Written by | Zhao Libo
Inscription: The tragedy of Li Bai is that there is no Meng Haoran's steadfastness and resistance to job hunting, lack of Wang Wei's roundabouts and endurance; there is no Yan Zhenqing's bloody nature of seeing death as a homecoming, but the first chair of the Tang Poets is none other than him, only because his talent is unmatched.
On February 8, 701 AD, Li Bai, the greatest poet of the Tang Dynasty on the mainland, was born, thus becoming the most glorious spokesman for the atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty. Today, Li Bai no longer belongs solely to datang, but to the most great and respected and remembered national romantic soul of our Chinese nation. His poems take to the extreme the romantic realm that human beings can express. The blue sky, the bright moon, the Yangtze River, and the Yellow River all come with their hands. As Mr. Yu Guangzhong described, "The wine enters the intestines, seven points become moonlight, the remaining three points become sword qi, and when the embroidery mouth is spit, it is half a sheng tang." ”
Lee Bai Images
He always gave people a wild and flowing image, so that posterity thought that his life was spent in a very excited and happy uninhibited way. On the contrary, Li Bai's life was a life of ups and downs, contradictions, and setbacks, and finally because of his innocence and simplicity, in the fierce struggle for the succession of Li Heng, the son of Emperor Xuanzong, and Li Xuan, Li Bai almost died because he stood in the wrong line, thus letting him finish his life prematurely. On the edge of the Yangtze River, his haggard figure is like the moon of the Yangtze River, desolate and boundless.
(1) Li Bai is a collection of the strengths and weaknesses of all the literati in China, a flying Dapeng who leaps over the Tang Dynasty, such as flowing, binge drinking, swordsman, and immortal-seeking.
He came from a very prominent family. "The ninth grandson of King Zhao of Liangwu", "His ancestor Sui dynasty was very difficult, a room was stolen from broken leaves, scattered, and his name was hidden", and "The beginning of the divine dragon, escaped to Shu, and re-refers to Li Shu and gave birth to Boyang." But Guo Moruo conceitedly affirmed that "it was fabricated by Li Bai himself or his ancestors, and the purpose was to elevate his own door." "Guo Moruo (About Li Bai)" This is inevitably suspicious of the belly of the people. It is difficult to understand that Guo Moruo once wrote a large number of words praising Li Bai in the brushwork of "lifting Up Li and Degrading Du", but his disdain for Li Bai can be seen in many places, which is really incomprehensible.
Li Bai calligraphy
He claimed to be "less than seven feet tall, but his heart is full of ambitions", and people who have seen him say that he is "as good as a tiger", a pair of large eyes like tiger eyes, which can be known that the aura and spirit are quite outstanding. As for comparing himself to the Dapeng bird, he explained himself in the "Dapeng Fu": "Yu Used to see Sima Ziwei of the Tiantai in Jiangling, saying that Yu has a fairy wind Dao bone, which can be compared with the eight poles of the gods. Because of the roc meeting the hope that there are birds to be endowed with self-expansiveness. In Li Bai's view, he was the "Immortal" he said, that is, he came down to save Cangsheng. Conceit is like innate, in the early years of hard work to write articles, practice swordplay all made Li Bai more and more confident, he more than once boasted to people of his moral talent: "Less economic talent, anti-nest festival, literature can change customs, learning can study heaven and earth." "The Complete Works of Li Taibai" He planned for himself a grand life ambition and political ideal: "Shen Guan, Yan Zhi talk, seek the art of the emperor, strive for his wisdom, and be willing to be an auxiliary, so that the Huan District is fixed and the Hai County is clear." "Dai Shou Shan Answer Meng Shaofu Migration Document"
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For career choices, Li Bai is quite clear, that is, to be the prime minister, to be the prime minister, to be the prime minister! He walked "ten steps to kill one person, thousands of miles do not stay", he drank wildly "Shu Zhou Yu, Li Shi Bell, Li Bai and Er live and die together." At the age of fifteen, he was obsessed with the dream of seeking immortals, "fifteen gods and immortals, immortals have never stopped", so a good and flowing, proud shore, rich imagination, chivalrous Taoists, scribes, chivalrous guests, and prodigal sons are all in one.
(II) The Anshi Rebellion was the curve of Li Bai's fate in life that completely slipped, making him the most embarrassed literati.
The Anshi Chaos was like a crazy hurricane that swept away Li Bai's entire life and dreams. In the great chaos, the most painful are the people, and the most troubled are the poets. Because they are sensitive and full of devastation, they are burned inside; second, because they are confident and want to act according to their own logic when they see danger; third, because they are naïve and do not know that the logic of the chaotic world is completely different from their psychological logic, and their actions not only run into walls everywhere, but also appear ridiculous and pitiful, and it is obvious that Li Bai, who has always aspired to a lofty ideal, is such a typical character.
