On the evening of July 9, the second year of the Northern Song Dynasty (961 AD), taizu Zhao Kuangyin, in order to avoid a repeat of the "Chen Qiao Mutiny", relieved a group of senior officers of their military power in the name of banqueting, setting up a typical example of peaceful centralization. Later, "a glass of wine to release military power" became synonymous with easy grasping of power. This incident not only laid the social phenomenon of poverty and weakness in the Song Dynasty, but also affected the fate of those dismissed military generals.
Song Taizu (927-976), also known as Zhao Kuangyin
Who attended the liquor board?
The earliest documents to record the "release of military power through a cup of wine" are the Northern Song Dynasty Ding Zhi's "Ding Jin Gong Tan" and Wang Zeng's "Wang Wenzheng Gong Record", the former recording the military power of dismissing Shi Shouxin and Wang Zhenqi, and there is no banquet. The latter refers to Zhao Kuangyin dismissing Shi, Wang, and other military generals from their military posts after they "Dao Old Xiangle". After half a century, Sima Guang's "Records of Shuishui" described in detail after Shi, Wang, and others attended the banquet.
"All are called diseases, please relieve the military power, and make a promise."
The Southern Song Dynasty historian Li Tao made a special note on this incident when he compiled the "Compilation of the Continuation of the Zizhi TongjianChang". Based on the "Records of Shuishui", he "slightly added to ding's "Tanlu", and corrected Sima Guang's mistake of "all scattered officials are the first", and determined
Shi Shouxin, Gao Huaide, Wang Zhenqi, Zhang Lingduo
Wait for four people to attend the banquet. Li Tao's views are reasonable and well-founded, the process is rigorous, and have been widely recognized by historians.
Above_ Shi Shouxin, the founding general of the Northern Song Dynasty
Stone keeps faith
Shi Shouxin (928–984), a native of Kaifeng Junyi (present-day Kaifeng, Henan). He and Zhao Kuangyin were both members of the "Ten Brothers of the Righteous Society" and had considerable military achievements in the early years of the Northern Zhou and Northern Song Dynasties. After the "cup of wine to release the military power", "with the command of the guards and the guide to make Shi Shouxin the envoy of the balance festival", unlike the other three people who were reappointed to other places,
"The sole and trustworthy and the guards are all commanding envoys as before, but in fact, the military power is not there"
。 In September of the following year, Shi Shouxin asked for the resignation of the commander of the guards Ma Bujundu and asked for full-time appointment as the envoy of the Tianping Army, and was approved.
Shi Shouxin was well versed in the meaning of "a glass of wine to release the military power", and during the seventeen years of the festival,
"Concentrate on accumulating, accumulating huge sums of money"
。 After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, Shi Shouxin received the honorary position of Zhongshu Ling and retained his glory and wealth. In June of the ninth year of the Taiping Revival (984), Shi Shouxin died at the age of 57.
He had two sons. The eldest son, Shi Baoxing, "understood" current affairs at an early age and was appreciated by Zhao Kuangyin. As an adult, he made many military achievements in the peaceful rebellion against the Western Xia and Liao states, and was an official to the defense envoy of Liaozhou, the Duke of Xiping County, "accumulated wealth and wealth", and died at the age of 58. The second son, Shi Baoji, was "beautiful in appearance and quite skilled in martial arts", and "especially arrogant in nature", and married Princess Yanqing, the second daughter of Zhao Kuangyin, and "the family was rich, and there were mansions and villas, although the food was also decorated with colored silk". Shi Shouxin's great-grandson Shi Duan later married Princess Dekang, the second daughter of Emperor Zhezong of Song. It can be seen that the Shi family was greatly favored in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Above_ Gao Huaide tomb
High Wilder
Gao Huaide (926–982), also known as Zizang, was a native of Changshan Zhending (present-day Zhengding, Hebei). He was the grandson of the famous Later Tang general Gao Si,
"Loyal and brave, with martial courage"
, can be described as a small fresh meat. In the early years of the Later Jin Dynasty (944 AD), when gao Huaide was only 20 years old, he accompanied his father Gao Xingzhou to resist the Liao state, and the Jin army fell into a heavy siege of the Liao army in Qicheng, and Gao Huaide "shot left and right, swept across the line, everyone was invincible, and came out of his father", becoming famous in the First World War and attracting much attention.
Gao Huaide supported the merits in the "Chen Qiao Mutiny", "the deputy capital inspection in front of the temple, moved to the town of Huazhou, and deployed the deputy capital of Guannan". Soon after, he married Zhao Kuangyin's sister Princess Yan Guochang. After leaving his military post, Gao Huaide was appointed as the envoy of guides,
"Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, added a concurrent attendant, and added a school master"
。 In July of the seventh year of the Taiping Revival (982), Gao Huaide died of illness, and the imperial court "gave zhongshu orders and posthumously awarded the title of King of Bohai County, Yu Wumu".
Unlike Shi Shouxin's wealth, Gao Huaide is "good at shooting and hunting",
"Taste three or five days of camping in the wild, get hundreds of fox rabbits"
。 In the Northern Song Dynasty, the Gao family will be born, and seven people in the five generations of the family will be crowned kings for their merits, and more than thirty people in seven generations will worship the generals. In addition, the gao family women also performed well, and Gao Taotao, the empress of Song Yingzong Zhao Shu, died after Emperor Yingzong's death
"Nine years after the advent of the government, the imperial court is clear, the summer is sui'an, and the internal surrender is eliminated."
