GHz, and for advanced driving, at 5.9 GHz, this equates to an additional 40 MHz or more.
24/08/2020
Vulnerable Road User Protection
Road safety is an important aspect of mobility for individuals and policymakers. For example, road deaths in the European Union (EU) fell by about half between 2001 and 2018, from 54,000 to 25,100 per year. However, the death toll has been at a stable level in recent years and further efforts are needed to further reduce the number of deaths and serious injuries.
5GAA has made the protection of vulnerable road users a priority area, so this white paper aims to shed light on the safety benefits offered by the chosen V2X use case, which could have a significant impact on protecting the most vulnerable traffic participants. Ultimately, this also has a positive impact on costs in the health sector, reducing the number of people who suffer serious injuries and life-changing consequences.
23/06/2020
MNO Network Expansion Mechanisms to Fulfil Connected Vehicle Requirements
This article describes how to expand and accelerate cellular coverage on roads to support automotive, road operations, and consumer services through collaboration between mobile network operators (MNOs), road operators, national and regional governments, and national road and communications regulators/authorities.
It is primarily a strategic playbook that advises on cooperation between mobile network operators and road operators/governments.
The document should facilitate discussions between road operators, governments and MNOs to accelerate the deployment of mobile networks along roads.
18/05/2020
5GAA Efficient Security Provisioning System
Internet of Vehicle (V2X) communication is right on our doorstep. It is a key part of the future of connected cars and autonomous driving as it enables infrastructure, pedestrians and vehicles to interact, taking the transportation ecosystem to the next level. Security plays an important role in building trust in V2X, protecting user privacy, and enabling security, efficiency, and comfort.
Efforts to strengthen trust in this ecosystem are driving global initiatives to develop, standardize, and implement Security Credential Management Systems (SCMS). As a result, different stakeholders make their demands, leading to different, non-interoperable regional designs. The 5G Automobile Association (5GAA) evaluated existing system designs and their regulatory requirements and identified some new "advanced" features. This white paper outlines recommendations for improved designs that meet these security and privacy requirements in large systems.
To integrate new technology opportunities in the automotive sector, as offered by extensive cellular connectivity, and to identify potential design simplifications, analysis and evaluation of existing system designs was completed last year. These existing designs are region-specific and are not fully interoperable due to different security and privacy requirements. Some ecosystem stakeholders in 5GAA challenged this status quo on several levels and evaluated these regional V2X security approaches.
This article summarizes design simplification, discusses its principles and implications, and proposes an updated design for large-scale deployment and cross-region interoperability called the Efficient Security Configuration System (ESPS). This article outlines potential simplifications for existing V2X credential management systems.
08/01/2020
5GAA Releases White Paper on Making 5G Proactive and Predictive for the Automotive Industry
We are at the dawn of a new era of mobility. The intelligent transportation systems of the future will bring huge benefits to people and society, including saving lives, improving time and money efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and making better use of the global road and highway network. Automated and connected driving, intelligent driver assistance and data-driven transport network optimization are examples of what the future of mobility means for people and governments. A key driver of this development is that mobile networks meet the requirements of the future of transportation.
The 5G Automobile Association (5GAA) has developed the concept of Quality of Service (QoS), a mechanism that enables mobile networks to provide interested consumers with advance notice of predicting changes in QoS. This makes it possible to adjust application behavior before the predicted QoS changes take effect, which is important for certain automotive use cases, such as remote and autonomous driving.
The concept of predictive QoS is spreading across the industry and standards-setting organizations (SDO). So it makes sense to reach a consensus on what predictive QoS is – what problems it solves, and how to fix them.
This white paper introduces predictive QoS in order to reach consensus.
29/07/2019
5GAA Releases White Paper on C-V2X Use Cases: Methodology, Examples and Service Level Requirements
In the past few years, several innovative automotive use cases using C-V2X technology have emerged, and more will emerge in the next few years to try to describe the new and new features of connected vehicles. Safety, vehicle operations management, convenience, autonomous driving, formation, traffic efficiency and environmental friendliness, society, and community are some of the areas where C-V2X use cases are expected to have a huge impact.
This white paper describes 5GAA's approach to defining use cases and related Service Level Requirements (SLRs) in the agnostic approach to communications technology solutions. Relative to the specific implementations and architectures that override the cellular system, the sequences and interactions of actions between the relevant participants are described as general as possible. In addition, a set of C-V2X use case examples is described in detail and has been used to apply the 5GAA approach. Each use case consists of multiple use case scenarios, where the use case scenario may differ in terms of applicable road environment, participants involved, service flow, and so on. The SLR for the selected sample use case is provided and analyzed in a manner independent of technology and implementation.
