Text/Guo Ruixiang
Although Wang Anshi himself still has a low moral bottom line, it is a great evil to instigate Song Shenzong to suppress speech and use power to stand up for his new learning. The New Party's persecution of Su Shi, like other evil deeds, was backed by Song Shenzong's platform, but Wang Anshi and his New Party were willing to be the emperor's thugs, and they should be nailed to the pillar of shame in history.
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Su Shi saw that there was no bad person in the world, but others may not be a good person in the eyes of others; he was sympathetic to the common people, but some people only saw the benefits, and regarded him as a mentor and friend when needed, and an enemy and a stepping stone when he was not needed.
In the Wutai poetry case, he said that there was no good person in front of him, and he could hardly find a good person. Some people want to use him to make an example, and some people want to use him to soar.
The Wutai poetry case that greatly deteriorated the political ecology
Shen Kuo, a science and engineering expert
Shen Kuo was one of the most famous scientists in ancient China, and the author of Mengxi Bi Tan, which recorded the facts of the imperial court, the old provenances, and many knowledge of astronomy, square chronicles, legal calendars, music, medicine, divination, and mechanical manufacturing.
He was the founder of gap accumulation and circularity, the discovery of magnetic declination, the improvement of the armillary sphere, and the revelation of resonance phenomena. This is especially valuable in ancient China, where literature was emphasized over reason.
Shen Kuo Jiayou was a jinshi in the eighth year, when Su Shi was serving as a judge in Fengxiang Mansion, Su Xun was in Beijing, Shen Kuo may have had a relationship with Su Xun at this time, and he recorded Su Xun's words and deeds in "Mengxi Pen Talk".
In the second year of Zhiping, Su Shi was sentenced to Dengwen Drum Academy and Zhishi Museum, and Shen Kuo was transferred to Beijing after serving as a magistrate to edit the books of Zhaowen Museum. In the same pavilion, they should have known each other at this time, but they did not have a long relationship, and they did not leave any written records. After that, Su Shi returned to Meishan to serve his father's funeral, Shen Kuo returned to Qiantang to serve his mother's funeral, Su Shi Xining returned to the dynasty in the second year, and Shen Kuo Xining returned to the dynasty in the fourth year.
At this time, they were faced with a difficult choice, whether to follow Wang Anshi to change the law, or to form an alliance with the old ministers to oppose the change? The two of them embarked on a fork in the road here, going their own way and going in opposite directions.
The friendship is not deep, and they are in two camps, and there is no deep friendship between Su Shi and Shen Kuo. There is no direct conflict of interest, and there is nothing wrong with each other for a long time.
In the fifth year of Xining, there was a famine in Huainan, and Shen Kuo was ordered to inspect, mainly to inspect the distribution of disaster relief grain and the management of wasteland, and then inspected the water conservancy of the two Zhejiang, and met with Su Shi in Hangzhou at this time.
Li Tao's "Continuation of Capital and Governance Tongjian Long Edition" quoted Wang Tong's book "Yuan You Supplement" and said:
(Shen) Kusu and Su Shi are in the same pavilion, Shi discusses things with the times, and makes up for the outside. Including the visit to the two Zhejiang, His Majesty's speech, Shenzong said: "Su Shi sentenced Hangzhou, and Qing Qi met it well." "Including to Hangzhou, and Shi to discuss the old, ask for a hand to record a close poem, return to sign the post to advance, cloud words are all scared. Hear it, send the poem again. Liu Shu jokingly said: "Don't worry about entering?" Later, Li Ding and Shu Yan discussed Shi Shi poems and put them in prison, which was actually based on Kuoyun.
According to this record, the origin of the poem case can be traced back to the fifth year of Xining, Shen Kuo asked Su Shi for a recent work during his inspection, Su Shi gave him a hand-copied poetry collection, and Shen Kuo dedicated it to Song Shenzong after returning to Beijing, intending to frame Su Shi.
In other words, Shen Kuo is the initiator of the Wutai poetry case. The modern writer Yu Qiuyu wrote this record into his essay "Su Dongpo Breakthrough", and thus classified Shen Kuo into the ranks of "villains".