, has the reputation of "female Yao Shun". The author of the "History of Song" commented on Gao Huaide, on the surface that "The degree of defeat of Huaide's gallop" is actually "to make himself free of his military handle, in order to protect his wealth and wealth, and to leave his descendants", in one sentence, it is appropriate.
Wang Zhenqi (925–974), courtesy name Zhongbao, was a famous general from the Fifth Dynasty to the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty
Wang Zhenqi
Wang Zhenqi (925–974), courtesy name Zhongbao, was a native of Luoyang, Henan. He was "heavy and strategic, especially good at riding and shooting", and was once a general under Guo Wei, the taizu of the Later Zhou Dynasty, and had a close relationship with Zhao Kuangyin and others, forming the "Ten Brothers of the Righteous Society". After the founding of the Song Dynasty, because of the "Order of Yi Dai", he served as the commander of the palace and the envoy of the Yicheng Army. After Wang Zhenqi was relieved of his military powers, he was reappointed as an envoy of Zhongzheng Jiedushi.
During his tenure as a magistrate, Wang Zhenqi
"Eight years in town, for the government of leniency"
。 At the age of fifty, he died of a violent illness. Zhao Kuangyin "blessed qidi, weeping and mourning, gave Zhongshu Ling, and posthumously awarded the title of King of Langya County". His eldest son, Wang Chengyan, married Zhao Kuangyin's eldest daughter, Princess Zhaoqing, who was an official in Hezhong Yin, an envoy to the Protectorate Army, and a lieutenant of the Inspectorate. The two families are related to each other and have a closer relationship. During the reign of Emperor Jingyou of Renzong, Wang Zhenqi's great-grandson Wang Kechen became a scholar of Longtuge and a doctor of Taizhong. After Wang Zhenqi gave up his military power, Zhao Kuangyin fulfilled his promise and ensured the inheritance of the wang family's special glory.
Above_ Zhang Lingduo (911-970), originally known as Duo, was given the name Lingduo by later Zhou
Zhang Lingduo
Zhang Lingduo (911–970), a native of Di Prefecture (棣州, in modern Yangxin, Shandong). He "less courageously subordinated himself to the army", and his career spanned four dynasties, including the Later Tang, later Jin, Later Han and Later Zhou. In the Later Zhou Dynasty, Zhang Lingduo followed Guo Wei and Chai Rong on a southern expedition to the North, with extraordinary combat strength. After Emperor Chai Zongxun of Later Zhou ascended the throne, Zhang Lingduo was promoted to the position of commander of the guards and infantry, and Gao Huaide was in charge of the horses and infantry of the guards.
In the "Chen Qiao Mutiny", his merits were second only to Gao Huaide, and his specific actions were not recorded in historical records. However, Gao Huaide accompanied Zhao Kuangyin around the incident, which concluded that Zhang Lingduo, who mastered the guards and infantry, should also be by Zhao Kuangyin's side. With this performance, in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, "Zhang Lingduo was commanded by The Envoy of Wuxin Jiedushi and the Commander of the Infantry Army as the Envoy of Zhen'an Jiedushi and the Marquis of Yu of the Ma Infantry Army", becoming the second-largest figure in the guards.
As with the other three dismissals, after those liquor bureaus,
"The guards Yu Hou and Zhen'an Jiedu made Zhang Lingduo the envoy of Zhenning Jiedu"
。 Zhao Kuangyin betrothed Zhang Lingduo's third daughter Xu to his younger brother Zhao Guangmei the Prince of Qin and was given the title of Lady of Chu. In the second year of Kaibao (969 AD), Zhang Lingduo stayed in Kaifeng due to illness during his pilgrimage, and in the spring of the following year, the famous general died at the age of 60. His son Zhang Shouzheng (張守正) was an envoy to the Western Cabinet, equivalent to a mid-level cadre of the Song Dynasty. According to the "History of Song", Zhang Lingduo once confessed:
"I have been in the army for thirty years, more than forty battles, and I have destroyed and trapped the enemy, and I have not tried to kill a single person."
This shows its "sexual forgiveness".
Above_ Zhao Pu (922-992), the character Isping
The Song Chu warlords "ranked official and knightly and subordinated", "yi duojiao", in comparison,
Zhao Pu, who was also a founding minister, "established the dynasty with the Privy Counsellor", and was relegated to the four pins, which could not be said in the same day.
Zhao Kuangyin peacefully transferred senior military generals out of the capital and "guarded the outer domains". With the retirement of these military generals, Zhao Pu served as a privy councillor, and then "ten years of solitude", and the new generation of military generals could not compete with them in terms of seniority. It can be said that the "glass of wine to release military power" has shaped the political pattern of the Song Dynasty that emphasizes literature and light weapons, and also creates a new way of thinking to deal with the contradictions between the emperor and the founding heroes, shining with the brilliance of rationality and civilization.
Text: Count white as black
Resources:
[1] Li Tao, "Continuation of the Zhizhi Tongjian Long Edition"
[2] Detachment "History of Song"
[3] Gu Jichen, "Several Questions On the Right to Release The Military with a Glass of Wine" in the Early Song Dynasty"
The text was created by the History University Hall team, and the picture originated from the Internet and the copyright belongs to the original author