In the early days of our Party, there were many heroic and heroic high-ranking military command personnel who gave their lives prematurely for the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people, so that they could not leave a more splendid chapter in history.
This is an injustice of fate and a great loss to the party and the people.
Among these unfortunate generals in the early days, Comrade Lu Deming, the commander-in-chief who led the Autumn Harvest Uprising with Chairman Mao, was such a lamentable hero.
In 1905, Lu Deming was born into a wealthy family in Shuangshi Township, Yibin, Sichuan, during the Qing Dynasty. His father was a well-trained reader in the local area, with excellent family conditions and a book-soaked living environment, which allowed Lu Deming to lay a solid cultural foundation since he was a child.
From Lu Deming's name (字邦鼎, 号又新), we can see his father's expectations for his future, hoping that his son will become a pillar of the country in the future and reform the old Dingding.
Later, Lu Deming, at the critical moment of the change of the situation, did use his life to make a solemn choice for the rise and fall of the country.
In 1919, Lu Deming entered the higher primary school, and three years later, he was admitted to Chengdu Public School with excellent results. During this period, the Communist Party of China was proclaimed, and the spread of Marxism in China was in full swing. Lu Deming, who was still in school, was soon exposed to these new ideas and ideas.
Originally, according to his father's instructions, he should learn technology, strengthen the country with technology, and go back to his hometown to use his family property to set up an industry and engage in industry to save the country.
However, witnessing the chaos in the early years of the Republic of China, Lu Deming quickly understood: "If China wants to be strong, it must expel the great powers and overthrow the warlords!" The only way to achieve these two goals is to rely on guns! ”
In 1924, Lu Deming packed his backpack and traveled down the river from Sichuan to Shanghai, then took a ferry to Hong Kong, and finally transferred to Guangzhou. Such a long journey has been repeated many times because he learned a message - the Whampoa Military Academy has enrolled!
This time, the move to the south was actually a lot of words to win from his own strict father. Although his father was a late Qing Dynasty scholar, he was quite enlightened.
However, he felt that the soldiers everywhere were in chaos, and the territory of Sichuan was still relatively calm. When my son returned from school, he relied on the assets in his family to engage in a little industry, which was also beneficial to the country and the people.
Knowing that Lu Deming wanted to go south to apply for a military school and join the army in the future, this made Lu Father feel very angry! But Lu Deming was determined, and his father did not understand, so he patiently persuaded. So after a few days and nights of rambling conversation, Father Lu seemed to be completely persuaded by his son. He not only supported his son to go south to study, but even felt that it was good to be young. The son's words touched him, and the seven-foot boy's surging blood seemed to awaken.
With the support of his father, Lu Deming set off with the coil. However, Lu Deming was anxious to go to the school and realized that he was late.
He had been delayed on the road for so long that by the time he got to school, the current admissions exam was over. Just when Lu Deming was a little frustrated, Li Xiaoting, the elder of the League, saw the pearls and discovered this progressive young man with outstanding qualities.
He helped Lu Deming to hand over the cover letter to Sun Yat-sen, and in this way, Lu Deming not only met the revolutionary leader Mr. Sun Wen as he wished, but also honorably interviewed by Sun Yat-sen himself.
Lu Deming took the examination paper and answered it on the spot, not only with great literary brilliance, but also with unique insights into major military and state affairs. Sun Yat-sen looked at his scroll and praised him, and sighed: "There are such young people in China, why should the revolution not be successful!" ”
The final result was naturally expected, and Sun Yat-sen was very satisfied with this young man, and specially approved him to be re-enrolled as a second-term cadet of the Whampoa Military Academy. When he learned of Lu Deming's long-distance journey, he was very moved: "The victory of the revolution requires countless young people to go forward and follow!" Everyone should take Lu Deming as a model! ”
In school, Lu Deming met more Communists who believed in Marxism, and soon after being introduced, he joined the Communist Party.
In February 1925, when the Guangzhou Merchants Rebellion and the Chen Jiongming Rebellion, the Guangzhou government decided to use the student army of the Whampoa Military Academy as the main force to send troops to carry out the Eastern Crusade.
As early as when Lu Deming was a student, he was deeply appreciated by the principal Chiang Kai-shek and the chief instructor He Yingqin. He Yingqin was even more unfavorable and praiseworthy: "This Lu Deming, who can write and fight, will definitely be a general in the future!" ”
Lu Deming
Lu Deming also respected these two, but these two did not know that they were once again wrongly in love - there were always students who followed the Communist Party with an iron heart, and let the principal win them over, and Lu Deming was such a student.