Anshi Rebellion
Just as Li Bai was living in seclusion on the Lushan Mountain, in December of the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), when he was anxiously analyzing the situation of the Anshi Rebellion, Li Xuan, the King of Yong, led his army from Jiangling to the east and toward Guangling. He sent Wei Zichun to persuade Li Bai to join the Yongwang shogunate, and Lady Li Bai, who was well versed in political turmoil, showed a far-sightedness and maturity than Li Bai, and persuaded her husband not to rush out of the mountains. However, Li Bai thought that this was his last important opportunity to realize the prosperity of the world, and Li Bai strongly expressed his grand plan of life to the visiting Wei Zichun: "Qi and wanli, visit me to Qiongdu, see the blue sky in the clouds, and talk about good pictures." Liu Hou will be QiLi, and the provenance is not cloudy. Finally with Ansheji, Gongcheng went to the Five Lakes. "The ideal is very full", after which he fell into the struggle of the Li clan for the succession of the Jiangshan, so that Li Bai completely fell into a huge whirlpool and almost swallowed it.
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(3) Everyone in the world wants to kill, Li Bai is a super Tang Dynasty star, who enjoyed a reputation at that time, why did they want him to be executed.
A large number of people in the world who are obsessed with Li Bai's poetry do not want to save him, but want to kill him. Only his old friend Du Fu was remembering him as "everyone in the world wants to kill, and I have no pity for him." At that time, the so-called people of the world were not ordinary people, but the mainstream of high-ranking officials and celebrities, politicians who secretly read Li Bai's works and excitedly circulated them to each other, and they all knew that he was a rare talent, rare in a thousand years, but on the other hand, they hoped that he would be executed. Hatred arising from jealousy, and a bad habit of looking forward to observing the suffering of life. Fortunately, Li Bai finally saved his life by exileing Yelang. From the perspective of understanding, Du Fu also deserved Li Bai's imprisonment. The "people of the world" in "everyone in the world wants to kill" also includes Du Fu himself, so he believes that Li Bai is "restored to the clouds and will be tired of the old body." ”
Drama Li Bai
After Du Fu escaped from the rebel army, he went to Lingwu to defect to Li Heng, the crown prince who became emperor, and this choice undoubtedly injected Du Fu's future with the score of "choosing the right choice". Even another of Li Bai's friends, Gao Shi, sided with Li Heng because of his "correct choice", and even Li Bai wrote him a letter in the prison under his jurisdiction, and did not even reply to it. The naïve Li Bai may have known that he and Gao Shi were drunk several times, but they could not exchange a word of comfort. We have no intention of harshly criticizing Gao Shi's widowhood toward Li Bai, but all this shows Gao Shi's political maturity and reality, and naturally his character and works can never be at the same level as Li Bai.
Drama Li Bai
Only Li Bai simply believed that as long as he followed Li's descendants to put down the rebellion, they would all serve the country and support the society. After that, Li Bai was shouted and killed by a large number of "people in the world", that is, the literati of high-ranking officials and dignitaries and mainstream public opinion. They want to kill the first poet of the Tang Dynasty, kill "the king does not see the water of the Yellow River rising from heaven", and kill "look up at the bright moon and look down at the hometown". Li Bai, who was once a superstar of Sheng Tang Dynasty, was actually executed by so many people, which shows that his amazing talent has aroused the envy of the crowd.
The water of the Yellow River rises from heaven
(IV) The unsuccessful career in the struggle for the throne was assigned to the night lang, which has since become the biggest foreshadowing of Li Bai's tragedy.
In 758, the 57-year-old Li Bai was exiled from Xunyang to Yelang, and overnight Li Bai was completely old. The exile of YeLang meant that all of Li Bai's ideals were completely disillusioned.
Li Bai had always wanted to support the world, but it was not until he was nearly the end of his life that he was summoned to the Hanlin Court through "public lifting", because he could not be tolerated by the magnates, and the two hanlin did not stay long, so they abandoned their officials and left the capital, and eventually became involved in the dispute between The Yong King and Tang Suzong for the throne. The Anshi Rebellion plunged Li Bai into a depression, when Li Bai took refuge in Lushan. Due to Li Bai's lack of real information from the outside world and the urgent mood of making meritorious achievements, he has now entered the political whirlpool.
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Emperor Xuanzong of Tang was mutinied at Ma Songpo and was forced to kill Yang Guozhong and Yang Guifei. After that, Tang Xuanzong parted ways with the crown prince Li Heng. Emperor Xuanzong entered Shu, and Li Heng took the throne at Lingwu, for Emperor Suzong of Tang, and Emperor Xuanzong of Yaozun as Emperor Taishang. Li Heng's ascension to the throne was also not legal, but Emperor Xuanzong was first rebelled by An Lushan, and then forced to kill the noble concubine at Ma Songpo, he was already disheartened, and he tacitly accepted that he was suddenly honored as the emperor of Taishang by the crown prince. But his son could not accept it. Emperor Xuanzong's sixteenth son, Li Xuan the Prince of Yong, under the banner of Jingnan, recruited troops and horses, and marched eastward, in fact, he took the opportunity to expand his territory and wanted to become emperor by taking advantage of the chaotic world.