This thick-eyed man also does bad things
Li Tao is a serious historian, and at the end of his quotation, he specifically explained: "The notes on this matter should be considered in detail, and I am afraid that the chronology of the years and months will not coincide." "It means that the time is not right, after all, from the fifth year of Xining to the second year of Yuanfeng, there is a distance of seven years, and the time difference is too long.
However, there is a saying in China: "No wind and no waves". Wang Lu lived at the intersection of the two Song Dynasty, not far from the Wutai poetry case, and there may be some basis for recording this article, or some rumors. Assuming that Wang Tong's record is true, can he definitely conclude that Shen Kuo is a "villain"?
Not necessarily.
Wang Lu recorded very clearly that Song Shenzong was very concerned about Su Shi and deliberately confessed to Shen Kuo's "good encounter". Shen Kuo was ordered to contact Su Shi, and when he came back, he handed over Su Shi's poetry collection to Song Shenzong, which was a normal operation and completed the holy order.
As for "all the words of the clouds", there is no chapter of Shen Kuo left in the historical books, and there is no record of "Song Shenzong Records" and the like, which should be Wang Jun's assumption.
The crux of the question is, why did Song Shenzong pay special attention to Su Shi?
There are only two reasons, one is to cherish talents, thinking that Su Shi has judged Hangzhou to be overkill, and is ready to wait for an opportunity to promote; the other is to be vigilant, knowing that Su Shi often writes poems and ridicules the new law, so that Shen Kuo can take the opportunity to test and investigate.
After Su Shitong sentenced Hangzhou, he knew Mizhou and Xuzhou, although his position was promoted, but both states were small states and poor states, and his career route was not ideal.
Combined with Song Shenzong's single-handedly concocted "Wutai Poetry Case", it can be inferred that Shen Kuo's collection of poems for Su Shi was the instruction of Song Shenzong, and since then, he has been secretly investigating Su Shi and collecting Su Shi's "black materials".
Don't be fooled by "good encounters", just for the sake of His Holiness.
Unfilial Li Ding
The poetry case was fermented in the second year of Yuanfeng.
Su Shi moved from Xuzhou to Huzhou, and arrived on April 21 of the second year of Yuanfeng, and expressed his gratitude to the imperial court as usual:
Chen Shiyan. Grace sent him to the twentieth of this month. The customs of Fu'an, in the southeast number for nothing, the mountains and rivers are clear, the court is so virtuous. Whoever is there is also a choice. Thank you. Fu Nianchen is stubborn and despicable, and his reputation is slight. The arguments are sparse and the literature is shallow. Mortals will have one, but the rulers will have no long. Emperor Hexian's mistake was to set up three pavilions, and after His Majesty's fault, he was paid to two states. It's not that you don't want to be self-excited, and you don't want to be rewarded. The law exists, although it is diligent, how to make up for it. There are many sins, and the ministers still know them. The husband is more than the second state, and he is allowed to borrow money and receive it. Gu Wei has no form, how can he not know the grace. This cover met His Majesty the Emperor, the sky covered the masses, and the sea covered all races. Employing people does not seek to be prepared, and Jiashan can not be reserved. Knowing that he is stupid and uncomfortable, it is difficult to follow the newcomers, and to observe that he is old and unproductive, or can shepherd the small people. And the minister is in Qiantang, happy with its terroir. The nature of fish and birds can not only be satisfied in the rivers and lakes, but also the people of Wu Yue and the decree of Anchen. Dare not obey the law and perform duties diligently, and settle the lawsuit and settle the sentence. The benevolence of the court is widened, and the hope of the father is comforted. There is no responsibility.
After the thank you form is submitted, it should be posted outside the Wende Hall for the courtiers to watch and evaluate.
Thanking the table is a necessary process for officials to take office, which is nothing more than thanking the emperor for his grace and expressing his intention to do a good job in his office. However, Su Shi's "Huzhou Xie Shang Table", some people are more serious, because the sentences in Xie Shang's table have hurt some people's nerves.
On July 4, He Zhengchen, who supervised the imperial history, was the first to attack. He said that Su Shi thanked the above table with a sentence: "If you are stupid and uncomfortable, it is difficult to follow the newcomers; How do you say "new entry"? It refers to a young man promoted by the emperor! This is clearly "fooling the imperial court and arrogant in vain." How can people not be amazed when this remark spreads to China and abroad!