After his first personal participation in the war, Lu Deming arrived in Haifeng to train the newly organized Peasant Self-Defense Army. In June of that year, Lu Deming completed his studies and graduated from the Whampoa Military Academy. Because of his excellent achievements and outstanding military and political qualities, Lu Deming stayed in the school. In November, he was transferred to the 34th Regiment of the 12th Division of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army and became a company commander stationed in Gaoyao County.
In June 1926, the National Revolutionary Army marched on the Northern Expedition, and Lu Deming's unit was reorganized into an independent regiment, which was later the famous Ye Ting Independent Regiment. Lu Deming still served as a company commander in this elite fist unit.
The achievements of Ye Ting's independent regiment do not require the author to spend more ink and ink, and everyone is cherished by everyone. What bloody battles in Youxian County, the capture of Liling, the Battle of Pingjiang, etc., this independent regiment is the most pioneering vanguard, the assault force of the Northern Expedition, countless large and small fierce battles, Lu Deming has the honor to participate.
Take the Battle of Tingsi Bridge, for example, this battle was extremely tragic, and Lu Deming, who died nine times, wrote a letter to his family after the war, and also remembered his battalion commander Cao Yuan sadly.
"In this battle, Bao'er's troops destroyed many enemies. Our unit also suffered heavy casualties, and the most uncomfortable thing was that our battalion commander Cao Yuan was shot and killed. When he was seriously injured, I lifted him up. He used his last strength and said Comrade Deming, I have no salvation, you take the comrades to rush! ”
Later, due to the heavy casualties of the troops, Lu Deming's performance was outstanding, and he eventually became the battalion commander of the second battalion of the Ye Ting Independent Regiment. After the capture of Wuchang City, the National Revolution began to form the Wuhan National Government Guard Regiment, and Zhang Fakui appointed Lu Deming as the head of this guard regiment, and Xin Huanwen as the regiment's political instructor.
Taking advantage of his position as regimental commander, Lu Deming arranged many Communist Party members with outstanding ideological progress and ability into the guard regiment, thus increasing the influence of our Party on this unit.
Later, after the collapse of the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, our Party was determined to arm itself against the wanton slaughter of the Right Wing of the Kuomintang. When the news of the Nanchang uprising came, Lu Deming and Xin Huanwen urgently led a guard regiment to Nanchang, Jiangxi, with the intention of strengthening the rebel army.
Thanks to their previous work, Lu Deming and the others successfully took away two of the four battalions of the guard regiment, and also took away the recruit battalion of another unit training near the guard regiment. Among them, the three battalions of the original guard regiment were reorganized into one battalion, with Yu Shandu as the battalion commander, the second battalion unchanged, and the new battalion reorganized into three battalions.
Just when Lu Deming and others were preparing to lead the troops to find the ferry, they learned the news that the old leader Zhang Fakui was blocking in front. In order to prevent zhang Fakui from disarming himself with his troops as soon as he landed on the Jiujiang River, Lu Deming and Xin Huanwen, after consultation, gave up the water route and chose the land route with a slower march.
On the way to Nanchang, Lu Deming and they encountered another unit, the Pingjiang Peasant Army of more than a thousand people commanded by Comrade Yu Benmin. They were also going to Nanchang to participate in the uprising, but after the two teams converged, they learned that the Nanchang uprising troops had lost the battle and had given up the news that Nanchang would continue to go south.
Lu Deming and the others had no choice but to lead their troops in pursuit, and in the Fengxin area, Hunan Province sent a letter asking Lu Deming and Xin Huanwen, as well as chief of staff Han Jun, to leave the team to pursue the troops of the Nanchang uprising alone, and the guard regiment under their command was handed over to Yu Shandu to march together with Yu Benmin's peasant army to the Xianggan border to stand by.
Lu Deming and the three of them could only obey the order and quietly returned to Wuhan to prepare to continue walking by water, met Xiang Jingyu, and the three learned of the party's latest plan - to launch an autumn harvest uprising, so they turned around and rushed back to the old troops.
Such a toss, a lot of variables. On the way back to the troops, the three were pursued by the enemy, Lu Deming turned the danger into a disaster, but Xin Huanwen was killed, and soon after Han Jun's arrest, because he could not resist the threat and temptation, he chose to defect to Chiang Kai-shek.
The conversation was divided into two ends, and just when Lu Deming was still sleeping in the wind and eating and rushing to the border of Xianggan and Gansu, Yu Shandu and the Yu Ben militia joined forces and directly attacked a group of defeated troops entrenched in Yongxiu County, and then contacted Su Junxian of the fourth phase of Huangpu. Su Junxian also had a unit under his command at this time, a peasant army he had recruited in the Liuyang area.
