Although shanghai's charging and replacing infrastructure construction has achieved remarkable results, with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, there are still some difficult problems that have not been solved.
Text | Peng Suping
The local planning of the latest charging and replacing infrastructure construction has begun to land.
On February 24, the General Office of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government issued the Implementation Opinions on Further Promoting the Construction of Charging and Replacing Infrastructure in shanghai (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions). The "Opinions" proposes to form a moderately advanced urban charging network to meet the charging needs of more than 1.25 million electric vehicles by 2025, and the city's vehicle-to-pile ratio is not higher than 2:1.
The "Opinions" put forward a total of 22 specific measures in 6 aspects to further promote the construction of charging and replacing infrastructure in Shanghai, including strengthening the overall coordination of facility layout, formulating special plans for charging and replacing facilities in five new cities, and strengthening the construction layout of higher standards for charging and replacing infrastructure in key areas.
In terms of the construction of charging and replacing infrastructure, the state has issued guidance documents. In January this year, the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Energy Administration and other departments jointly issued the Implementation Opinions of the National Development and Reform Commission and Other Departments on Further Improving the Service Guarantee Capacity of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as the Implementation Opinions), and the Shanghai Opinions also continued the thinking of the Implementation Opinions in terms of planning and measures, and refined them on this basis.
Whether it is a top-level guidance document or a local plan, the common direction of charging and replacing infrastructure construction is no longer to simply pursue scale, but to emphasize refined operation. "The previous charging and swapping infrastructure has completed the exploration from 0 to 1, and will develop in a more refined direction in the next few years, which is beneficial to the development of the industry and operators." On the evening of February 24, Tong Zongqi, director of the information department of the China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance, told the think tank Jun.
Community charging is the focus of the attack
In the "Implementation Opinions", "accelerating the construction and installation of charging facilities in residential communities" is the first article, which is also the area repeatedly mentioned in the "Opinions" issued by Shanghai this time.
The "Opinions" proposed that it is necessary to improve the coordinated promotion mechanism for the construction of charging facilities in the community. Specifically, it is necessary to consolidate the responsibility for the localization of charging and replacing facilities in each district, and establish a coordinated promotion mechanism for the construction of charging facilities in the old community and the new community, of which the old community takes the sharing of "one pile and many vehicles" as the principle, and the construction of shared charging facilities is included in the scope of comprehensive transformation of the community, and the new community is equipped with the principle of "one car and one pile".
Previously, the "Implementation Opinions" also put forward several aspects, including improving the promotion mechanism for the construction of charging facilities in residential communities, promoting the construction of charging facilities in existing residential communities, strictly implementing the requirements for the construction of new residential communities, and innovating the business model of charging services in residential communities.
Community charging has become the focus of the layout of charging and replacing infrastructure, because the development of new energy vehicles in the mainland has entered a new stage of development. Tong Zongqi told the think tank Jun that from the second half of 2020, the promotion and application of new energy vehicles has shifted from policy-driven to market-driven, last year's sales of new energy vehicles rose sharply, C-end market demand began to release, for C-end consumers, the most convenient charging method is community charging, so the infrastructure layout of this piece should keep up.
Tong Zongqi believes that there are five main aspects to solve the problem of residents charging in the community. One is the pile with the car, the second is the unified construction and operation, the third is the private pile sharing, the fourth is the public charging of the community, and the fifth is the storage and charging of the integrated pile. In the "Opinions", in addition to the relatively new technical route of the storage and charging pile, other aspects are involved.
Storage and charging pile built-in 2-4 battery packs, can store about 80-200 degrees of power, can not only charge new energy vehicles, but also in the trough of electricity storage, can effectively alleviate the problem of power grid capacity tension during peak periods, the technology is still in the early stages of promotion and application.
It is worth mentioning that the "Opinions" also incorporate the role of car companies into the construction of charging and replacing infrastructure. It is proposed to implement the responsibility of the construction of charging facilities of automobile manufacturers, establish a relevant responsibility implementation evaluation system, incorporate the implementation of charging facilities for consumers by automobile manufacturers into the policy evaluation system for the sale of electric vehicles in Shanghai to enjoy special licenses, and adopt methods such as enterprise commitments, enterprise self-inspection, regular reports, and third-party sampling inspections to strengthen supervision during and after the event, and consolidate the responsibility of automobile manufacturers for the construction of charging facilities.
No longer pursue the ultimate vehicle-to-pile ratio
For 2025, the vehicle-to-pile ratio target set in Shanghai is 2:1, which is not strict. In the early years, the industry planned and built at a 1:1 level, that is, a car should be equipped with a pile, but with the development of the new energy vehicle market, the industry gradually realized that the concept of vehicle pile is not significant, because different models and different segments are different.
Tong Zongqi previously pointed out in an exclusive interview with the think tank Jun that the vehicle-to-pile ratio can not accurately reflect the proportion of new energy vehicles and charging infrastructure development, and now the ownership of new energy vehicles in the country is more than 7 million, while the overall car ownership is 300 million, the proportion of new energy vehicles is still very small, compared to the vehicle-to-pile ratio, we should pay more attention to how to solve the problem of model charging in different segments.
No longer simply pursuing scale or the ultimate vehicle-to-pile ratio, the "Opinions" pay more attention to the refined operation of charging and replacing infrastructure, shifting from the original balanced development to focusing on the focus, and also shifting from construction to construction and management.
In fact, in the past few years, Shanghai has attached great importance to the development of the charging and swapping industry, and has become one of the cities with the most complete charging and swapping networks in the world. The latest data show that by the end of 2021, the total number of charging piles in Shanghai has exceeded 500,000, while the number of new energy vehicles has exceeded 620,000, and the vehicle-to-pile ratio has been as low as 1.3:1, which is also at the leading level in the country.
On the one hand, the contradiction of charging difficulties still exists, the parking space in the old residential area is seriously insufficient, the power capacity is limited, and the conditions for the construction of facilities are poor; some newly built communities have not implemented space and power capacity reserves as required, and there is also the problem of difficulty in landing facilities; public areas are "more and less" Contradictions coexist, on the one hand, the utilization rate of facilities is not high, enterprises have slowed down the pace of construction, on the other hand, due to the high proportion of AC slow charging "zombie piles" and the phenomenon of many oil car occupancy, users still think that there are few available facilities.
On the other hand, the management mechanism of charging and replacing infrastructure is not yet perfect. The support policy system based on guidance is not supported by mandatory measures, and there is a lack of restrictions on blockage problems such as "zombie piles" and oil truck occupancy, which also causes the promotion of smart charging piles to be slow, and the limited power capacity cannot play a greater role through orderly charging, which is not conducive to improving the safety level of charging.
In the next few years, the development of domestic new energy vehicles will go to a higher level, charging and replacing infrastructure construction will also face higher requirements, as mentioned in the "Opinions", it is also necessary to strengthen multi-party participation, establish a benign development mechanism of government guidance, market leadership, and social coordination, do a good job in departmental linkage, urban linkage, government-enterprise linkage, give play to the management functions of grass-roots organizations such as streets, neighborhood committees, and industry committees, increase the guarantee and support for power grid enterprises and property service enterprises, and fully mobilize automobile manufacturers, charging enterprises, Consumers and other market entities are active in attracting more high-quality social capital to participate in the construction and operation of charging and replacing facilities.