Beijing, an ancient capital with a history of more than 3,000 years, its splendid culture, long history, rich monuments, like a rich treasure, endless. In the present it is even more as our capital. However, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Beijing, also known as Beiping, faced a huge danger, and it was likely that it would be bombarded by artillery fire and everything would be destroyed.
Fu Zuoyi, as the commander of the Bandits in North China, after the liberation of Tianjin, led a total of 250,000 of his men to guard the city of Beiping, in a vain attempt to use this city as king.
At that time, the People's Liberation Army attacked Peiping with many difficulties. First of all, Beiping, as the capital of many dynasties, has a stable city defense, easy to defend and difficult to attack; secondly, it has a strong historical background and many historical and cultural monuments. Once the war began, these were bound to be severely damaged; in the end, there were millions of people in the city at that time, so many people that the people could easily be injured by mistake. If Fu Zuoyi had defended the city with all his might and resisted to the death, the two sides would have suffered heavy casualties.
In 1949, after three consultations, Fu Zuoyi, who finally broke through the psychological defense line, promised to peacefully liberate Peiping. Signed the Agreement on the Peaceful Settlement of the Peking Issue. According to the agreement, Fu Zuoyi's 250,000 men all withdrew from the urban area one after another and joined the People's Liberation Army.
On January 31, the People's Liberation Army officially entered the city to take over the defense, and Peiping was peacefully liberated!
The peaceful liberation of Peiping is a great joy in Chinese history and the result of the efforts of countless people, but the name of one of them can never be avoided.
This great hero was Fu Zuoyi's biological daughter, Fu Dongju.
But why did Fu Dongju, who had made such a great contribution, not later become a high-ranking official?
Fu Dongju
First, conceal his father and secretly join the Communist Party
Fu Dongju's father, Fu Zuoyi, was a senior general in the Nationalist Army who participated in the Xinhai Revolution in 1911. In 1915, he studied at the Baoding Military Academy for a while, and by 1924, he had served as the commander of the Jin Army. Subsequently, he participated in the Northern Expedition and the Central Plains War. However, as far as the relationship with Chiang Kai-shek is concerned, it is not a concubine of Chiang Kai-shek.
Fu Dongju was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi in 1924, the first child born to Fu Zuoyi and his original wife. Because it was winter, Fu Zuoyi named her "Dongju".
When she was a child, Fu Dongju was like those ladies, who knew how to be literate and self-cultivating. As a father, Fu Zuoyi also loved this clever and clever daughter very much, but because of his busy official duties, he rarely had time to spend with his daughter. In 1941, Fu Zuoyi, who was busy fighting the Japanese army, sent them to Chongqing for their safety.
This decision changed Fu Dongju's future at once.
During his studies in Chongqing, Fu Dongju, who was only 17 years old, came into contact with a large number of advanced ideas, which broadened his original horizons a lot. Coupled with the frequent access to some party members, Fu Dongju's concept has changed, and she has gradually tended to support our party. In his heart, he voluntarily joined the Clarion Society led by the CCP and gradually grew into a qualified fighter. So our party secretly recruited her as an underground party member. After becoming an underground party member, Fu Dongju successfully helped our party carry out many underground activities.
After graduating from college, Fu Dongju became a journalist. He regarded the press as his own war and repeatedly published progressive ideas in the press. Although his father was a high-ranking Kuomintang official, Fu Dongju secretly became a communist party member in 1947 due to his good performance. Since then, she has had a completely different identity from her father.
Fu Zuoyi
2. Peaceful liberation of Beiping
After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Fu Zuoyi, who ruled North China with an army of more than 600,000 troops, was immediately valued by Chiang Kai-shek. However, the relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and Fu Zuoyi was not so close.
First of all, during the Battle of Huaihai, Chiang Kai-shek co-opted Fu Zuoyi, hoping that he would abandon North China and lead 600,000 people into the Huaihai Battlefield. But Fu Zuoyi refused.
Later, after the Liaoshen Campaign, the direction of the PLA's strategic decisive battle shifted to North China. The soldiers divided into two roads and surrounded the Beiping regiment. After Peiping was besieged, Chiang Kai-shek asked him to retreat south. Later, Chiang Kai-shek sent Jiang Weiguo to him with a handwritten letter to show that he valued him. At that time, As the commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, White Gill also told him that she could provide him with naval assistance.
But all this was rejected by Fu Zuoyi.