Then he triggered it from "Xie Biao" and attacked Su Shi for "seeing evil, being self-conscious, slandering and scolding, and doing everything." He Zhengchen gave an example: "As soon as there is a disaster of floods and droughts, and thieves change, Shi will propose and blame the new law, and he will be happy, but I am afraid that it will not be very much." He emphatically said, "The great evils of the world, how can they be repeated!"
He Zhengchen bought a collection of Su Shi's engraved poems from the market and presented it to Song Shenzong, begging for "the Ming Dynasty to reward the world".
Song Shenzong could ignore He Zhengchen's slash, but he transferred it to Zhongshu Province. This is an attitude that indicates that he believes that this sword has a certain value and needs to be studied and dealt with by the Zhongshu Province.
Before Zhongshu Province could come up with a handling opinion, another person who supervised the imperial history was presented to Song Shenzong. Shu Yan said:
And Your Majesty, since the new beauty of the law, there are many people who disagree. However, it is only a mess of facts, a slander, and a plan to shake and frustrate; secondly, it is just a ruined belly, but a person who sits and sits and waits, and is fortunate that there is no success in the world. As for those who harbor evil intentions, look at them unjustly, and slander them, but have no revenge on the ministers, they are not like Shi.
Since the reform of the law, some people have fabricated facts to disrupt the public and the public, while some people have not said anything to their faces, but have talked nonsense behind their backs to slander the new law. However, compared to Su Shi, the sins of these people are slight. Su Shi was dissatisfied with the saint, slandered and abused, and had lost the etiquette he should have as a courtier.
If He Zhengchen's impeachment of Su Shi is still a general talk, Shu Yan extracted "examples" from Su Shi's poems:
His Majesty gave money to the poor, and Su Shi wrote poems satirically to encourage the poor people's idleness: "Win the children's language well, and be in the city for a year and a half." ”
His Majesty's legislative class tested the county officials, Su Shi was yin and yang: "If you don't read the law after reading thousands of volumes, you will have no skills for Jun Yao Shun." ”
His Majesty built water conservancy, Su Shi sneered: "If the East China Sea knows the idea, it should be reprimanded to change the mulberry field." ”
His Majesty forbade smuggling salt, but Su Shi wrote a poem alluding to the fact that the people couldn't eat salt: "How can you forget the smell of Shao and forget the taste, and eat no salt in March." ”
Shu Kang's intention was obvious: Su Shi was working against the emperor! Then, Shu Kang provoked with vicious language:
At this time, Shi was in the name of Gou, useless Qu Xue, the official was the provincial lang, the post was in the literary museum, and the pawn was sent to the office, and the so-called two thousand stones were all ancient. The ministers don't know why His Majesty is inferior to the world and his generation, and Shi dares to be sluggish and fearless, so that it is.
The day after Shu Yan was on the table, Li Ding, the middle of the imperial history, couldn't wait to go to the sword again, listing Su Shi as having four "abolishable crimes":
First, he still did not want to repent even though his evil deeds had already been noted; second, the emperor patiently educated Su Shi, but it had no effect on his ideological reform, and he could only be "abolished"; third, Su Shi's remarks were very demagogic and it was necessary to physically eliminate him; fourth, Su Shi was resentful of not being taken seriously, scolded his superiors and subordinates, and vented his personal grievances, which cannot be forgiven by the law.
Li Ding's so-called "abolishing" is to kill Su Shi.
On July 3, Song Shenzong finally issued a holy decree: send Yu Shi Taigen to investigate and play. "Root investigation", that is, a thorough investigation. With this holy decree, the Imperial Observatory can open a case for investigation.
He Zhengchen, Shu Yan, and Li Ding are the initiators of the Wutai poetry case, what grievances did they have with Su Shi in the past?
He Zhengchen, a native of Jiangxi, is the same age as Su Shi. Jiangxi is a prodigy, Yan Shu was given the same Jinshi at the age of 14, and Wang Anshi's "Zhongyong" is also a Jiangxi prodigy. He Zhengchen was 8 years old and gave him the birth of a child, and Song Renzong also wrote a poem for him, "Song of Returning to the Hometown of He Zhengchen, a prodigy".
