Happy winter vacation, safe not to take a holiday, how to keep children away from harm? 【Healthy and Happy New Year】(18)

The winter vacation is approaching, the Spring Festival is approaching, and the children will soon have to live at home.

Children are at home, safety first, the first task of parents is to teach children how to stay away from the following dangers.

1

Burns

The home is the main occurrence of burns in children.

Open flames, hot water, hot food (such as milk, rice, soup, etc.) and utensils for holding, hot water bottles, lights or electric toys that are turned on for a long time, warm babies, heated irons, etc. are common heat sources.

Parents should pay attention not to let young children enter the kitchen and bathroom alone; put the hot water kettle in the place where the child cannot reach, and the hot water cup on the table should be placed as close as possible; the tablecloth is best fixed on the dining table to avoid being dragged down by the child; before taking the hot object, make sure that the child is not around; when bathing the child, first put cold water and then put hot water.

Once the child is burned, rinse the wound with tap water for 15 to 30 minutes as soon as possible, and carefully take off the clothes, if it is not easy to detach, you can cut it with scissors, if it is adhered to the skin, do not forcibly tear it off. If the pain is obvious, soak the affected area in cold water until the pain is significantly reduced.

If the burn area is large and the wound is deep, it should be sent to a medical institution with the ability to treat it as soon as possible. Do not apply anything to the wound surface that does not have a definite effect, such as toothpaste, soy sauce, honey, egg white, etc., to avoid infection and increase the difficulty of the doctor to deal with the wound. Do not puncture the blisters or tear off the vesicles on their own. Do not use ice cubes to cool your child down so as not to have a low body temperature or even shock.

2

Fall injury

Fall injuries are the leading cause of non-fatal injuries in children.

Young children have a large proportion of their heads in the body, so they are prone to head injury after falling.

Infant and toddler falls occur mainly at home. The crib should be equipped with a guardrail, preferably a low bed, and the height of the guardrail should ensure that the child cannot turn over.

Parents should not leave children over 3 months old alone on sofas, tables, or beds that are not pulled on the guardrail; some cushions or blankets may be laid next to the bed.

Clean up the toys scattered on the ground in time, and install protective devices at the sharp corners of the furniture. Under the windows and on the balcony, there are no items for children to climb, and it is best for high-rise residents to install protective fences. Chests of drawers should be locked and secured to the wall.

Do not let your child play alone on a balcony, porch or fire escape. Do not leave your child alone in your home.

Outdoor sports should choose items suitable for the age and height of the child, and wear safety precautions according to the requirements.

After the child is injured, do not pick up and shake his head at will, and observe the mental state and physical activity. If there is bleeding, it should be pressed to stop the bleeding; the spine should be protected from falling from a high place, do not hold the child with the hips dangling, keep the head, neck and torso in the same plane; if the child has a fracture, do not move it at will.

If the child cries loudly and can be soothed, the limb activity is normal, there is no vomiting, convulsions, etc., close observation can be done; if the child continues to cry, cannot be soothed, accompanied by vomiting, blood or liquid flowing out of the ears and nose, and even convulsions, impaired consciousness, or complaining of fixed pain somewhere, or bad spirits, drowsiness, should seek medical treatment as soon as possible.

Do not rub the head swollen bag, wrap the ice cube or ice pack with a towel and apply it cold. Children sometimes have a head injury that occurs later, so you should pay attention to your child's mental reaction within 24 to 48 hours after the injury.

3

Tracheal foreign body

A foreign body in the trachea can cause complete obstruction of the airway and threaten the child's life in a short period of time, so it should be prevented. Parents should help their children develop good eating habits, do not tease their children when eating, do not chase and feed their children, and pay attention to letting children chew slowly. Tell your child not to stuff things into their nostrils and not to take things they can't eat in their mouths.

Do not give infants and young children to eat nucleated foods, such as cinnamon balls, lychees, etc., if you need to feed, you should remove the core. Children under 3 years of age do not eat whole nuts or small jelly, and if they need to be fed, they can be crushed and eaten.

Do not let minors feed their babies. Young children are not allowed to play with small parts or easily removable toys and other items, such as batteries, pen caps, small erasers, etc. If a foreign body causes complete obstruction of the airway, first aid should be given immediately on the spot (Heimlich method). If the child is conscious, the back tapping chest compression method is used for those under 1 year old, and the abdominal impact method is used for those over 1 year old.

4

Pet bites

It is not uncommon for children to be bitten by pets, mostly boys aged 5 to 9 years old, dogs bite the most, and cat bites are susceptible to infection. Parents should teach their children not to tease small animals at will, and not to pat, pull or touch their eyes, mouths, and noses. Keep your child away from wild or stray animals and unwrapped animals. When a child is close to a pet, parents should take effective care of it to protect the child at all times. Pets in the home should bathe frequently and get vaccinated on time.

Once your child has been bitten, rinse the wound alternately with running water and soapy water, rinse with saline, and finally disinfect with iodophor for at least 15 minutes.

After being bitten by an animal suspected of being infected with rabies virus or an unvaccinated animal, it is necessary to seek prompt medical attention and receive rabies vaccination, as well as tetanus antitoxin (or tetanus immunoglobulin) and tetanus vaccination as appropriate.

5

Road traffic injuries

When going out during the holidays, attention should be paid to preventing road traffic injuries in children, and obeying traffic rules is the basic premise. Children's road safety education should be strengthened, informing them not to run in front of the car, not to play on the road; not to play in the garage, near the car, especially in the front of the car, the rear of the car and other blind spots; to cross the road to take the crosswalk or cross the overpass; to walk without reading books or mobile phones.

Children under the age of 12 or under 140 cm in height are not allowed to sit in the front seat of the motor vehicle. Persons under the age of 12 are not allowed to ride on the road. Persons under the age of 16 are not allowed to ride electric bicycles on the road.

When children ride, they should correctly choose and use the safety restraint system according to their age, parents should not replace the car seat with their arms; lock the child lock after getting on the car; do not stick their heads, hands, and bodies out of the skylight or window when riding; when the vehicle is driving, it is best not to let the child eat, especially jelly, nuts, lollipops, etc.; regardless of the length of time, do not leave the child alone in the car.

When riding and playing with skateboards (cars), children should wear light or brightly colored clothes or reflective clothing, and wear appropriate safety helmets correctly.

6

Fireworks injuries

During the Spring Festival, children should be prevented from being injured by fireworks. Qualified fireworks should be purchased in a regular place and set off in a designated place, away from crowds and inflammable and explosive materials or places. Strictly follow the instructions to discharge, timely stop improper behavior; do not hold the fireworks, do not face people; do not throw firecrackers or laugh and play during the fireworks, do not use fireworks as toys. In case of "Squib", do not immediately come forward to check.

Consciously abide by the age limit for the discharge of different fireworks, and children must be accompanied by parents. Clean up the fireworks in time and don't kick them.

If the child's eyes are injured, they should be covered immediately with clean gauze or a towel, and seek medical attention in time, do not rub, rinse, squeeze the eyes hard, and do not apply eye ointment. When the hand is injured, the wound can be rinsed with water or soaked in cold water until the pain is reduced; if there is obvious bleeding, it should be pressed to stop the bleeding; if there is a foreign body, it can be rinsed and disinfected; do not drop any ear drops after the ear injury. Once the above conditions occur, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Author: Expert of the National Health Science Popularization Expert Database

Wang Quan, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University

Planner: Tan Jia Yu Yunxi

Editor: Liu Yang