The 5GAA working group uses 5GAA use cases to develop C-V2X solutions, create test procedures, demonstrate and pilot, assess spectrum requirements and work with standards development organizations (SDO), and finally create business cases and deployment paths.
Please note that this document is currently being revised
20/02/2019
5GAA releases White Paper on C-V2X Conclusions based on Evaluation of Available Architectural Options
Over the past decade, an interconnected transport service that utilizes mobile network communications has been identified. One question that needs to be answered is whether these shipping services can be handled by current cellular networks, or whether specific enhancements are required to provide a commercially viable solution.
This white paper analyzes the architectural options for C-V2X communications and summarizes considerations for the ability of current networks to handle vehicle services by evaluating them against two specific use cases of interest: intersectional mobility assistance (IMA) and vulnerable user (VRU) discovery. An assessment of the identified architecture further helps to extract useful conclusions for situations where such an architecture solution might be applied. The analysis turns in two directions, namely solutions related to the PC5 interface and solutions related to the Uu interface; The latter includes cloud enhancements. In addition, multi-operator considerations for C-V2X communications are presented and analyzed.
This document summarizes the work done by 5GAA in network architecture, with a focus on evaluating and recommending enhancements related to the cellular V2X architecture.
22/01/2019
5GAA releases white paper on the benefits of using existing cellular networks for the delivery of C-ITS
In this white paper, 5GAA analyzes the benefits of using existing cellular networks to deliver Collaborative Intelligent Transportation System (C-ITS) services and RSU deployments. The analysis describes deployment options in terms of spending on deploying ITS services for vehicles that communicate with infrastructure over a decade. For each option, deployment costs, operations and maintenance costs, and connectivity costs are evaluated. The analysis highlights complementarity between cellular remote technologies (i.e., mobile networks), using cellular (Uu) interfaces and sidechain (PC5) technologies.
This article defines the range of services that can be reasonably delivered over a cellular network, and which services require a roadside unit (RSU) as part of the solution. It also explains the current state of the industry, highlighting examples of infrastructure services that are already being delivered over cellular networks, as well as architectural and technical considerations that are critical to delivering these services, such as spectrum, coverage, multi-operator, and roaming protocols. This document details two different technical approaches: building an RSU-based dedicated communications V2I infrastructure (C-V2X PC5 or 802.11p-based ITS-G5/DSRC), or mixing RSU and cellular-based deployments. The cost model of these methods is also analyzed, including capital (CAPEX) and operational (OPEX) considerations that are important for road operators. These different models are applied to a variety of road scenarios to make it clear that the cost of using existing cellular networks to deliver ITS services is significantly reduced compared to a wide range of RSU deployments – without this approach, deploying V2I services in some regions may not make sense at all.
07/08/2018
NGMN Publish white paper on V2X
The Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) recently released a white paper showcasing their views on Connected Vehicle (V2X) technology, a key component of reducing the number of road traffic accidents and improving road safety.
In the study, eight V2X use cases were selected to reflect three types of ITS applications: 1) road safety, 2) traffic management and efficiency, and 3) infotainment. They include various C-V2X communication methods such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V), vehicle-to-net (V2N2V), and network-to-vehicle (N2V).
Here are some of the key findings and conclusions of NGMN highlighted in this article:
To date, NGMN members have provided cellular connectivity to more than 30 million vehicles worldwide for a variety of safety-related use cases (e.g., congestion warnings related to distribution security, black ice warnings, etc.). It is expected that in the near future, every vehicle will be equipped with cellular connectivity. This is a good market-driven basis for further deployment of more C-V2X technology and services.
With 3GPP Rel. Finalized in early 2017, NGMN members now have a 3GPP standardized solution that supports both long-distance and short-range communication and meets all the requirements of the C-ITS ecosystem.
After ongoing testing, the technology will be deployed by 2020.
NGMN believes that C-V2X not only enhances the safety features of vehicles, but also supports the use cases of other traffic participants, such as pedestrians and cyclists.
NGMN investigated and concluded that C-V2X technology outperforms the IEEE 802.11p standard in terms of technology, economics, and ecosystems, and can well meet basic security applications.