"If Ruiqin really wants to wait for me, then I have several requirements for her, one is to read, the second is to revolutionize, and the third is not to get tangled."
This is a sentence that Lu Deming mentioned in his letter to his father. Lu Deming's "Ruiqin" is called Yan Ruiqin, and she is Lu Deming's fiancée. When Lu Deming and Yan Ruiqin were in their teens, their parents made a pact with each other. However, because Lu Deming had been doing revolutionary work outside for a long time, he and Yan Ruiqin did not officially marry each other.
Bust of Lu Deming
Lu Deming was born in June 1905 to a wealthy family in Lion Bay, Yibin County, Sichuan (now Lion Bay, Democracy Village, Zigong City). Lu Deming's father, Lu Anbing, was a sensible reader who attached great importance to the education and cultivation of his son. Therefore, Lu Deming was sent to a private school from an early age, followed by primary school, and was admitted to Chengdu Public School at the age of 16.
It was also at this time that his father Lu Anbing arranged a family affair for Lu Deming. The woman Yan Ruiqin and Lu Deming are similar in age, and the two families are right, and the parents of both sides are very satisfied with this doll. However, Lu Deming was slightly dissatisfied in his heart, because Yan Ruiqin was an old-fashioned woman who had not read a book. However, in the old society where the fate of his parents was greater than that of heaven, Lu Deming could only accept it helplessly.
During his studies at Chengdu Public School, Under the influence of his classmates, Lu Deming began to come into contact with advanced revolutionary ideas, and a sense of struggle and resistance slowly arose in his heart. At that time, although Lu Deming was young, he was very concerned about current affairs, and he was strongly dissatisfied with the real situation of the imperialist powers dividing Up China and the warlords fighting for many years, and believed that if he wanted to overthrow the great powers and eliminate the warlords, he could only rely on the barrel of a gun.
Under the guidance of this kind of thinking, Lu Deming made up his mind to throw himself into the pen and apply for the Whampoa Military Academy in Guangzhou. However, Lu Deming knew that his father Lu Anbing would never agree to do so. Because, in that era, the old concept of "good iron does not hit nails, good men are not soldiers" was still very common, and Lu Anbing did not want his son to go to military school at all. What should I do?
Lu Deming returned to his hometown and persuaded his father step by step, he started from the warlords in charge, the great powers running rampant, the people are not happy, and finally said that "the world rises and falls, and the pirate has the responsibility", determined to join the army and serve the country. Lu Anbing nodded his head after listening, and he finally understood his son's ambitions and ambitions, so he nodded in agreement. Later, Lu Anbing often said to his family: "Lao Yi (Lu Deming) has insight, ambition, and success!" ”
Lu Deming's former residence
After the Spring Festival in 1924, Lu Deming embarked on the road to guangzhou and was admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy as he wished, becoming the second batch of cadets of the Whampoa Military Academy. During his studies at the Whampoa Military Academy, Lu Deming performed very well and joined the party organization. Once, when Dr. Sun Yat-sen came to inspect the Whampoa Military Academy, Chiang Kai-shek specially briefed Dr. Sun Yat-sen on Lu Deming's outstanding performance. At that time, Dr. Sun Yat-sen praised with great satisfaction: "The whole school students should take Lu Deming as a model." ”
Dr. Sun Yat-sen's high praise for Lu Deming soon spread throughout the Whampoa Military Academy. According to Marshal Nie Rongzhen's later recollection: "When Comrade Lu Deming was a member of the Whampoa Military Academy, he was a communist and performed relatively well. After graduation, Lu Deming stayed on as a member of the organization section of the Political Department, and was soon appointed detective chief of the Eastern Crusade Student Army. From this point on, Lu Deming officially began his short, brilliant military career.
During the battle of the Eastern Crusade against Chen Jiongming, the bold and meticulous Lu Deming infiltrated Chen Jiongming's army several times in disguise, successfully reconnoitred a large amount of military intelligence, and came to the fore. In November 1925, Lu Deming was sent to work in the Ye Ting Independent Regiment and served as the commander of the 4th Company of the 2nd Battalion of the Independent Regiment. In the Northern Expedition War, Lu Deming's independent regiment entered the territory of Hunan and fought against the Beiyang warlord Wu Peifu, and was invincible and invincible.