In order to prevent the troops from being attacked by the enemy, Yu Shandu urgently needed to change the vests of his troops. Looking for a big tree to cool off, Zhu Peide, the chairman of Jiangxi Province at the time, took them in. The newly formed unit had a new vest, called the "Provisional First Division of the Jiangxi Provincial Defense Army", with Yu Shandu as the commander of the division and Yu Benmin as his deputy.
In this unit, the stars were also shining, and later many famous generals of our army emerged. For example, Wu Zhonghao and Zhang Ziqing, and Chen Bojun and Deng Ping. Soon after, Luo Ronghuan arrived with the Chongyang Peasant Army they organized, which was reorganized into the division's special agent company.
On the eve of the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Lu Deming rushed back! When Lu Deming arrived at the troops' garrison to repair the water, the whole team was boiling! The spirit of the comrades was lifted, and the revolutionary enthusiasm was high. They produced hundreds of red flags and a large number of armbands overnight, ready for the arrival of the autumn harvest uprising.
The eve of the uprising requires careful planning and careful planning. At a military conference in Zhangjiawan, the leaders of the rebel army determined the issue of military operations and troop establishment and course of action after the uprising.
The main force of the rebel army was based on the provisional 1st Division of the Jiangxi Provincial Defense Army, which was currently in hand, and he was reorganized into the 1st Division of the 1st Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, Lu Deming's Seed Unit Guard Regiment as the first regiment, Yu Shandu as the division commander of the unit, Mao Zedong as the secretary of the Committee of Former Enemies, and Lu Deming as the commander-in-chief of the Autumn Harvest Uprising.
After the planning was completed, on September 9, 1927, the autumn harvest uprising, which was extremely important in the history of our party and our army, was finally launched.
Lu Deming led the first regiment (formerly the guard regiment) from the west gate of Xiushui County and camped in the area of Zhajin. The next day, the Zhuxi Water Plant was successfully captured, and then the progress was rapid, and the Longmen Factory in Pingjiang was captured. This day coincided with the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the troops marched while admiring the moon in the joy of victory in the first battle.
However, on the 11th, the situation began to change unfavorably. When Lu Deming attacked Changshou Street with the first regiment, he was suddenly ambushed by enemy reinforcements, and Qiu Guoxuan's troops, who were mixed with the rebel army, brazenly defected and attacked the first regiment. When the first regiment, which had been subjected to fierce fighting on its back for several hours, finally broke through successfully, there were already hundreds of outstanding revolutionary fighters spilling blood on the battlefield.
On the 14th, Mao Zedong called a meeting of the cadres of the Third Regiment in Liuyang, decided to terminate the plan to continue to attack Changsha, and informed the three regiments of the autumn harvest uprising to join together in Wenjia City to plan the next move.
Lu Deming received instructions from Mao Zedong on the way to the march, so he immediately summoned the cadres of the First Regiment to inform the spirit of the meeting. However, Yu Shandu insisted on attacking Changsha, and he refused to retreat to Wenjia City.
Lu Deming weighed it up and held that Mao Zedong represented the Central Committee, and although he was the commander-in-chief, he must also resolutely obey the leadership of the Committee of Former Enemies and must resolutely carry out the orders of Member Mao. In addition to Lu Deming's character of obeying the command, his instinctive sense of military smell made him see that if he continued to attack Changsha City, the rebel army was in danger!
Even though Yu Shandu was unhappy, the minority obeyed the majority, and the troops listened to Lu Deming's advice and rushed to Wenjia City to join Mao Zedong.
On the 19th, all the forces of the rebel army arrived in Wenjia City. That evening, Mao Zedong found a classroom in a nearby school and presided over an important meeting of the Committee of Former Enemies. Mao Zedong unfolded a map of Hunan, pointed to it and said:
"This is the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains, like an eyebrow, which is very suitable as our foothold and can be developed as a base." Revolutions must have a base, just as man must have an ass. Without an ass, there is no way to sit down, nowhere to sit down to rest, to walk all the time, it will not last. When we are sour and stand soft, we will eventually fall and the revolution will fail. ”
"But! If we have a base area, we will be able to rest at any time, regain our strength, and constantly replenish the strength of our ranks, so that the revolution can expand and develop and lead to victory. ”
Mao Zedong's lofty remarks were indeed unheard of by the cadres present. Yu Shandu insisted on opposing this, advocating that because of the short-term defeat, changsha city could not be defeated! He did not think that there would be a future in hiding in the mountains with his troops, and he felt that only by occupying Changsha City could he achieve revolutionary victory.