Anshi Rebellion
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang issued an edict on the way to Western Shu, delegating the power of the military state to the princes and local military and political leaders, allowing them to recruit troops and expand their troops to quell the rebels. However, the crown prince Li Heng did not listen to Emperor Xuanzong's edict, supported the army in Longxi, and usurped the throne to seize power. When The Yong King Li Xuan went out to tour the east, he learned that Li Bai was living in seclusion in Lushan, so he issued several letters of appointment, and Li Bai finally decided to go down the mountain and enter his shogunate after several hesitations. During the Yongwang Eastern Tour, Li Bai wrote eleven songs of the Yongwang Eastern Tour. King Yong was soon defeated, and Li Bai was arrested and imprisoned for it. After the defeat of king Yong, the right minister Cui Zhuo announced that he would comfort Jiangnan and collect talents. Li Bai asked for help, and Song Ruosi, a zhongcheng stationed in Xunyang, rescued Li Bai from prison and let him join the shogunate. Cui Zhuo exonerated those implicated in the "Yongwang Incident", but offended his colleagues and subordinates, was deposed from his post as right minister, and demoted to Taishou. Li Zheng, the official who succeeded Cui Zhuo in handling the "Yongwang Incident", overturned the closed case and retried it, and re-arrested the released personnel. Song Ruosi asked Li Bai to hide first, and soon, Li Bai, who was hiding in the former residence of Sikongyuan in Qianshan County, was arrested and later sentenced to exile Yelang.
Drama Li Bai
(v) His poems are as clean as they have been washed, and people love Li Bai infinitely, hoping to make his ending a little better.
Regarding Li Bai's death, his uncle Li Bingyang said that he was "ill", that is, he died of depression. In the twelfth year of Yuan He (817), Fan Chuan, who had "the old family" with Li Bai, was writing the "New Tombstone and Preface", and in this serious inscription, the cause of Li Bai's death was not explicitly stated, only "Pan Huan Liju, who died here." "Brush it off. The Old Book of Tang Li Bai's Biography, compiled during the Five Dynasties period, said that he "died of excessive drinking."
Li Bai film and television image
This statement may be indiscriminately coveted in the poem "Jing Li Bai Tomb" of the late Tang Xiangsi: "The night lang returned to the old age and died drunk on this riverside." The "New Book of Tang Dynasty Li Bai Biography" compiled by the Song Dynasty is simply not mentioned, indicating that the cause of Li Bai's death is becoming more and more confusing, and the above several theories are not suitable for inclusion in the scope of canonical history. However, Li Bai is too important to history and the people, the more so, the more posterity speculates, and even appears drunk and fishing for the moon to death, in short, Li Bai in a moonlit night, a boat, in the soft moonlight completely let Li Bai not distinguish between true and false, and finally "with the hand to get the moon", resulting in drowning and death, "to the cattle Nagisa, catch the moon with wine, sink in the water." "Tang Caizi Passed on Li Bai", so far Li Bai's drowning was smeared with a layer of charm that matched his demeanor.
Drama Li Bai
The Song Dynasty Hongmai's "Rong Zhai Essays" recorded this more objectively: "The secular Li Taibai was painting stones, because he was drunk on the river, he saw the moon shadow and took it, so he drowned." Therefore, there is a catch platform in the ground. According to ancient sayings, any drowning person cannot carry out mourning activities, so the Song Dynasty Zhu Mu questioned and reasonably speculated about Li Bai's death in his "Fang Yu Sheng": "And the theory of catching the moon, is it not ancient to hang, so Shi Shi is Bai Zhenye? Or is the novel more vain and the poetry is old and curious, so it is new? "No matter how our great romantic poets end up, presumably any illusion of Taibai's destination into beauty is a reverence for him. Li Bai's poems are as clean as they have been washed, he is insurmountable and cannot be copied, and for eons, Li Bai has only one. And Li Bai's demeanor and temperament were all integrated into the soul depths of Chinese. Near the quarry rock, I saw the inscription written by Mr. Yu Qiuyu for Li Bai, the text is affectionate and concise, and anyone with a slight cultural foundation can read it clearly. It is reproduced below, so that we can express our highest respect to the sage Li Bai.
Quarry rocks
"This is the quarry rock, the place where Li Bai passed away." Tracing back three thousand miles, Qu Yuan's birthplace. Tracing back two thousand miles, Qu Yuan was upside down. Tracing back a thousand miles, the eastern slope of the penal colony. These top poets, or born by the river, or cry by the river, or sing along the river, or look for the river and die, it can be seen that the level of this river has long ascended to the pole. I once asked: Among the world's famous mountains and rivers, where is the highest poetry? The answer should be undoubted: the number of miles of the Yangtze River is the first. ...... Li Bai came from the sky, and with the power of the two rivers, he searched for his hometown all the way and returned to this river. Therefore, the ground was formed, gathering the feelings of the ages, and announcing that the desert smoke and water, the world must not be without poetry. Poetry is the rhyme of life, and poetry is the sending of ideals. Since there was a flourishing Tang Dynasty, China is inseparable from poetry; since there was Li Bai, Kyushu is full of energy. ”