Around 262 AD, the internal situation in the Shu state was unstable, and there would be discord, and the monarchs were suspicious. The contradictions between Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan and Jiang Wei, and between Jiang Wei and the eunuch Huang Hao, became increasingly acute, making Jiang Wei almost unable to gain a foothold in the court and forced to leave Yizhou with his troops and go to Gansu. Jiang Wei's move was called going to Tun Tian in Puzhong, in fact, he supported the soldiers in Puzhong to respect himself, so as to protect himself. Jiang Wei led the main force to this move, leaving the Shu state of Hanzhong and Yizhou defense empty, leaving an opportunity for the State of Wei to take advantage of.
Sima Zhao, a powerful minister of the State of Wei, keenly captured this once-in-a-lifetime fighter and immediately lost no time in launching the Battle of Shu. Sima Zhao sent the wei generals Zhong Hui and Deng Ai as commanders, and in the autumn and August of the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), a grand ceremony was held in Luoyang, and the 160,000 Wei army took the road to Guanzhong and began a campaign against the Shu state.
Although Sima Zhao was a notorious careerist, he was indeed a good hand at fighting wars with soldiers. He planned a perfect and thorough battle plan for this unprecedented war, and the selected leading commander Zhong Hui Deng Ai was a first-class general of the State of Wei, and the troops he brought were very strong, far exceeding the strength of the whole country of Shu, and the State of Shu came to the final moment of life and death.
Jiang Wei's garrison was first attacked by the Wei general Deng Ai. Jiang Wei did not dare to fall in love with the battle, rushed out of the encirclement circle and rushed to Hanzhong, and finally occupied the Sword Pavilion before the arrival of the Wei army, blocking the Wei army outside the Gate of Yizhou. However, Deng Ai surprised his troops to cross the yinping road, bypass the Shu army's defense line, and in one fell swoop, they invaded the hinterland of the Shu state and appeared on the Chengdu plain, and the situation in the Shu state was precarious.
At the critical moment, the Shu general Zhuge Zhan led more than 20,000 forbidden troops out of the city to meet Deng Ai. In the Battle of Mianzhu, Zhuge Zhanfen fought in spite of his blood, but was still surrounded and annihilated by Deng Ai, shedding the last drop of blood for the Shu kingdom. Zhuge Zhan was Zhuge Liang's son and died for the country, but the history books have a low opinion of him.
The "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" evaluates Zhuge Zhan as "a praiseworthy reputation, but there is a reality", he is a silver-like pewter gun head with a vain name and no real name, and when the eunuch Huang Hao was in a dictatorship, "the eunuch Huang Hao stole the handle of the machine", and Zhuge Zhan, as a Wei general, "protected the Xian Communist General and was incompetent", not only did not stand up to fight against it, but instead protected huang Hao's officials and officials, shielding and covering.
Judging from Zhuge Zhan's life experience, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms has a low evaluation of him, mainly for two reasons. First, although Zhuge Zhan was zhuge liang's son, he really failed to inherit Zhuge Liang's excellent talents, whether it was using soldiers or governing the country, he was indeed lackluster, and he was in a high position but did not play his due role. In the face of the eunuch Huang Hao's chaos in the government, he could not stand up to it and lead to serious consequences.
Secondly, Chen Shou, the author of the history book "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", also has contradictions with Zhuge Liang's father and son. The Book of Jin records that Chen Shou's father served under the Shu general Ma Chen. Ma Mo was killed in the Battle of Jieting, and Chen Shou's father was also affected, and was punished by Zhuge Liang with the "punishment of the head of the skull", the so-called "head of the hair" is to shave the hair, in ancient times it was a punishment with insulting colors, so that the Chen Shou family was humiliated for many years.
Coincidentally, after Chen Shou became an adult, he also served as the chief bookkeeper under Zhuge Zhan, and the Book of Shu clearly records that "Chen Shou tasted as a Zhan official and was humiliated by Zhan Zhan", and he was also punished by his superior Zhuge Zhan. Therefore, in a sense, the Chen Shou family and the Zhuge Liang family can be said to be "feuds". Under this premise, Chen Shou did not have a good feeling for Zhuge Zhan, and deliberately exaggerated and highlighted Zhuge Zhan's mistakes and sins in the history books, which is also a reasonable thing.
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Jin