Weicheng is light and dusty towards the rain, and the guest house is green and willow-colored.
Persuade the jun to drink a glass of wine, and go out of the west to yang guan without a reason.
【Tang Wang Wei】
Mention of Yang Guan, and this popular poem will immediately come to mind.
Originally built in Yangguan during the Reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Yangguan is located on the "Antique Beach" in Nanhu Township, 70 kilometers southwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. During the Western Han Dynasty, it was the seat of Yangguan Capital, Yangguan County was set up here during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and Shouchang County was set up in the Tang Dynasty, which was gradually abandoned after the Song and Yuan Dynasties with the decline of the Silk Road. The old Dunhuang County Chronicle referred to Yumen Pass and Yangguan as "Two Passes Relics". Hexi "lists four counties and according to two passes", and the two passes refer to Yumen Pass and Yang Pass. It is an important pass in the southern part of the Silk Road, and it is also a strategic place that must be fought for by ancient warriors.
According to the "Records of Yuanhe County", Yangguan is in the west of the county (Shouchang County). To the south of Juyumen Pass, it is known as Yang Pass (Note: The ancients took the north of the mountains and rivers as yang).
Yangguan was abundant in ancient times, and Wowachi and Xitugou were its largest independent water sources, at least three or four thousand years ago, this was an oasis basin, and there are still relics of the Huoyangou culture. The generals have fought here, the merchants, monks, envoys, and tourists have verified the pass here, and the literati and rioters have sighed and written immortal poems here. The high monk Xuanzang returned from India to China, and it was only when he entered Yangguan in the east that he returned to Chang'an.
Yangguan was slowly abandoned during the Sui and Tang dynasties due to water destruction and sand burial. At present, only the Dundun Mountain, known as the "Yangguan Ear and Eye", stands on the Gobi Desert.
According to legend, in order to maintain friendly and harmonious relations with the western region of Khotan, Tang Tianzi married his daughter to the king of Khotan. When the emperor married a princess, he naturally brought a rich dowry, gold and silver jewelry, and everything. However, when the sending team came to Yangguan after a long journey to rest and recuperate, the night encountered a fierce wind and yellow sand, and this wind has been blowing for seven days and seven nights. When the wind stopped and the sand stopped, the towns, villages, fields, the sending parties and dowries were all buried under the sand dunes, and from then on, the place was deserted. Over time, the quicksand moved, and the objects under the dunes were exposed to the ground and picked up by people. It is said that the locals once picked up golden foals and elaborate general swords here. Whether this legend is a wild or canonical history is unknown.
Image Caption:
1. [Tang] Wang Weishi said: "Weicheng is raining and dusting, and the guest house is green and willow-colored." Persuade the jun to drink a glass of wine, and go out of the west to yang guan without a reason. "Yangguan is an indispensable memory for people, a spiritual hometown. The picture shows the statue of Wang Wei on the Yangguan site.
2. In 121 BC, in order to resist the harassment of the frontier by the Xiongnu, the Western Han Dynasty set up the four counties of Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang in Hexi, and jianyang pass and Yumen pass at the same time. Today, only the Dundun Mountain, known as the "Eyes and Ears of Yangguan", stands on the Gobi Desert.
3. The "Examination of Xiguan Ruins" says that the antique beach is Yangguan after the Han Dynasty, but according to the Qing "Gansu Xintongzhi" and "Dunhuang County Chronicle", it is believed that the Hongshan Pass is Yangguan. With the water as a pass, according to the danger of Sichuan, Yangguan has two major water sources, South Lake and West Tugou, and it is impossible for the camel caravan to reach Dunhuang if it is not replenished here.
4. Guan Fu relics after the Song Dynasty.
5. "You take your Yangguan Road, and I cross my canoe bridge." This saying that has been passed down for thousands of years originates from Wang Wei's poem "Send Liu Si Straight to Anxi": "Absolute YangGuan Dao, Hu Sha and Sai Chen." ”
6. After the sui and Tang dynasties were abandoned, Yangguan was slowly deserted. The site "Antique Beach" is named after the fact that the ground once exposed a large number of Han Dynasty cultural relics such as copper arrows, ancient coins, stone mills, pottery cups, etc.
7. Yangguan was an important pass for the Han Dynasty to defend against the invasion of the nomadic peoples in the northwest, and after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, with the decline of the Silk Road, Yangguan was gradually abandoned.
8. The civil administrator Xue Sheng and his wife Ma Yuhuan have been guarding the pass for 32 years in the barren mountains and wild mountains under the beacon. There is a magical spring in front of its door, and there are crystal clear red grapes on the shelf, which makes people immediately make up their minds: "Grape wine luminous cup, want to drink pipa immediately urge." Drunkenly lying on the battlefield Jun Mo smiled, and Gu Lai conquered several people back. [Wang Han's "Liangzhou Words"]
9. The corridor of inscriptions of past dynasties can not only enjoy the poetry and calligraphy of contemporary celebrities, but also hang the ruins of Guyangguan, and also overlook the natural scenery of oases, deserts and snow peaks.
10. Yangguan Museum has an existing Hansey exhibition hall and a Silk Road exhibition hall, which is an important window to understand the history of Yangguan.
11. The "Silk Road" in the western region is also a cultural road, a road for the eastern transmission of Buddhism, and a road for the integration of the world's four major civilizations.
12. The development of ancient military culture and the development of multi-ethnicity in the border areas of the Silk Road have far-reaching significance.
13. The Yangguan Museum complex includes: Liangguan Hansai Museum, Silk Road Pavilion, Hanque Archway, Yangguan Duwei Mansion, etc.
14. The rebuilt YangguanGuanCheng, an antique residential street, etc. The picture shows the Guancheng customs clearance inspector.
15, camel worker Zhang Wenyue - dunhuang Longxi Bridge old camel worker, ancestors from longxi migration of the old camel household, now the scenic spot to lead camel ferry tourists for a living.
Please indicate the source of the reprint: "Silk Road Folk Memory"
Introduction of Han Lianyun, the author of the original graphic of this public name: The photographic works have won the first "Tianshan Literature and Art Award" of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the special prize of the first Xinjiang Folk Photography Exhibition, the gold medal and the silver medal of the Autonomous Region Cultural Heritage Photography Exhibition; 11 pictorial books such as "The Last Watch of Ancient Civilization - Flame Mountain", "Illustration of Xinjiang Folk Crafts", "Daolang - Vision from the Perspective of Anthropology" have been published successively; 6 of its folklore photographic pictures have been selected by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Institute of Ethnic Minorities), Collection of the Museum of Chinese Nationalities (national level).