When attacking Youxian County, Lu Deming took the initiative to grasp the fighter without receiving orders from his superiors, and led the 4th Company to pursue the enemy by taking advantage of the victory, further expanding the results of the battle. At that time, Ye Ting praised Lu Deming, who once said: "The battle achievements are obtained by everyone's hard work, and every battle we fight is thanks to you." For example, in the occupation of Youxian County, Lu Deming, the commander of the 4th Company, was directing me, not me commanding him. ”
Later, in the key battles against Tingsi Bridge and He Sheng Bridge, Lu Deming was decisive in command and took the lead, and finally won the battle. Due to his outstanding military achievements, Lu Deming was soon promoted to the commander of the 2nd Battalion of the Independent Regiment, and soon after he was transferred to the commander of the 1st Battalion. In March 1927, Ye Ting's Independent Regiment was reorganized into the 73rd Regiment of the 25th Division of the 4th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and Lu Deming succeeded Xu Jishen as the regiment's chief of staff, leading the troops to be stationed at Nanhu Lake in Wuchang.
Lu Deming stills
It was also during this period that Lu Deming wrote a family letter to his father. As mentioned at the beginning of the article, Lu Deming made three demands for his fiancée Yan Ruiqin, whom he had not seen for many years- to study, to be revolutionary, and not to tie his feet. It can be said that Lu Deming was still very concerned about his fiancée Yan Ruiqin, and at that time he also planned to return home as soon as possible to marry Yan Ruiqin.
After learning about her fiancé Lu Deming,Yan Ruiqin was so happy that she vowed to wait for Lu Deming to return and marry herself. At the same time, Yan Ruiqin also untied the shroud and began to read and read according to Lu Deming's request. However, Yan Ruiqin waited at home with great anticipation, and finally did not wait for her fiancé Lu Deming to come back, because Lu Deming inexplicably "disappeared".
What's going on? It turned out that after the failure of the vigorous Great Revolution, Lu Deming, who was then the commander of the guard regiment of the General Headquarters of the 2nd Front of the 4th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, planned to lead his troops to participate in the famous Nanchang Uprising. However, when Lu Deming led his troops to Fengxin County, he learned that the rebel troops had moved south. Lu Deming had to change his original plan and intended to lead the troops to move to Xiushui County for recuperation.
In the process, due to the lack of military talent of the Nanchang rebel forces, Lu Deming was ordered to leave the guard regiment and prepare to go south to meet the rebel troops. Before leaving the guard regiment, Lu Deming said passionately to the soldiers: "Comrades, I am leaving for the time being to obey the needs of the revolution. We must unite as one, work together against the enemy, and preserve our contingent; this is the basic force of the revolution, and we must always heed the party's call. ”
Lu Deming left a whole regiment of troops and weapons and equipment in Xiushui County, which was a key outstanding contribution he made to the revolution. Later, this guard regiment was reorganized into the 1st Regiment and participated in the famous Autumn Harvest Uprising. Of course, this is a later story. Then again, after Lu Deming left the guard regiment, he risked interrogation along the way and arrived safely in Changsha to prepare to take a train to Wuhan to find the party organization.
At this moment, Lu Deming received a new task - to return to the guard regiment, participate in the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and serve as the commander-in-chief of the Autumn Harvest Uprising! In this way, Lu Deming crossed the blockade and returned to the garrison of the guard regiment, Xiushui County. Lu Deming returned, and the whole unit was invigorated and jubilant. In order to prepare for the autumn harvest uprising, Lu Deming had a hundred flags of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army embroidered with sickles and axes, as well as a large number of red armbands.
At this time, Chairman Mao also actively prepared to organize the autumn harvest uprising together with Lu Deming as a special commissioner. At a military conference held in Zhangjiawan, Pingxiang, Hunan Province, Chairman Mao and Lu Deming studied and determined the military operations, troop establishment, and marching route of the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and reorganized the rebel troops into the 1st Division of the 1st Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army. Chairman Mao served as secretary of the Committee of Former Enemies and Lu Deming served as commander-in-chief.