At this meeting, we can see that Mao Zedong has already conceived a plan to open up revolutionary base areas in the future, and these speeches can also be regarded as the rudiments of the strategic idea of "the countryside encircling the cities."
However, this strategy, which later proved effective, was resisted by many people at the time. In the eyes of opponents, Mao Zedong's approach is not very strange, and the only thing they can think of is the bandit who occupies the mountain as the king. After all, there is no precedent for success, where in history can the bandits in the mountains become a climate? Even if the good man of Liangshan was full of wind and water, didn't he finally declare failure and obediently go down the mountain?
Yu Shandu simply believed that as long as changsha city was taken, the autumn harvest uprising would be victorious. After listening to Mao Zedong's opinions and Yu Shandu's objections, Lu Deming resolutely sided with Mao Zedong. Lu Deming said:
"I firmly agree with Commissar Mao's opinion. This decision is very wise, at present we are on the verge of survival, the enemy has organized a large army to attack us, if we go to Changsha again, it is likely that the whole army will be destroyed. Marching toward the mountainous areas mentioned by Commissar Mao can avoid its sharp edge and preserve our strength. It is actually unwise for some comrades to be unable to withstand defeat and not be able to accept retreat. Strategic retreat has a bright future! Only by reversing the current dangerous situation can we strengthen the revolutionary forces! ”
After speaking, Lu Deming raised his right hand high and expressed support for Mao Zedong's proposal. Because Lu Deming was the commander-in-chief and had a very high prestige in the army, many comrades were embarrassed by his remarks, and after he raised his hand to vote, most of the comrades raised their hands in support of Mao Zedong.
In the end, Mao Zedong's correct opinion became the decision of this meeting and pointed out the direction for the future development of the revolutionary contingent. It can be said that if Lu Deming had not stood up and unequivocally supported Mao Zedong at a critical moment of great disagreement, perhaps the history of the Chinese revolution would have been rewritten.
The direction of the team became clearer, but Lu Deming's life entered the countdown.
In the early morning of September 23, 1927, the procession headed toward the mountain. Mao Zedong led the vanguard to open the way, Lu Deming and Yu Shandu were in the middle, and Su Xianjun led the third regiment to the rear of the palace.
In the area of Yamaguchi Rock, when Yu Shandu and Lu Deming also passed, they suddenly heard the sound of gunfire behind them. It turned out that a regiment of the warlord Zhu Peide and a local security regiment found traces of the rebels and rushed from Pingxiang to pursue them.
They soon exchanged fire with Su Xianjun's third regiment, Su Xianjun's third regiment, the military quality of the soldiers was far inferior to Lu Deming's old first regiment, and after hastily receiving the enemy, there was chaos in the position. Su Xianjun was unable to grasp his own troops, and in the confusion, he mistook the enemy for his own troops, and made major mistakes in command and deployment.
In order to meet the rapid breakthrough of the rearguard troops, and to ensure the safety of Mao Zedong, Lu Deming personally returned to support Su Xianjun with a company of troops.
After a fierce battle, the troops finally broke through, but Lu Deming's chest was penetrated by enemy bullets. The warriors fought and retreated, and the comrades who were seriously wounded and died could not be taken away.
Still
Mao Zedong, who was in the front army, heard the bad news of Lu Deming's unfortunate sacrifice and beat his chest in anger. He couldn't care about the injuries on his feet, and paced around the room in anger, and he rarely got angry, and angrily rebuked Su Xianjun, who was silent:
"You return me Lu Deming!" Give me three divisions and don't change them! You return my commander-in-chief! ”
Lu Deming was only 22 years old when he died, and later the troops went up Jinggangshan, but lu Deming's body was never found again.
It was not until 1977, after 50 years, that the local people's government confirmed that after Lu Deming led his troops to die in a fierce battle, the remains of Red Army soldiers all over the ground were not collected. The remains of most of the Red Army soldiers were buried by nearby villagers. Lu Deming's body, by a villager named Zhou Renbang, was quietly buried under the tea tree in his backyard.
Lu Deming's position in Mao Zedong's heart is very thick, he was a comrade-in-arms of Mao Zedong in the early days of the revolution, and he was also the most brilliant general star in the early days of the Red Army. If Lu Deming had gone up Jinggang Mountain alive, at least he would have been a figure of the same level as Mr. Zhu, and after the founding of the Country, the rank was assessed, and the marshal did not run, of course, this is only a hypothesis.
Although the stars are dazzling, they will eventually be a shooting star. alack! Deming!