The Ministry of Education released the "Kindergarten Childcare Education Quality Assessment Guide" on February 15, 2022, which detonated the circle of friends, in which the indicators and assessment standards clearly pointed out the direction of kindergarten education, found the grasp of action, of which the content of environmental creation and material delivery has triggered a fierce discussion, let's take a look at the description of the "Kindergarten Childcare Education Quality Assessment Guide":
It is not difficult to see from the main points of examination that the Ministry of Education attaches great importance to the quality of environmental toy materials, and this quality reflects the following six points:
Lowly structured to meet the diverse play situation needs of young children.
A wide variety of individual play intentions to meet the different young children' individual play.
Sufficient quantities to meet the needs of multiple young children to play together and play in parallel.
Real materials, reducing the use of electronic devices, encourage young children to interact with more real, more lifelike materials.
Toddler perspective, equipped with picture books that meet the age characteristics and cognitive level of young children.
Pushing out the new, attaching importance to the inheritance of national culture and the development of modern life.
At the beginning of the new semester, how to adjust the materials in the class area in response to the requirements of the "Kindergarten Childcare Education Quality Assessment Guide"?
If you also have such confusion, please read this article carefully, which may subvert your perception of material delivery. In the autonomous game, we define the district corner as the place where the materials are stored, based on the child's interests, according to the types of basic materials required for children's different games, the classroom space is divided into five basic area corners, which are the building block area, the family area, the art area, the toy area, and the book area.
— Family Quarter —
The corner is a place to store materials related to children's family life and to carry out role-playing games. Children in the family area will generally have doll roles, playing, eating and cooking and other game intentions. In the delivery of materials, teachers are prone to fall into the following misunderstandings:
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frequently asked questions
There is a single type of character material: only professional clothes such as police and nurses, and the materials for the doll's family to take care of the baby are limited to a single material such as dolls, beds, and bottles.
There are too many simulated materials: for example, some fruits made of non-woven fabrics, or pizzas made of clay, woks, etc.
Teachers' self-made materials are too many: Common self-made materials are teachers' self-made decorative materials, such as small hospitals, banks, etc. made of foam boards, and there is no shortage of self-made play teaching aids, but such teacher-preset materials are difficult to continuously attract children's interest, and it is more difficult to stimulate children's deep play.
How to handle it
Supplementary role-playing materials: like doctors, policemen, takeaway workers, cooks, traffic police, firefighters, couriers, and other social roles, dad, mom, grandpa, grandma and other family roles; there are also some fairy tale anime peripherals, such as Princess Elsa, Superman and other costumes and some peripheral materials; doll home materials, is to take care of the baby's series of materials (toy dolls, plush toys, toy beds, pillows, small blankets, baby products, small shoes, sweat towels, strollers, diapers, etc., as far as possible to restore the real situation of the materials required. In terms of quantity, prepare two copies of the same kind of material as much as possible, and there can also be differences in size, style, etc. (for example, they are all police hats, and 2-3 hats of different police types can be prepared).
Replace simulated materials with real ones: Kitchen materials can provide real pots and pans, and teachers can work with parents to collect some real materials. This kind of material is not only enjoyed by children, but also allows them to get more real experience from it. Family zones are especially important for small class children, because the vast majority of small class game experience comes from the family, and familiar real materials can also greatly alleviate children's separation anxiety. As the social experience of kindergarten children becomes more and more abundant, the proportion of materials that are put into the stock can be based on real materials of social experience.
Reduce teachers' self-made materials: Self-made materials are not only time-consuming and laborious, but also not playable, so homemade materials are minimized or even completely absent, so that teachers have more energy to study which real and high-quality materials are worth putting in the area, and can produce deeper interaction with children's games.
— Toy Zone —
The corner is a place to store all kinds of puzzles, puzzles, scientific exploration materials and tools, and children generally play rules, inquiry and puzzle games in the indoor toy area. Some teachers will have the following misunderstandings when they deliver materials:
Too many high-structure materials: Most of the toys on the market are mainly high-structure, such as toys that cut cakes, all of which have fixed play methods and rules, and children may feel fresh for the first time, and they will lose interest in playing for a long time.
Scientific materials are too complex: complete sets of exploration materials, such as light and shadow refraction, a set of toys with different glass pieces, a flashlight, a circuit board, the purpose is to let children explore the light and shadow refraction, reflection law and circuit connection principle, but because it is too complex, children need guidance to complete, which is inverted, evolved into an adult preset "fake game".
Rule materials beyond the level: children's cognition is from figurative to abstract, rule games require abstract thinking logic, for most children is difficult to enter the preset rules, such as the release of Go materials, in the game link, children will usually assume such materials as bullets, rice, raindrops and other imagery to play.
Rich low-structure materials: All kinds of accumulated toys like Lego, snowflakes, magnetic sheets, water pipes, etc., as well as some Montessori mathematical materials, are able to appear in different child play situations and realize value, so the number and variety of low-structure materials is more and more.
Put some basic scientific exploration tools: including a variety of scales, a variety of timing tools, a variety of lengths of measuring tools, iron absorbing stones, compasses, flashlights, screwdrivers, etc., can be placed in the toy area, the toy area of the kindergarten can put more life-related scientific measurement tools, can give children more mathematical experience, to support children to make better early articulation.
Puzzle materials are moderately difficult: rule-based puzzle materials, such as chess and cards, dominoes, mahjong, dice, etc., it is worth noting that rule-based materials do not force children to play according to the rules.