On September 9, 1927, the famous Autumn Harvest Uprising broke out! According to the plan formulated in advance, Lu Deming personally led the 1st Regiment of the rebel army (the original guard regiment) from the west gate of Xiushui County, through Hangkou and Ma'ao, to camp in the area of Zhajin. The next day, Lu Deming commanded the 1st Regiment to capture the Zhuxi Factory, and then crossed the border between Xiushui and Pingjiang, and then captured the Longmen Factory.
Stills of the Autumn Harvest Uprising
Later, in light of the changes in the battlefield situation, Chairman Mao decided to change the plan for attacking Changsha, and sent people to inform the 3 regiments participating in the uprising to quickly meet the division in Wenjia City, Liuyang. After receiving the notice, Lu Deming overcame all kinds of difficulties and united to command the soldiers of the 1st Regiment to rush to Wenjia City on September 19. On this evening, Chairman Mao presided over a military conference to jointly study the next steps of the insurrectionary forces.
In the process, Lu Deming resolutely sided with Chairman Mao and supported Chairman Mao's correct proposition of "marching toward JinggangShan in the middle section of the Luoxiao Mountains." At that time, Lu Deming said in front of everyone: "I completely agree with The opinion of Committee Member Mao. It was a wise decision... The march to Jinggangshan is a great strategic retreat with a bright future. Only in this way can we fundamentally turn the situation around, preserve and strengthen the revolutionary forces and launch a more effective offensive against the reactionaries. ”
Because Lu Deming was the commander-in-chief of the Autumn Harvest Uprising and had decision-making power, coupled with his very high prestige in the army, when Lu Deming voted in favor, everyone raised their hands in agreement. On the other hand, this also reflects Lu Deming's farsightedness. In the early morning of September 20, after mobilization, the three regiments of the rebel forces began to march toward Jinggangshan, located in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains.
On the morning of September 23, the rebel troops climbed up the hill along the Luxi River, through Xujia Mountain and the steep head, into the mountain pass rock. At this time, Chairman Mao followed the vanguard troops, the 1st Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army led by Lu Deming was in the center, and the rear guard unit was the 3rd Regiment under the command of Su Xianjun. While passing through Yamaguchi Rock, the 3rd Regiment was surrounded by pursuing enemies, and the situation was very critical.
Hearing the gunshots behind him, Lu Deming felt that something was wrong. In order to rescue the soldiers of the 3rd Regiment, he personally led a company of troops back to meet them despite the obstacles. After a fierce battle, the 3rd Regiment finally managed to break through the siege. However, in the course of the battle, Lu Deming, who was a pioneer, was unfortunately hit in the right chest by the enemy's bullet and died heroically in front of the soldiers, only 22 years old.
After the bad news came, Chairman Mao was deeply saddened and lamented: "Return me Lu Deming!" Return my commander-in-chief! At that time, the situation was urgent, and the soldiers handed over Lu Deming's body to the local farmer Zhou Renbang and buried it properly under the small Tukan tea tree behind his house. Because Zhou Renbang did not know the identity of Lu Deming, it was not until 50 years later that the remains of the martyr Lu Deming were found.
The martyr Lu Deming made a heroic sacrifice at the age of 22, and history and the people still remember the heavy stroke he left in the revolutionary struggle, and will never forget the great contribution he made in the turning point of the revolutionary road. Let us pay high tribute to the martyr Lu Deming! The people will always remember the martyr Lu Deming! The lofty spiritual quality of martyr Lu Deming is always worth inheriting and carrying forward!
Lu Deming, the commander-in-chief of the Autumn Harvest Uprising
Then again. As early as after the defeat of the Great Revolution, when Lu Deming was the head of the guard regiment, he considered the safety of his family and cut off all contact with his family. In his last letter to his family, Lu Deming wrote: "Due to the change of the current situation, in order not to affect the family, I will not send family letters for the time being in the future, and you should not write to me..."
Since receiving Lu Deming's letter, the family has been worried and prayed that Lu Deming can return safely. Her fiancée, Yan Ruiqin, washed her face with tears all day, and her spirit was in a trance, and her heart was calling: "(Lu) Deming, (Lu) Deming, you must come back safely!" I'm still waiting for you to marry me!" I've learned to read and write, and I don't have to tie my feet anymore! I am waiting for you to take me on the road of revolution! You must not renege on your word! ”
Winter goes to spring, year after year. His fiancée Yan Ruiqin never received a letter from Lu Deming again, and the family inquired around and did not have any news from Lu Deming, and a big living person "disappeared" inexplicably! In the blink of an eye, his fiancée Yan Ruiqin is more than 30 years old, and Lu Deming's family feels that this is not the way to go, and they feel ashamed of the Yan family.
