During pregnancy, women in order to be able to supplement the nutrition needed by the body, so they will fully consume a variety of foods, if the diet is not reasonable, it may cause blood sugar to rise, resulting in gestational diabetes, gestational diabetes will affect the health of the mother and baby, and it is imperative to lower blood sugar during pregnancy.
01
What is gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to a pregnant woman who has abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy and is diagnosed with gestational diabetes if she meets certain criteria.
There are two cases of diabetes during pregnancy: one is the presence of diabetes before pregnancy, called diabetes mellitus pregnancy; the other is diabetes mellitus with normal glucose metabolism or potential glucose tolerance before pregnancy, and diabetes that appears or is detected during pregnancy, also known as "gestational diabetes".
The incidence of gestational diabetes in mainland China is increasing year by year, and most sugar mothers can generally return to normal after giving birth. The extent to which gestational diabetes affects pregnant mothers and fetuses generally depends on the diabetes condition and the level of blood glucose control.
02
How does gestational diabetes lower diabetes?
1) Exercise
Proper exercise during pregnancy can increase the body's sensitivity to insulin, which greatly increases the body's glucose utilization and reduces blood sugar. Regular and rhythmic aerobic exercise, such as walking and yoga, should be chosen, and the time of each exercise should be controlled within 30 minutes, 3 to 5 times a week, and the heart rate should be maintained 120 times per minute to avoid strenuous exercise.
2) Inject insulin
Gestational diabetes can not use oral hypoglycemic drugs, otherwise it will have a certain impact on the fetus. Blood sugar can be lowered by injecting insulin, but insulin can not be used for a long time, starting with insulin injections around 8 a.m. every day, and using moderate-acting insulin once after lunch and dinner can control postprandial hyperglycemia.
3) Dietary therapy
In life, try to use corn oil, soybean oil, etc. to cook food, try to choose steaming, boiling, cold mixing to cook, eat more fiber-rich foods, which can help improve blood sugar. Achieve a balanced diet, eat less and more meals as the principle, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, do thick and thin collocation, try not to be picky and not biased.
03
Risk factors for gestational diabetes
1) Age, weight and genetic factors
A prepartum body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2 has been found to be ≥ 35 years of age, and a family history of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia is a risk factor for GDM [2]. For every 5 years of age, the risk of developing GDM increases by 1.859 times. Pregnant women with a preconception BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 are at a 7.832 times higher risk of GDM than preconception BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2, and the rate of BMI growth during pregnancy is fast, and the incidence of GDM is also high. The incidence of GDM in pregnant women with a family history of diabetes is 7.777 times higher than in pregnant women without a family history of diabetes. Therefore, pregnant women with advanced age, pre-pregnancy obesity and a family history of diabetes should strengthen supervision, early identification and diagnosis, which can reduce the occurrence of maternal and infant complications.
2) Early pregnancy high blood
Normal high blood pressure (120 to 139)/(80 to 89)mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) and mild increase in blood pressure (140 to 149)/(90 to 99)mmHg in normal women in the first trimester of pregnancy have been shown to be independent risk factors for the development of GDM [3]. Therefore, blood pressure monitoring in the first trimester of pregnancy should be strengthened, and for patients with hypertension in pregnancy, early detection and timely intervention should be taken to reduce the incidence of GDM.
3) Other high-risk factors
Studies have shown that POLYCYS, a history of multiple spontaneous abortions without obvious causes, a history of fetal malformations, a history of delivery of a macrosomia, prolonged sedentary period, and habitual smoking are all high risk factors for GDM [4].
04
Diabetic harm in pregnancy
It can easily lead to hypoglycemia in newborns
The high blood sugar in the pregnant woman's body will cause the baby's high blood sugar through the placenta, and the baby will be prone to hyperinsulinemia, which will lead to excessive growth of the fetus, as long as it is easy to occur after birth.
Huge
Pregnant women's high blood sugar can easily lead to excess nutrition, excess nutrition will make the fetus absorb too much nutrients, exceeding the load, resulting in fetal macrosomia, birth will appear difficult to give birth to the pregnant woman itself and the fetus have certain harm.
The fetus is infected
Pregnant women's high blood sugar will directly affect the fetus through the placenta, the baby is particularly susceptible to infection, after infection, the baby's health will be threatened, and it is easy to be weak and sick after birth and even lead to organ malformations.
Respiratory failure
Pregnant women's blood glucose levels cannot be stabilized, so it will lead to delayed lung maturation in newborns, and they are prone to respiratory distress syndrome.
Hypocalcemia
Pregnant women's hyperglycemia is not conducive to the growth of the fetus, once the child is born after leaving the high blood sugar environment, if there is no time to supplement sugar, it is easy to lead to a decrease in sugar, the baby's red blood cell throcytosis, and the appearance of hypocalcemia.
Pregnant mothers with diabetes often drink more, eat more, have more urine, less weight (three more and one less, a typical symptom of diabetes), or recurrent candida infections of the vulvovaginal candida. There are also some pregnant mothers who feel tired and itchy skin, which are also common in normal pregnancies, so they are easy to ignore.
Pregnant mothers with gestational diabetes do not have to worry too much, generally through reasonable treatment and pay attention to diet, most pregnant mothers can make blood sugar well controlled, and the adverse effects of diabetes on mothers and babies are minimized.