Song Shi: The "Alliance of the Seas" at the Starting Price of the Land
preface
Alliances are a method in weak and small countries, and many small countries combine to form a big country, protecting themselves and protecting themselves from being bullied by big countries, but alliances are often a good beginning and a bad ending.
cause
The Song Dynasty was persecuted by the Liao State, and at the same time the Distant Jin State was also bullied by the Liao State.
▲Liaoguo
outcome
The alliance on the sea was finally broken, and after the Liao state was destroyed, the Jin state began to attack the Song Dynasty.
▲ Territory of the Liao Dynasty in 1111
disposal
1. Alliance of the Seas
Although the Song Dynasty was prosperous, he was bullied by nomads through Chao, and many people felt that the soldiers of the Song Dynasty were like paper paste, and a bucket was broken.
In fact, in order to prevent this kind of thing from happening again, Emperor Zhao Kuangyin, who was born as a general, decided to put the elite soldiers around him and the weaker soldiers at the border, so for the nomadic people, the Song Dynasty was defeated every time.
However, they did not adjust, so the Song Dynasty has been failing. The nomadic people began to rise, the Liao state began to establish, the ability of the Liao state should not be underestimated, they led the elite troops to attack the Song Dynasty, resulting in the Song Dynasty has no ability to fight back.
▲ The Jin Dynasty in its heyday
However, it soon existed, because the Song Dynasty found that the Jin State on the other side was also quietly rising, so the Song Dynasty wanted to ally with the Jin State and attack the Liao State together.
However, the Song Dynasty and the Jin Kingdom were separated by the Liao State, so Emperor Huizong of Song sent emissaries to Penglai, Shandong, through the Bohai Sea to the Jin Kingdom, to request an alliance.
At this time, the Jin State was also relatively weak, and seeing the arrival of the Song Dynasty emissaries, they naturally agreed, but they also had conditions, after defeating the Liao State, the Sixteen Prefectures of Youzhou that Later Jin Shi Jingyao lost were returned to the Song Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty gave all the money and wealth to the Liao State.
Because this alliance is at sea, it is also called the alliance of the sea.
▲The situation in Liaojin before the Alliance of the Seas
2. Reasons for concluding the covenant
1) Tong Guan's persuasion
They are also ethnic minorities, why did Emperor Huizong of Song take a fancy to the Jin Kingdom, not only because the Jin State was bullied by the Liao State, or because in 1004 AD, Song Huizong was forced to sign an alliance with Empress Xiao of Liao, although Liao and Song had always lived in peace, and by that time all the sixteen prefectures of Youzhou were in the hands of the Liao State.
This was also the heart disease of the emperors of the Song Dynasty, but this time Tong Guan, who was by the side of Emperor Huizong of Song, began to persuade Emperor Huizong of Song to return to Youzhou Sixteen Prefectures by forming an alliance.
▲ Tanyuan Alliance
2) The so-called good news
The reason why Tong Guan dared to persuade Emperor Huizong of Song was because he learned the good news that the Soan Mansion was a eunuch, but he had been sent to fight in Western Xia, so he was more familiar with the battlefield.
Tong Guan had been in the battlefield for many years, and naturally knew the situation of various countries, and he believed that the Liao state would soon be destroyed, so he should unite with Jin to destroy the Liao.
▲ Tong Guan
3) Ma Zhi, an anti-water man
As a person from the Liao State, Ma Zhi had the same views as Tong Guan, so he thought that there was no way out after the Liao State, and this time he defected to the Song Dynasty, hoping to find his own way back.
When Emperor Huizong of Song saw that the people of the Liao Kingdom had come to him, he was naturally very happy, and with Tong Guan's words, Emperor Huizong of Song decided to send emissaries to the Kingdom of Jin.
The reason why the alliance between Song Huizong and the Jin Kingdom was delayed for so long was because Song Huizong was at both ends of the rat, neither country wanted to offend, and both countries wanted to appease, resulting in the postponement of the alliance again and again.
Before the negotiations had even begun, Emperor Huizong of Song had heard that Yan Akuta had attacked the Liao state and had the Liao state cede its territory. For this reason, Emperor Huizong of Song had confidence, but the two ends of his previous head had lost trust, so even if the emissary arrived, he was also deducted by Yan Ah Bone for half a year before starting negotiations.
▲ Finish Yan Akuta (August 1, 1068 – September 19, 1123)
4) The starting price of jinguo's sitting land
Although it is said to be an alliance, but the attitude of the Jin State is tough, the Song Huizong side is weak, for the Sixteen States of Youzhou, the Jin State said that whoever lays the foundation is whoever, and the Song Huizong said that he will pay tribute to the Jin State every year.
For this reason, it also made Jin Guo look down on Song Huizong even more, but the alliance was still a good thing, so Jin Guo still agreed.
However, the ownership of the sixteen states of Youzhou was still not clear, and Song Huizong did not want to speak, because he felt that the sixteen states of Youzhou were of the Song Dynasty, but the Jin State believed that Yanjing had been given to the Song Dynasty, and other places should be given to the Jin Dynasty.
▲ Youzhou Sixteen Prefectures
Emperor Huizong of Song did not agree, but because of the power of the Jin State, he never expressed his position, and the matter of alliance was repeatedly delayed, which led to the envoys of the Song Dynasty having to sign unequal maritime covenants without authorization.
As a result, after they attacked the Liao State, there was a rebellion in the Song Dynasty, and Fang La rebelled in the Jiangnan area at that time, to know that Jiangnan was the granary of the world, fang La's trouble was to disturb the grain of the world, so the Song Dynasty rushed to suppress it, and the result was that this time it lost the sovereignty of youzhou Sixteen Prefectures.
Tong Guan, who had once recovered the Yanyun region, could not get out of his body and had no support, and finally the Jin State swept away after the start of Yanjing, and took the opportunity to extort money from the Song Dynasty.
▲ Song Huizong
brief summary
The Jin attack led to the Song Dynasty being bullied again, and soon the Song Dynasty set its sights on mongolia and wanted to ally with the Mongols against the Jin dynasty.
【References】
1. "The General Guide to the Continuation of The Governance of Capital"
2. "On the "Maritime Covenant" of Song and Jin"
3. History of the Song Dynasty, Huizong Benji