Therefore, Lu Deming's family took the initiative to persuade Yan Ruiqin: "Don't wait any longer, maybe Lu Deming is no longer alive!" You and Lu Deming did not formally visit the church to marry, do not have to suffer this sin, take advantage of the age is not very big, or find the right person to marry again! At first, Yan Ruiqin did not agree at all, she vowed to wait for Lu Deming to return safely, and she was willing to wait like this.
However, in the social environment of "men marrying and women marrying", Yan Ruiqin gradually can't bear the strange eyes of others. Looking at her parents' sad looks, Yan Ruiqin's heart was like a knife. More than ten years have passed, and her fiancé Lu Deming has not even heard half a bit, so where should he go! Yan Ruiqin thought about dying, but when she thought of her elderly parents, she couldn't bear it.
In the end, Yan Ruiqin compromised, and in her 30s, she reluctantly accepted the arrangement of fate and finally married someone else's wife! However, heaven seems to be deliberately teasing Yan Ruiqin, and after ten years of marriage, her husband fell ill and died, and she still lived alone. Time flies, the years fly by. Fast forward to 1949, more than twenty years after Lu Deming's last letter, and Lu Deming's hometown has ushered in liberation.
When the people's army entered the city, Yan Ruiqin was crowded in the lively crowd, and she pulled the soldiers who walked by one to inquire about Lu Deming's news. The young warriors had no idea who Lu Deming was? They had never heard of the name at all. After repeated inquiries and despair, Yan Ruiqin's heart was broken, she no longer had the courage to inquire, she felt that Lu Deming might really be no longer alive.
In the late 1970s, the central government sent people to Sichuan to find the relatives of the martyr Lu Deming. At this time, Yan Ruiqin was over sixty years old, and she had not remarried since her husband died of illness. One day, one of Yan Ruiqin's nephews led a group of staff to the home of the elderly Yan Ruiqin. After explaining her intentions, the old man Yan Ruiqin was sad in her heart, she waited for decades, but what she waited for was the news that Lu Deming had already died.
In order to confirm the identity, the staff also took out an old photo and handed it to the elderly Yan Ruiqin. After the old man Yan Ruiqin took the photo, he recognized Lu Deming on this group photo at a glance. This old photo is a group photo taken by Lu Deming during his study at the Whampoa Military Academy, and the lu Deming in the photo is so young and handsome, which makes the old man Yan Ruiqin feel like a world away.
Looking at it, the old man Yan Ruiqin cried loudly and "wow", and she could no longer control her emotions. Looking at this scene, the staff shed tears of sadness. Knowing that her fiancé Lu Deming was heroically sacrificed for the revolution, the elderly Yan Ruiqin was relieved, and remembering the various pasts with Lu Deming, she smiled with satisfaction: "(Lu) Deming did what he wanted to do, and I am proud and proud of him!" ”
In 2000, the elderly Yan Ruiqin was nearly ninety years old, and his life in his later years was peaceful and peaceful. Once, when interviewed by reporters, the elderly Yan Ruiqin took out two old yellowed photos from under the pillow of the bed with trembling hands. One is a single photo of Lu Deming, and the other is a group photo of Lu Deming at the Whampoa Military Academy. These two photos have been with the elderly Yan Ruiqin until she dies.
Lu Deming Rong costume
Today, in Zigong City, Sichuan, the hometown of the martyr Lu Deming, there is a monument to the martyr Lu Deming, a bust of the martyr Lu Deming, and a "Zigong Deming Middle School" renamed from the 33rd Middle School of Zigong City. In the place where Lu Deming martyr died - Shankou Rock, Shangbu Town, Luxi District, Pingxiang City, Hunan Province, there is a special Lu Deming Martyrs Cemetery. Let us pay tribute to the martyr Lu Deming, the commander-in-chief of the Autumn Harvest Uprising!