However, He Zhengchen was very late, until the fourth year of Zhiping, when Su Shi was guarding filial piety in Meishan, and the two did not know each other. During the Xining period, there is no information showing that the two had any intersection.
Shu Kang, the word Xindao, a native of Cixi, was a jinshi in the second year of Zhiping, and was awarded the rank of Linhai County Lieutenant. The county lieutenant was in charge of public security, and Shu Yan abused his power and killed his subordinates without trial, so he had to resign and return to his hometown.
Wang Anshi took a fancy to him and asked him to supervise the implementation of the Qingmiao Law in various places, and Xining was promoted to the Yushitai in the eighth year.
Shu Yanwen is good, and there are more than 50 poems that have been handed down. However, he has no contact with Su Shi.
In the imperial history, Li Ding was regarded as a man of the hour in the early days of the reform.
Li Ding is seven years younger than Wang Anshi, a native of Yangzhou, "History of the Song Dynasty" records that he "learned less from Wang Anshi", Wang Anshi was twenty-four years old and went to Huainan to serve as a judge, and his place of work was in Yangzhou, and Li Ding should have been taught at this time. A few years later, Li Dingzhong was promoted to the rank of military judge in Xiuzhou (present-day Jiaxing, Zhejiang), which was equivalent to a military assistant in Zhizhou, and his position was not high.
In April of the third year of Xining, Li Dingzhi entered Beijing and waited for the next appointment. He first went to visit Li Chang of the Zhiyuan Academy, Li Chang asked about the implementation of the Xiuzhou Qingmiao Law, Li Ding did not know that the old and new parties were arguing over the Qingmiao Law, and replied stupidly: "The common people feel convenient and support this new policy very much." Li Chang was unhappy and told him: "Don't say such things when you see others." ”
The next day, Li Ding went to visit Wang Anshi, and told Wang Anshi what happened to Li Chang, complaining: "When the students first came to the capital, they didn't know that there were still taboos, but they just told the truth. Since the introduction of the Qingmiao Law, this is the first magistrate to report the good news, Wang Anshi was very happy, and secretly recommended Li Ding to Song Shenzong, Li Ding came to operate at this time and entered the fast lane of his career.
Most of Wang Anshi's henchmen are such strange things
Li Ding's appearance is equivalent to a slap in the face to the old party. Song Shenzong expelled Li Chang from the Imperial Court and intended to be succeeded by Li Ding. But at this time, Li Ding broke out a scandal.
Li Ding served as the chief secretary of Jing County before the military judge of Xiuzhou, during which his biological mother Qiu died, Li Ding concealed it and did not report it, and did not mourn for his mother.
Qiu is Li Ding's father's concubine, and although his status is low, he is his biological mother after all, so how can he not mourn for his biological mother? This is a bombshell, and his adopted son is not filial, which is contrary to human morality, so how can he be an official? If the revelations are true, let alone being an imperial historian, Li Ding's career will probably end ahead of schedule.
Song Shenzong ordered an investigation and found that this Qiu had left the Li family very early, and Li Ding did not know who his biological mother was. Later, Li Ding heard the rumors and asked his father for verification, but his father concealed the truth and told him that his biological mother was not Qiu's.
It seems that the matter can come to an end, but I don't want another incident to happen a month later, which is in stark contrast to Li Ding, and finally affects Li Ding's career.
Zhu Shouchang in the driving department, his biological mother Liu is also his father's concubine, gave birth to Zhu Shouchang for more than a year, was sold to Zhu's mansion, and he didn't know where to go. Zhu Shouchang missed his mother, so he simply resigned from his official position and walked everywhere looking for his mother. Perhaps his filial piety touched God, and he really found his mother after fifty years of separation.
Zhu Shouchang's deeds of abandoning the official to find his mother reached the imperial court at this time, and people wrote poems to praise him, including Su Shi.
Some analysts said that Su Shi wrote poems to praise Zhu Shouchang, which brought out Li Ding's unfilial piety and made Li Ding very embarrassed, so Li Ding waited for an opportunity to retaliate and launched the Wutai poetry case, and He Zhengchen and Shu Yan were all instructed by Li Ding.
