In China, agricultural civilization is related to the peace and security of the country and the people, and has always been valued by the ruling class. Heavy farming, crop watching, and farming and weaving were also important contents of the emperor's political rule. The emperors of the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to agriculture and mulberry, and there were many landscapes related to agriculture in the Old Summer Palace.
These landscapes have their own characteristics, or set up farmland vegetable beds, and become their own scenery, so that the Qing emperor can ask the peasants for agricultural advice in the garden; or "borrowing" the surrounding fields to know the farmers and inspect the farmers, and they do not pursue the rural village atmosphere; Or named after the image of agriculture and mulberry to create a real scene of farming and weaving culture. These pastoral landscapes are rich in scenery and skillful in landscaping, which not only reflect the artistic conception of gardening, but also have the function of agricultural experiments, and provide natural materials for the prince's agricultural education.
Apricot Blossom Spring Hall
The pastoral landscape occupies an important position in the forty views of the Old Summer Palace, and among the many pastoral landscapes rich in landscaping, the Xinghua Spring Pavilion is unique. Its architectural form, flower and tree configuration and pastoral scenery not only become a special palace aesthetics, but also express the Qing Emperor's philosophy of governing the country based on agriculture and mulberry, as well as the yearning for an idyllic and elegant life.
From the vegetable garden to the apricot blossom spring house
Xinghuachun Pavilion is located in the northwest corner of the back lake of the Old Summer Palace, which was built in the Kangxi period. This scene was originally named a vegetable garden, Yongzheng changed its name to Xinghua Village in four years, and was rebuilt according to the artistic conception of Du Mu's poem "Qingming" in the Tang Dynasty. In the fifth year of Yongzheng, the imperial title "Xinghua Spring Pavilion" plaque was hung, and the old name of the vegetable garden was still used, and it was renamed the Xinghua Spring Pavilion in the early days of Qianlong.
The ruins of the Apricot Blossom Spring Museum
Yinzhen's "Twelve Songs of Gardening: Vegetable Garden" cloud:
Dig the ground and open a new garden, because of the Sichuan Qu to lead the spring.
After the rain has passed, the green soil is full of vegetables.
The poem depicts a fresh picture of digging the ground and opening the spring and the vegetables and vegetables after the spring rains. The Old Summer Palace was originally a garden given by the prince, and Yinzhen built a number of landscapes in the garden that reflected the farming life and pastoral interest, which was deeply praised by Kangxi. The vegetable garden, as its name suggests, is an agricultural landscape, and only from the name of the scene, you can see Yinzhen's agricultural feelings and aesthetic taste at that time.
Yongzheng's "Siyitang Collection: Traveling along the Lake to the Vegetable Garden" records the scene of the wild villages in the early days of the vegetable garden:
A line of egrets led the boat, and ten acres of red canals greeted with laughter.
The turbulent flow of the streams is vulgar, and the smoke scene of the Pinghu Lake is leisurely.
The bamboo hut is sparsely fenced, and the butterflies gather in the melon and the night is illuminated.
The most is the small garden is wild, and the cauliflower fragrance is ringing.
A scene in the vegetable garden is not only the embodiment of Yinzhen's heavy agricultural thoughts, but also a political strategy of its Taoguang and obscurity, and a political strategy to retreat and advance.
Yongzheng wrote in "The Story of the Old Summer Palace":
In the garden, or open the field, or camp vegetable garden, the plain is thick, Jiaying is steady, even a glance, then reverie area summer, general wish autumn. If you look at the crops by the railing, the clouds are occupied by Linmo, and the knowledge of the good rain is expected, then the farmer is diligent, and the things are difficult, and the scene is suddenly in the garden.
It can be seen that the Old Summer Palace in the Yongzheng period has a simple and natural overall style, and a village scene, as if it is beyond the imperial power.
