There is such a group of children, they are rich in heart but can not communicate with people, they are as beautiful and lovely as normal children but immersed in their own lonely world, they have the moving name of "children of the stars".
Behind the romantic name, what exactly is autism in children? How does it look? How to intervene? Today, Xiaobian calls on everyone to pay attention to children's autism.
What kind of disease is autism and what are the dangers to children?
Autism, also known as autism spectrum disorder, also known as autism, is a type (group) of innate, congenital or diseased in infancy and young children, with social communication disorders, narrow interests, repetitive stereotyped behaviors and sensory abnormalities as the core characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders.
When it comes to the harm of autism, we can say that autism can have a serious adverse effect on the body and mind of the child, if not timely detection and early scientific intervention, moderate to severe autism can be disabling, mild autism can also have serious and complex social, emotional and behavioral problems.
Families with children are also often faced with heavy mental and financial stress. In recent decades, the incidence of autism has been increasing worldwide, and it is estimated that the average prevalence of autism worldwide is about 1%. Therefore, there is no doubt that autism has become a public health problem that has aroused great concern and attention from societies and governments around the world.
So what are the main manifestations of autism?
Autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder, the age of onset is in the infant stage, there are two forms of onset, one is in infancy to start the onset, about 2/3 of the children will be like this; and 1/3 of the children are experiencing a relatively normal stage of development, to about 1 and a half years old, there is no obvious reason to start the onset of the disease, the child's speech ability began to regress, the characteristic autism symptoms appeared.
Autism is characterized by three core symptoms, including social interaction disorders, communication disorders, narrow interest limitations, and repetitive behaviors.
In terms of social interaction, autistic children are qualitatively flawed. Children with autism are relatively lacking in terms of social interaction motivation, so they will be isolated, self-motivated, entertaining themselves, and do not take the initiative to interact with others, especially not with children of the same age.
They also don't pay attention to and lack of response to all kinds of social stimuli, so if they talk to him, he may simply ignore them, and there is no eye contact and interaction. For lighter or older children, they will have some interest and desire to communicate, but they will have difficulties in starting to communicate, for example, some children want to interact with others, but he does not know how to communicate, he just silently watches from the side;
Other children will use stereotypical language to interact with people, such as meeting children and asking "How old are you?" "Where does your home live?" There are also children who will use some strange behaviors to interact with people, such as hugging, relatives or pinching people's homes regardless of the occasion, which is the way to interact with people in his concept.
In the process of interacting with people, children with autism, due to their defects in emotional cognition and communication skills, often lack or lack of understanding of other people's emotions and psychological states and behaviors, so their emotional communication and interaction will have problems, they can not adjust their social behavior according to social scenes and social clues, they lack social communication skills and methods, and it is difficult to understand the rules of social interaction.
All this affects the quality of the child's social interaction and affects the child's social function. In addition to social interaction disorders, these children also have communication problems. Communication disorders include nonverbal communication disorders and verbal communication disorders.
In terms of nonverbal communication disorders, these children will have more obvious symptoms, but parents may not pay attention to them. For example, some children do not use nods and shake their heads to express agreement and disagreement, which is one of the manifestations of nonverbal communication disorder.
In terms of verbal communication disorders, parents pay more attention to it, and it is the most important reason why parents bring their children to the doctor. These children will have a series of problems in verbal communication, including speech development delay, may be two or three years old, three or four years old to start speaking, and even some children have no language for life, and some children may have language at the beginning, but the language regresses and begins to cause illness.
In addition, they have difficulty understanding speech, such as when we ask the child, "How old are you?" He'll tell you, "I'm so old." "Because he didn't know how old we were asking him. Some children with autism who have a relatively good intellectual development will also have problems in speech comprehension, and they cannot understand some humor and jokes very well.
Children with autism will also have abnormalities in the content and form of speech, such as immediate imitation, and you ask him "How old are you?" He would also say"How old are you?" "They will have delayed imitation, they especially like to listen to advertisements, they will repeat the advertising words with their own words;
They will have stereotypical and repetitive language, asking the same question repeatedly, repeating a topic that they are particularly interested in; their language and intonation will also be abnormal, and their grammar and sentence structure will also be abnormal;
They have a hard time describing things, having a hard time starting a topic, maintaining a topic, or communicating and communicating with people in repetitive language. In addition to this, children with autism will also be interested in narrow and stereotyped repetitive behaviors.
