Many female friends are very worried about the problem of miscarriage after they are pregnant with a child, so what are the characteristics and symptoms of miscarriage?
1. Threatened miscarriage is characterized by a small amount of vaginal bleeding before 8 weeks of pregnancy, followed by paroxysmal lower abdominal pain or low back pain. Gynaecological examination shows that the cervix is not open, the membrane is not ruptured, the products of pregnancy are not excreted, and the size of the uterus is consistent with the number of menopausal weeks. After rest and treatment, some patients improved. If the amount of vaginal bleeding increases or the pain in the lower abdomen increases, difficult miscarriage may develop.
2. Inevitable abortion means that abortion is inevitable. It developed from threatened miscarriage. At this time, the amount of vaginal bleeding increases, paroxysmal lower abdominal pain worsens or a vaginal effusion (rupture of membranes). On gynaecological examination, the cervical opening is dilated, and sometimes the embryonic tissue or fetal sac is blocked at the cervical opening, and the size of the uterus is consistent with or slightly less than the number of menopausal weeks. At this time, uterine contractions gradually intensify and continue. Pregnancy tissue may be partially or completely excreted and develop into incomplete or complete miscarriage.
3. Incomplete miscarriage refers to the fact that the product of pregnancy is partially excreted from the body and partly remains in the uterine cavity, which is caused by unavoidable miscarriage. Because the products of pregnancy remain in the uterine cavity, it affects the contraction of the uterus, resulting in continuous bleeding in the uterus, and even hemorrhagic shock due to excessive bleeding. In gynecological examinations, the cervical opening is dilated and blood continues to flow out of the cervical opening. To some extent, it can be seen that the placental tissue is blocked in the cervical opening, or that some of the pregnancy products have been excreted from the vagina while some remain in the uterine cavity. In general, the uterus is smaller than the number of menopausal weeks.
4. Complete miscarriage refers to the discharge of all pregnancy products, vaginal bleeding gradually stops, abdominal pain gradually disappears. Gynaecological examination: the cervix is closed and the uterus is close to its normal size.
5. Attempted miscarriage means that the embryo or fetus has died and remains in the uterine cavity, but has not yet been naturally excreted. Also known as embryo suspension in the first trimester of pregnancy. After the death of the embryo or fetus, the uterus no longer enlarges but shrinks, and the early pregnancy response disappears. If you have reached the second trimester, the woman's abdomen will not enlarge and the fetal movement will disappear. Gynaecological examination, the cervix is not open, the uterus is less than the number of menopausal weeks, and the texture is not soft. Fetal heart rate is not heard.
6. Miscarriage infection During the abortion process, if the vaginal bleeding lasts too long, remains in the uterine cavity or has an illegal abortion, it may cause intrauterine infection. In severe cases, the infection can extend to the pelvic, abdominal, and even systemic, with pelvic inflammatory disease, peritonitis, sepsis, and septic shock called miscarriage infection.
Causes of spontaneous abortion:
1. Embryonic dysplasia: abnormal pregnancy and eggs are the main causes of early miscarriage. In miscarriages in the first two months of pregnancy, about 80% of miscarriages are due to certain defects in sperm and eggs, which to some extent terminate embryonic development. Therefore, the original embryonic tissue is not seen in the excrement of this miscarriage.
2. Endocrine dysfunction: Fertilized eggs can implant in the uterine wall and develop into a fetus under the action of progesterone. When the secretion of progesterone in the body is insufficient, the uterine deciduous development affects the development of the fertilized egg and can easily lead to miscarriage. If prostaglandins increase, it can lead to frequent contractions and miscarriages of uterine muscles. A decrease in thyroid function can hinder the oxidation capacity of cells, which in turn affects the growth and development of embryos and miscarriage.
3. Systemic diseases of pregnant women: pregnant women have acute infectious diseases such as influenza, typhoid fever, pneumonia and so on. Bacterial toxins or viruses enter the fetus through the placenta, causing death from fetal poisoning. High fever promotes uterine contractions and leads to miscarriage. Pregnant women suffer from chronic diseases such as severe anaemia, heart failure, chronic nephritis and hypertension, which can cause fetal disability and miscarriage due to placental infarction and uterine hypoxia. Maternal malnutrition, particularly vitamin deficiency, mercury, lead and alcoholism, can lead to miscarriage.
4. Trauma: Pregnant women's abdomen is squeezed by external force impact, pregnant women fall or participate in heavy physical labor and violent exercise; abdominal surgery such as appendicitis or ovarian cyst surgery may lead to uterine contractions and miscarriage.
5. Placental dysplasia: the fetus grows and develops in the mother's body, and the mother's nutrition and oxygen are mainly transported to the fetus through the placenta. If placental dysplasia or disease occurs, the fetus stops growing without nutrients and oxygen, leading to miscarriage.
The next article will tell you what principles to follow to protect the fetus.