Restoration of Xinghua Spring Pavilion (early Qianlong)
In the Qianlong period, Emperor Qianlong continued to build on the basis of Yongzheng Garden, and the scenic spots were gradually enriched, forming the famous forty views of the Old Summer Palace. The twelve gardens of the Yongzheng period were also renamed, among which Xinghua Village was renamed Xinghua Spring Pavilion, adding a little royal style to the simple and natural pastoral style. At the time of the completion of the "Forty Views of the Old Summer Palace", the Xinghua Spring Pavilion was still a pastoral village landscape surrounded by earth and mountains on all sides, low houses and sparse hedges, and dotted with apricots, vegetables and fruits.
In the ninth year of Qianlong, the poem preface to the poem "Forty Views of the Imperial Old Summer Palace: Apricot Blossom Spring Pavilion":
From the mountain pavilion to enter, the low house is sparse and the hedge, and the east and west are wrong. Ring planting apricots, deep spring flowers, rotten like the sun. In front of the small garden, mixed vegetables and vegetables, know the scene of the village of the field.
The whole scenery of the Xinghua Spring Pavilion is based on the pastoral scenery, in addition to the ring planting apricots, many landscapes are related to agriculture, and there are also pastoral scenery such as vegetable furrows, water canals, and soil mountains in the village. On the whole, at this time, the Xinghua Spring Pavilion still retains the pastoral village style of the Yongzheng period, and there is no royal gorgeous and graceful style.
Qianlong's "Forty Views of the Imperial Old Summer Palace: Apricot Blossom Spring Pavilion" depicts the landscape here in detail:
The red snow rhyme is empty, and the cold plum is willing to occupy the gall bottle.
I love the Flower Light Art Garden, and I try the agricultural scriptures every month.
For Liang said that the immortal pavilion, the wine should be a small hidden pavilion.
In the middle of the night, a plough of spring rain is enough, and it stops by the clogs tree.
Qianlong's imperial poems mention the inspection of agriculture and a plough of spring rain, which are similar to Yuan Hao's poem "A Plough of Spring Rain and Wheat Qingqing" and Su Shunqin's poem "A Plough of Rain in the Middle of the Night on the Mountain Side". The blooming of apricot blossoms is often accompanied by spring rain, which also implies the close relationship between apricot blossom spring hall and farming.
Restoration of Xinghua Spring Pavilion (mid-Qianlong period)
In the 20th year of Qianlong, the Xinghua Spring Pavilion scenic spot was reconstructed, the vegetable garden was removed, the canal was opened at the southeast mountain pass to connect with the back lake, the lake water was introduced to the low-lying small valley, and the meandering "Shang" shaped water surface was formed, which not only created the landscape artistic conception, but also was conducive to water diversion irrigation and natural drainage, and added new landscapes such as Spring Rain Xuan and Xinghua Village. According to historical data, from the Yinzhen Garden to 1860 was burned down, the Xinghua Spring Pavilion has undergone many adjustments, the largest of which is the 20th year of Qianlong, after which the overall pattern of the Xinghua Spring Pavilion has basically stabilized.
Qianlong 20 years of Xinghua Spring Pavilion renovation plan
During the Yongzheng period, the Xinghua Spring Pavilion was still a simple and natural landscape full of pastoral fun, which was relatively close to the traditional literati garden. After the renovation in the middle of Qianlong, the color and style of the royal garden were increased. This is also in line with the aesthetic taste of Yongzheng and Qianlong. Although the Xinghua Spring Pavilion in the middle of Qianlong has gradually deviated from the early mountain and village scenes, Qianlong's idea of emphasizing agriculture and mulberry and advocating cultivation and weaving is in the same vein as Yongzheng.
Qianlong mentioned in the "Postscript to the Old Summer Palace": "Le Fan plant, there are bushes and flowers, angry and smiling; To inspect the agricultural mulberry, there is a vegetable garden in the field, and the rain is relatively sunny. It shows that it attaches great importance to agriculture.
[Reference]
"Apricot Blossoms, Pastoral and Farming and Weaving Culture: A Preliminary Study on the Artistic Conception of the "Apricot Blossom Spring Pavilion" in the Old Summer Palace" by Chen Hong
[edit]
Feng Shiqing