Their interests tend to be less, sometimes highly obsessive, and some of the things they are obsessed with are sometimes even very weird. For example, some children like to turn things, will turn the pot lid, turn around for half a day, enjoy it; some children especially like to listen to the sound of running water in the sewers;
Other children will repeatedly reverse the videotape and watch that TV, which is a manifestation of their limited interest. They also have a lot of stereotypical repetitive behaviors, such as repeatedly going up and down stairs, repeatedly playing with toys in one way, eating a meal, and not changing clothes.
Of course, each child's performance may be different, but repetitive, stereotypical characteristics are a typical performance in these children.
They will also have some refusal to change, for example, the position of the furniture at home cannot be changed, the teacher's hairstyle cannot be changed, and they will be very anxious after the change. They will also have a different reaction to some sensory stimuli than children of the same age or have some special interests, such as some children are particularly dull in pain, some children are particularly sensitive to certain sounds, and some children will chase others to smell others, or squint at things, and so on.
These children will also have some very strange, strange stereotyped repetitive actions or behaviors, such as looking at the hand, changing hands, turning their own circles, etc., which is also one of the manifestations of this kind of child's stereotyped behavior. These three core symptoms can have a very serious impact on a child's social functioning, and have a very serious impact on the child's development and his overall social functioning and adaptation.
What exactly causes autism?
In the first half of the last century, autism was first raised. For more than ninety years, scientists have never stopped exploring the causes of autism.
In the past two decades, some breakthroughs have been made, and it is now increasingly clear that heredity or genetic variation is an important cause of autism, and most autism is still closely related to mutations or mutations in genetic genes.
But do environmental factors have an impact on it? Scholars also believe that there are certain environmental factors, either natural environmental factors, or social environmental factors, but so far, experts have not found a certain natural environmental factor or a definite social environmental factor. We believe that the future will be further advanced, and we believe that the cause of autism can eventually be figured out.
Early detection of autism is the basis for early diagnosis and intervention. Early detection of autism is actually a systems project that needs to be implemented from a public health perspective. There are already many ways to help detect autism early.
One way is through extensive science publicity. Now in our country there is a lot of science publicity about autism, these science publicity can let parents understand the early clinical manifestations of autism, so as to be able to identify some of the child's symptoms, take the child to the doctor, find the child's autism problems. In terms of popular science publicity, the channels are very extensive, including television, radio, online media, parent classes, etc., which have played an increasingly important role in the popularization of autism.
The second way is to integrate autism screening into children's daily health care. Through the use of autism warning signs, disease clues, and screening scales, children with autism are found in daily health care. Of course, in this process, the training of child care doctors is very important, if the child care doctors have enough awareness, more knowledge, and good tools in this regard, it is very, very important to promote the early detection of these children.
The third way is the training of relevant personnel, including the training of kindergarten teachers and pediatricians, which are very important, and kindergarten teachers do have more and more knowledge about autism, and pediatricians also have more and more knowledge of autism. These have important implications for both early detection and diagnosis of autism.
It is not difficult to see that in fact, the early detection of autism mainly relies on the observation of children's behavior by parents and doctors. So as parents and child health doctors, how do they find autism in their children? What can they do if they initially suspect that a child is autistic?
Early detection of autism is very important because it provides a good foundation for early intervention. But for our parents and child health doctors, in fact, early detection of autism is still quite difficult, especially before the age of 1, the most experienced doctors may not be able to find, perhaps there may be some particularly sensitive parents can notice some clues before the age of 1, but most parents may not notice that some of the child's development will be different from normal children when the child is about 1 and a half years old, and maybe parents will take their children to see a child health doctor. Healthcare practitioners may also usually notice some early signs at this age.
When a child is about 1 and a half years old, if he does not look much, does not respond much, does not point much, does not say much, or behaves inappropriately, of course, it also includes less looking, less should, less fingering, less talking, misbehaving, such as whether your child and your gaze are not bad or not, or less; he is not very good at pointing at things, such as his mother asking "Where is Daddy?" "Will he use his hand to point a finger?" Mom and Dad come back from outside, will there be a good gaze between the child and Mom and Dad?
Between the ages of 1 and 1 and a half, 2 years old, will the child appear the first batch of meaningful language, such as seeing the mother say "mom", seeing the father say "dad", such a meaningful language, if these do not appear, accompanied by the appearance of like to look at the hand, turn things, look at the lights, always hold something in the hand, do not laugh when you should laugh, should not laugh when you are laughing, when there are some behaviors, parents should pay attention, this time you can take the child to see a doctor.
Here we also appeal to parents and friends to minimize their children's time alone and try to have more interactive companionship. Paying attention to children's autism requires not only paying attention to the children, but also paying more attention to and caring for the parents and families of children with autism.
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