This should not be the whole truth of the matter. Su Shi once compared Wang Anshi and Lu Huiqing to Dong Zhuo and Wang Mang, and Wang Anshi wanted to use Xie Jingwen to fight Su Shi, but he was unsuccessful.
How could Li Ding do what Wang Anshi could not do? Therefore, Li Ding must have received the approval and even instigation of a larger figure, and the energy of this figure was above Wang Anshi, and he was Song Shenzong.
The flatterer Zhang Qi
After receiving the emperor's edict, Yushitai immediately sent people to Huzhou to arrest Su Shi and put him in prison.
The emperor appointed two presiding judges, one was Zhang Qi of the Imperial Academy, and the other was Li Ding, the middle of the imperial history.
Zhang Qi's original name was Zhang Hu, he was Su Shi's jinshi in the same year, and when Su Shi signed the sentence of Fengxiang Mansion, Zhang Qi served as Fengxiang Facao, and the two were relatively close in the past.
In November of the eighth year of Jiayou, Zhang Qi was transferred back to Beijing, and Su Shi gave him a gift, saying "Jia Shuo", using farming as a metaphor to learn and do things, and telling the truth of accumulation:
I am also interested in learning, unfortunately and early to be the same year as my son, my son's gain, can not be said to be not early. Although I want to think that I am insufficient, I have already put it in vain. Woohoo! My son is going here, and he is also studying! Broad view and appointment, thick accumulation and thin hair, I tell my son to stop here.
Both of them were very young when they were admitted to the Jinshi and were praised by everyone, but Su Shi thought he was inadequate and persuaded Zhang Qi to insist on studying.
Su Shi also specially explained at the end of the article, if you see Su Zhe in the capital, you will also tell him this truth. It can be seen that Su Shi intended to let Su Zhe and Zhang Qi travel, and regarded Zhang Qi as a "person in the circle".
However, Zhang Qi is a villain who sees the wind and steers, and the biography of "History of the Song Dynasty" records that Liu Zhi impeached him: "At the beginning of Anshi, Hui Qing was attached, and Wang Qi was followed. Several people have different natures, but they can probe and betray, obey left and right, and get their own favor. In a word, who's in office and whom.
360-degree chrysanthemum licking master Zhang Qi without dead ends
After clinging to the new party, Zhang Qi threw aside these friends from the old party, including Su Shi. Now seeing that Su Shi was going to be unlucky, Zhang Qi stepped on a foot as a ladder for himself to enter.
As soon as the interrogation began, Zhang Qi commanded: "Is there a Danshu iron coupon that can be avoided death within five generations of ancestors?" The implication is that he will definitely die this time.
Shu Yan has already listed the so-called content of Su Shi's poems that "harbor evil intentions, look at them unjustly, and slander them", but it is not enough, they have to expand their results through interrogation. For this reason, more than 70 people were consulted to exchange texts with Su Shi, and Su Shi was coerced and lured to confess that he had the intention of ridiculing the court and interfering in current affairs.
Of course, Su Shi will not admit Yu Shitai's accusations. According to records, Su Shi was imprisoned on 18 August, and he made a confession on 20 August, and Su Shi only admitted that the poem "Mountain Village" was related to current affairs, and the rest of the text had nothing to do with current affairs; on 22 August and 24 September, he made a confession and insisted that there was no work of ridicule.
However, by the 30th, the interrogation had progressed, and Su Shi confessed the names of the people who had been in contact with the poems, and admitted that there were sarcastic texts.
What happened in the prison between the 24th and the 30th?
Su Song, the former governor of Kaifeng Mansion, was impeached by Shu Kang for "dereliction of duty" and was also imprisoned in the Imperial History Tower. He wrote a poem while in prison, and the preface reads:
In September, he went to the imperial history, and Wen Zizhan had been tied first. Yu lives in the East Pavilion of the Third Courtyard, and Zizhan is in the south of Zhiza, only separated by a wall, and cannot communicate with each other. Because of the four poems, I thought it was a gimmick to meet on a different day.
Su Shi was locked up alone in a room, separated from Su Song by a wall. So what did Su Song hear?