— Art District —
The corner is a place for visual and auditory arts materials, including former art and music materials. Children will have more music and art play intentions in the art district, compared to other areas, material placement problems are relatively small, but there are still some misunderstandings:
There are few types of materials, insufficient quantities of consumables, and lack of detailed decorative materials.
Timely replenishment of consumables: The mission of materials used for fine art creation is to be consumed, paper, pen, pigment, sponge, glue, adhesive materials, including a variety of double-sided adhesives, tapes, solid glues, etc. are filled in time when they are used up, and pay attention to sufficient quantities to avoid scrambling.
Rich types of materials: The types of various consumables also need to take into account diversity, such as the types of paper, including paper bags, cartons, packaging paper, coated paper, colored paper, cardboard, kraft paper, corrugated paper, cellophane, white cardboard, white paperboard, composite paper, printing paper, color printing paper, etc. Different materials give children different artistic experiences.
Sorting out children's works: Past works are collected into volumes, especially the three-dimensional display of wall works display boxes in the last semester, which can be collected into children's portfolios in document bags to make room for the display of works in the new semester.
The art district can also put some music-related materials such as sand hammers and triangle irons to meet the needs of the music situation.
— Building Blocks —
The corner is where the materials needed for large-scale construction games are stored. The brick area is the most attractive place for children to play cooperatively in the many corners of the district.
There are no large-scale construction materials: young children's desire to build needs to be met in time. When children use small unit blocks to build, often to the closing area bell rings, the children want to build the work has not been built; more importantly, the children's theme construction if there is no support for large blocks, it will lack a deeper game linkage and game experience. For example, after the child wants to build a "castle", he and his friends play the situation of a prince, knight or war game.
Only the main material has no auxiliary materials: the building block game should be more than building, if the child's building game is more in-depth, it is necessary to use the corresponding auxiliary materials to enrich the construction of the work. For example, we will find that children will be very keen to build bridges and roads, when the bridges and roads are built, if there are road signs, signs, toys and other materials next to them, you can enrich the situation of bridges and roads, if there are different kinds of toy cars, children can simulate driving in their own bridges and roads, resulting in more and richer storylines.
Too many waste recycled materials: cartons, milk cartons, foam or plastic building blocks this kind of waste materials are often seen in the building block area, this type of material can be used as auxiliary materials, but should not be noisy, because the carton is too light, easy to dump, can not be a good load-bearing, for the child's construction intention is more difficult to achieve.
Wood materials: If the building blocks of the new semester are to be purchased, it is best to use moisture-proof and anti-corrosion wood materials, hollow large blocks are the best, and building blocks with larger space are the best. This kind of material can quickly support the completion of children's construction intentions, and further promote the more in-depth game development in the well-built games.
Supplementary auxiliary materials: According to the child's interests, select the auxiliary materials of the corresponding situation and put them in the building block area, for example, if the child likes to build a bridge, you can put all kinds of toy cars, professional dolls, animals and plants, various traffic signs, traffic police clothing, etc. (also need to make appropriate adjustments to the needs of more children).
Replace damaged materials: Broken waste materials can be thrown away, plastic toys are damaged, and there are safety hazards.
— Library —
The corner of the district is the place where all kinds of picture books, books, magazines and other reading materials are stored, the book area has always been an unpopular area, and the teacher also has more or less misunderstandings in the material delivery in the corner of the district:
Books are not interesting: Some class books are always those few books a semester, and there is no interest for children. Children in the preschool stage are still difficult to understand the connotation of the book, and more is the perception and imitation of the Chinese words and books of the book, so the delivery of the book needs freshness. However, teachers also need to be screened when placing books, and the types of picture books of different ages are also different.
There are many forms of books, but in some classes, the styles and types of books seen in some classes are more single.
No writing materials: Writing materials are more difficult to see in the book area, when the paper and pen are placed in the book area, the child's pre-literacy and pre-reading can achieve the conversion of forward writing through the act of writing, writing and drawing.
(The Ministry of Education issued the "Guidelines for The Quality Assessment of Kindergarten Childcare Education" on 2.15)
Deliver high-quality books: Teachers must check the quality of books, just as required in the "Kindergarten Childcare Education Quality Assessment Guide", with books that meet the age characteristics and cognitive level of young children. For example, as far as picture books are concerned, the child's cognitive law is according to: heavy pictures light text - picture and text correspondence - shallow depth of the stage of development, in simple terms, small classes focus on the pictures of the main books, large classes can put picture books with literary depth; in addition, the picture books that reflect traditional Chinese culture and modern life are also very educational, and can be screened and put in.
Supplementary book types: There are many types of picture books, from the design form, there are flip books, organ books, cave books, pop-up books, ground books, layout books, etc.; from the literary form, there are knowledge picture books, poetry picture books, story picture books, prose books, etc.; in addition to picture books, there are newspapers, magazines, are children in life can be contacted, can be used as a form of supplement.
Enrich the reading and writing environment: The teacher can increase the comfort of the overall external environment to attract children, put some cushions, sofa floor cushions. For the small class book area, Xiaobian very much recommends that the teacher put floor mats and tents, children like semi-private space very much, for the large class book area, there must be regular tables and chairs benches, because the children in the large class may have the intention of graffiti when reading books, so it is also necessary to have paper and pen to meet the writing needs.
Children's learning is to direct perception, personal experience, and actual operation in the gradual construction of cognitive experience, so in the creation of the environment, the material is the top priority, no material, there is no game, so how to put materials to the maximum extent to support and meet children's games, today with you to share around the five basic areas of independent games, the main points of material delivery, I hope to be able to help everyone.
Authoring | Yang Yanxin
Edit | Li Yunyun