At that time, the situation was very critical, and the People's Liberation Army besieging Peiping could only wait for Chairman Mao's order to attack the city. However, Chairman Mao considered the overall situation and did not rush to attack. Instead, he chose to encircle and not attack, waiting for Fu Zuoyi's performance.
In 1948, Chairman Mao hoped for the peaceful liberation of Peiping and proposed to win over Fu Zuoyi. He sent someone to Tianjin to find Fu Zuoyi's daughter Fu Dongju. Zeng Ping, an underground party member sent by the North China Bureau's City Work Department, found Fu Dongju and put forward an order from his superiors:
Fu Dongju was asked to return to her father. She worked in two important jobs, one was to use her father's identity to learn some confidential information and documents. The other is to see if he can do fu zuoyi's work and persuade him.
Fu Dongju knew the importance of this task and accepted it without hesitation, guaranteeing it
: I will certainly live up to my mission
。 Later, on the pretext of taking care of his father's life, he stayed with Fu Zuoyi.
Fu Dongju family photo
When the People's Liberation Army besieged Beiping, Fu Zuoyi was unable to sleep and eat, and was under tremendous mental pressure. Fu Dongju recalled:
I saw my father sitting alone in his room at night because of his entanglements, slapping himself, hitting the wall with his head, and even trying to kill himself by biting the matchhead.
Fu Dongju, who witnessed all this with his own eyes, saw the pain in his eyes. She was eager to help her father and took the opportunity to tell him about many communist ideas. Help him see the situation clearly, and only by surrendering to the Communist Party is the wisest choice.
Soon after, Fu Zuoyi also realized the identity of his daughter, and at first Fu Zuoyi was shocked and a little angry. Ask Fu Dongju to go back to Tianjin, and don't mention this matter again. Fu Dongju still insisted, saying:
What a difficult situation you are in now, as your eldest daughter, I will never leave you.
”
After all, it was his own daughter, although he knew her true identity, Fu Zuoyi did not poke the matter out. Later, Fu Dongju talked to his father many times, and each time deliberately put some reading materials published in the Liberated Areas on Fu Zuoyi's desk.
Under the influence of Fu Dongju, Fu Zuoyi's thoughts gradually shook. Not long after, Fu Zuoyi invited Deng Baoshan. This friend he trusted, while maintaining close contact with Yan'an, was the best candidate for negotiation. After three negotiations, on January 21, 1949, Fu Zuoyi finally made up his mind. It was announced that Peiping accepted the peaceful reorganization and agreed to the agreement for the peaceful liberation of Peiping. On January 31, the People's Liberation Army officially entered the city, and Peiping declared its peaceful liberation.
The peaceful liberation of Peiping, the difficulties and twists in this, the difficulty of inches, the slightest wrong step, the consequences are unimaginable. In the history books, it is only a hasty belt. Fu Dongju, who is a Communist Party, played a key role in mediating back and forth in it regardless of his life and safety. Without her matchmaking, this would never have gone so smoothly. The peaceful liberation of Peiping, Fu Dongju should remember the great merits.
Fu Dongju of the elderly
Third, do not chase high-ranking officials Houlu, and engage in the work they love all their lives
After Fu Dongju made a great contribution, he did not take pride in his achievements and continued to stay in the original newspaper, clinging to his news work all his life and not caring about other external things. Later, he followed the Second Field Army to the southwest region. During this period, she often had to go deep into the front line and went to dangerous combat areas many times to do interviews. Personally recorded the most real combat situation, the battle situation.
At the same time, he participated in the creation of Yunnan Daily and became one of the journalists in the early days of New China.
Until 1982, Fu Dongju, who was sent to work in Hong Kong, was no more than the editorial director of the Xinhua news agency. There is no high position in the back.
People who have met Fu Dongju have said: It is difficult to imagine standing in front of her, a simplely dressed, resolute eyes, she was once a pampered bureaucratic rich lady.
Fu Dongju insisted on low-key and calm until she grew old. Neither relying on herself to be Fu Zuoyi's daughter, what will happen after the door. Even more, because he was a hero of the peaceful liberation of Peiping, he was proud of his merits and asked for a high-ranking official Houlu.
Fu Dongju, who is passionate about charity, donated her savings over the years to poor students after retirement to fund their studies. A Hope Primary School was built in a poor village in Shanxi, named after his father, "Zuoyi Primary School".
In 2007, Fu Dongju, 83 years old, died of illness.
Nearly sixty years have passed since the peaceful liberation of Peiping. Sixty years later, Beiping became Beijing and became a new look. And the city will always remember everything That Fu Dongju did for it, and pass it on in the long river of history.