But he took pity on Wu Xingshou and couldn't bear to hear it all night.
Because Su Shi knew Huzhou, it was "Wu Xingshou". The sound of insults in Su Shi's house was endless, and he stayed all night, and even the people next door couldn't stand it. It can be seen that Su Shi was at least subjected to tremendous mental torture in prison.
After the Wutai poetry case ended, Su Shi did not mention anything about the matter in prison, and it is unknown whether he was physically tortured. However, Su Shi once revealed some information in a poem:
Last year, the Imperial History Mansion touched the four walls.
The secluded hundred-foot well, there is no seat in the sky.
The wall is singing and singing, and he hates himself for losing his plan.
I can't bear to write poems, and I can't bear to write them, and my tears stain the paper and pen.
What a blessing for the rest of your life, happy things to do today.
The poem is written about the despair at that time.
In the sixth year of Yuanyou, Su Shi revealed in a slash: "When you go to prison, you want to die without food, and the first emperor sent an envoy to prison, and there is an appointment, so the jailer does not dare to add wrongdoing." "Because of Song Shenzong's restraints, the jailers showed mercy to him. Even so, he had thought about dying on a hunger strike.
In the book "Kong's Talking Garden", it is also mentioned that Su Shi planned to take medicine and die:
From being to the Beijing Division, he went to the Imperial Prison. Li Ding, Shu Kang, and He Zhengchen dealt with him, and he was very anxious to invade him, and he wanted to condemn him. Zizhan is worried about death, taste the green gold pill, that is, collect the rest, in the soil of the cellar, in case he should die, and take it to suicide.
Su Shi is good at Taoism, good health, and has Qingjin Pill on his body, this kind of prescription, the right amount can cure diseases, and the overdose can cause death, Su Shi buried it in the soil, and once there was bad news, he planned to commit suicide to maintain the last dignity of the intellectual.
Su Shi spent more than 130 days and nights in prison for the darkest time of his life, and Zhang Qi and Li Ding finally got their wish and got a "confession".
At the time of Li Ding's initial impeachment, he attacked Su Shi for "having no scholarship at the beginning, indiscriminately gaining fame at the time, occasionally in different disciplines, and then chattering about the Confucian Pavilion", but after this interrogation, he had to admire Su Shi's talent:
Li Ding was imprisoned in Dongpo and was unstoppable. One day, Yu Chongzheng Palace's foreign language was listed in the same column: Su Shi is also a genius. I don't dare to do it. He also said: The poems and essays written in the first twenty or thirty years of Shi, citing scriptures and history, answer questions as they go, without a word difference, and they are really geniuses in the world. Sigh for a long time.
Su Shi is well-read and has an excellent memory, and he still remembers the poems and writings of twenty or thirty years ago clearly, and even his political enemies can't help but sigh.
Zhang Qi and Li Ding wanted to put Su Shi to death, but in the Song Dynasty system, Yushitai could only try the case, and the verdict and punishment were resentenced by the Dali Temple and the trial court.
The result of the first trial of Dali Temple was "two years as an apprentice, and he will be pardoned", which means that he should be imprisoned for two years according to the crime committed, but the court has pardoned crimes from time to time, and Su Shi's crimes are among the pardons, so he can be acquitted.
Yu Shitai was extremely dissatisfied with the verdict of Dali Temple, and the above letter emphasized that Su Shi's intentions were sinister, and how could he not be killed! However, the review of the trial and punishment court supported Dali Temple and suggested that Su Shi should be exempted from punishment.
Shenzong was unwilling to let Su Shi go, and on December 26, he specially appointed Su Shi as the deputy envoy of the Huangzhou regiment training, and he was placed in this state, and he was not allowed to sign official affairs, which was equivalent to probation.
The so-called "special responsibility" is to use the emperor's power to make extrajudicial judgments, and the original intention of killing Su Shi is lenient, but the trial opinions of the judicial department are dealt with severely.
The Wutai poetry case has just settled.
This article is excerpted from "Su Shi's Circle of Friends", which has been authorized by the publisher to be published exclusively. The book introduces Su Shi and his friends and foes, and shows the Xifeng Reform Law and Yuan You's New Deal at close range.
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