In the twilight of spring when the spring is as deep as the sea, the sky is clear, all things are vibrant, the green grass is like a grass, and the swallows are singing and the warbler is flying, so people call this time Qingming. Qingming Festival, also known as the Qingqing Festival, the Non-Smoking Festival, etc., in ancient times, Qingming was only a solar term, and did not become an independent festival. In the day or two before the Qingming Festival, there has been a cold food festival among the people.
The custom of banning fire comes from the Zhou Dynasty, and the ban on fire starts from the cold food day, and it is not until the Qingming Festival that the fire kept by the official family is ignited, and then it is introduced to the homes of ordinary people, which is called the new fire. For example, Han Hong's famous sentence, "The candles are passed in the Han Palace at dusk, and the light smoke disperses into the house of the five marquis", which vividly describes the scene of the new fire during the Qingming Festival.
The custom of sweeping tombs originated in ancient times, and the mixing of Qingming and cold food began in the Tang Dynasty, such as Bai Juyi's poem, "Birds cry magpies and noise faint trees, who cries when Qingming eats cold food?" In the Song Dynasty, the custom of sweeping tombs during the Qingming Dynasty continued, and Zhu Xi recorded in his "Tongli" that people wore plain clothes when sweeping tombs, carrying wine and food, and tools for cutting grass and wood, so as to carry out memorial activities such as adding soil, cutting grass, pruning, and burning paper in front of the tomb.
At the same time, due to the long grass and beautiful wind and sun in the Qingming season, people have to go out of the outdoors, explore the spring, men, women and children wear colorful clothes, shoulder to shoulder, and will also participate in drinking and writing poems, looking for flowers and folding willows, as well as flying kites, swinging and other activities. The following shares Wang Anshi's seven laws, the beginning is as beautiful as a picture, and the end is more meaningful.
Qingming Dynasty Huai Jinling
Northern Song · Wang Anshi
In the spring cloudy weather, the grass is like smoke, and there are flying flowers dancing on the side of the road from time to time.
The courtyard is long and lonely, and the pond is slow and the birds are fluttering.
Looking back on the old garden for three thousand miles, the new fire is sad for six or seven years.
There is no ban on green cover soap shirts, and it may take advantage of the restaurant to sleep.
Wang Anshi was a famous politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and in order to alleviate domestic contradictions and promote economic development, he embarked on political reform with the support of Song Shenzong. At a critical time in the reform of the law, the poet forgot to sleep and eat every day, and had no time to take care of family affairs or spare time to visit the grave of his deceased mother.
This poem expresses the author's feelings during the Qingming period, and conveys a sense of melancholy between the lines. "Under the Emperor's Imperial Command", which originally referred to the emperor's royal drive, was extended to Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.
The gist of the poem is: In the Qingming season, although the sky is a little gloomy, the green grass in the suburbs is like smoke, and the poplars are flying by the waterside, and there is a scene full of vitality everywhere. People go out early in the morning, and the yard is very quiet during the long day. The pond is breezy and the birds are flying, and everything around seems to be soothing and relaxed.
The capital is thousands of miles away from his hometown, and the poet has been away from his hometown for six or seven years. The officials of the capital, dressed in black veils and soaps, flocked to the countryside one after another, and they were so excited that they forgot the passage of time. When the city gates are closed, will they spend the night in a restaurant in the suburbs?
When Wang Anshi was in his early 40s, his mother died and his body was buried in Zhongshan in Jinling (present-day Nanjing). Wang Anshi would sweep his mother's tomb on the Qingming Festival in the past few years, but later due to busy affairs, he could not get out, he could only climb high and look far away, worship his relatives from afar, and silently miss in his heart.
The opening chapter introduces the weather conditions, "In the spring cloudy weather, the grass is like smoke, and there are flying flowers dancing on the side of the road from time to time. The weather is neither hot nor cold, nor is it obscene and rainy, and there is no feeling of "pedestrians on the road want to break their souls". The grass is green, the catkins are flying, it is a good time to go out to enjoy the spring, and it is also very suitable for going out to worship and sweep, but the poet is busy and has no time to travel far.
The jaw couplet further shows a charming spring scene, "The courtyard is long and lonely, and the pond is slow and the birds are fluttering." During the Qingming Festival, the temperature has risen significantly, the days have become relatively longer, the spring breeze is soft, the flowers are clustered, and the blue water is rippling, and the birds are singing melodiously, all of which should make people feel comfortable and forgetful, but the poet uses the words "people are lonely" to express a feeling of loneliness and loneliness, and also lays the groundwork for the following lyricism.
The neck couplet directly expresses his chest, "three thousand miles, six or seven years", from the perspective of space and time, respectively, to explain the poet's homesickness. Although the mountains and rivers are blocked and the years pass by, the poet's affection for the hometown not only cannot be cut off, but also becomes stronger. "Xinhuo is sad" depicts his deep longing for his mother.
The ending contains a deep meaning, conveying the poet's anxiety, "There is no ban on the green cover soap shirt, and it may be possible to sleep in a restaurant." "The fire should be banned from cold food, and the ban should be lifted during the Qingming Festival, and those princes and grandsons are gorgeously dressed, have many servants, bring wine and prostitutes, and have a happy night, showing a chic and uninhibited demeanor, enjoying an extremely luxurious life, but no one wants to worry and work hard for the country and the society.
Although Wang Anshi seems to be the same as Wang Yuyan, he has no flowers and no wine to live a Qingming and a wild monk, but in fact, his heart is more anxious and helpless. He did his best for the sake of the country and the Great Song Dynasty, but how many people can understand and cooperate with his actions?
However, as Jing Gong himself said, I will do my best, and those who can't do it can have no regrets. Although there are many regrets in life, as long as you are open-minded and have a clear conscience, there is no need to look forward and backward.