Song Shi: The founder of Guan Xue- Zhang Zai of Wan Shi Kai Taiping
preface
Yang Yang Huaxia, the inheritance of many civilizations, the hundred sons and hundreds of families have become a bright color in the literary world, in this colorful world, only Confucianism is the most dazzling, because he has been mentioned after a thousand years, and even adapted.
▲ Ishisuke
cause
At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the academic activities of Hu Yan, Shi Jie and others among the three gentlemen of the Song Dynasty influenced Zhang Zai.
▲Song Lizong
outcome
Zhang Zai's learning also had a certain influence on later generations, for which the emperor deliberately posthumously honored Zhang Zai in order to record his merits.
▲Zhang Zai
disposal
1. Ideal to serve the country
When I was a child, I heard a sentence that I admired the most, that is, "Establish a heart for heaven and earth, establish a destiny for the people, continue to learn for the saints, and open up peace for all the worlds." ”
When I first read this sentence, I just thought that this person was full of ambition, dedicated to the life of the world, and only for the temple.
Later, I learned that the person who said this sentence was Zhang Zai, and since he could say such a thing, he certainly should not be underestimated. Sure enough, Zhang Zai himself was eager to serve the country all his life.
Ten years of hard reading in the cold window, sitting on a cold bench, living lonely, and waiting for the beginning of the imperial examination, Zhang Zai came to Beijing with his ability and original intention, ideals and ambitions.
At that time, the candidates who rushed to take the exam with Zhang Zai were Su Shi, Su Rui, Cheng Hao and others, whose abilities were not inferior to Zhang Zai's, but Zhang Zai was uniquely liked by Wen Yanbo, the prime minister.
▲Su Shi
After the exam was over, the results were not announced, and Wen Yanbo asked Zhang Zai to go to the Great Xiangguo Temple in Tokyo to give a public lecture on "Zhou Yi".
"Zhou Yi" is more difficult to understand, but under Zhang Zai's narration, many officials in the imperial court recognized Zhang Zai, which made Zhang Zai's fame instantly become very large, and many people came to listen to it.
▲Two images
2. Ideas to achieve themselves
Soon the results of the imperial examination came out, Zhang Zai opened the opportunity for Wan Shi to open taiping, this time Zhang Zai served as the commander of Yunyan County, although he was not a big official, but Zhang Zai was very happy, because he could achieve himself little by little.
During this period of officialdom, Zhang Zai was concerned about the people, and in order to provide children with the opportunity to study, Zhang Zai raised money everywhere, just to open a school, let the children study for free, hoping that they would not be unable to go to school because of their family's poverty.
In addition to caring for young children, the elderly are also in the list of Zhang Zai's care, and every month Zhang Zai will set up a wine banquet to entertain the elderly, and also promote the concept of respecting the elderly and loving children in the county.
It can be said that during the time when Zhang Zai was a county order, he did his best to take good care of every citizen. And the county order he governed was also relatively outstanding, and Zhang Zai's performance was also seen by the imperial court.
The history of the Song Dynasty is also clear, often bullied by nomads, but the Song Dynasty can not beat them, so they can only pay tribute to the Liao and Western Xia for many years.
The Interior of the Song Dynasty was also a chaotic situation, with excessive military expenditure and bloated bureaucracy, resulting in insufficient money and wealth in the Song Dynasty every year, and the great Song Dynasty was only left with an empty shell to support.
Song Shenzong intended to change this situation, so Yushi Zhongcheng recommended Zhang Zai to Song Shenzong, which was also another step forward for Zhang Zai to realize his wishes.
After Song Shenzong and Zhang Zai met, they decided to examine Zhang Zai's ability, so they asked Zhang Zai how to govern the country, and Zhang Zai replied without fear that he should emulate the three dynasties of Xia and Shang and would not lose the truth of the saints.
After Song Shenzong heard this, he also recognized him very much.
▲Song Shenzong
3. Halfway through the course of illness
Song Shenzong obeyed Wang Anshi's change of law, and the imperial court was short of manpower during this time, so Zhang Zai stayed in the imperial court, but Wang Anshi recommended Cai Qing, who had been corrupt and bribed, as the inspector of imperial history, but many people disagreed, thinking that Cai did have a stain, and Zhang Zai was also persuading Wang Anshi.
However, Wang Anshi still insisted on going his own way, and Zhang Zai decided to resign and go home. However, this resignation did not end Zhang Zai's career path.
In 1041, when the Western Xia attacked the Song Dynasty's Gansu region, Zhang Zai, who was far away from home, went to see Fan Zhongyan with his articles on border defense opinions, because at this time Fan Zhongyan presided over the border defense in the northwest.
After Zhang Zai saw Fan Zhongyan, he described his opinion on border defense, saying that he could also form a group with his friends and relatives to fight with the soldiers.
Fan Zhongyan saw that Zhang Zai was very capable, so he advised him to go back and read more, and then Fan Zhongyan gave Zhang Zai a copy of "Zhongyong", Zhang Zai said that he had read it, but saw that Fan Zhongyun was still insisting, so Zhang Zai left with "Zhongyong".
▲Fan Zhongyun
Re-reading is to bring a different experience, and reading again allows Zhang Zai to understand the culture in the book and his own shallow knowledge, so Zhang Zai concentrates on research.
Later, Zhang Zai painstakingly wrote and finally completed his own "Zhengmeng", which was his original idea, which was his own ideas and all his painstaking management.
At this time, Zhang Zai was already very knowledgeable, and soon after the imperial court once again found Zhang Zai, hoping that he could enter the dynasty as an official.
Although Zhang Zai was seriously ill at this time, he still resolutely went there, and as a result, he died of illness on the way.
▲ "Zhengmeng" aka "Zhang Zi Zhengmeng"
brief summary
Zhang Zai founded Guan Xue, which became one of the important schools of Song Dynasty science.
【References】
1. History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 427
2. "Zhang Zai's Chronology"
3. "Mr. Yokozuna's Behavior"