Linjiangxian (Yang Shen)
The water rolling in the east of the Yangtze River, the waves exhaust the heroes.
Success or failure turns empty. The green mountains are still there, and the sunset is red a few degrees.
White-haired fisherman on the river, used to watch the autumn moon and spring breeze.
A pot of turbid wine is a happy encounter. How many things in ancient and modern times are in the process of laughter.
Chen Shou was the author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and a famous historian of the Three Kingdoms and Western Jin Dynasties. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms has high historical value, and it can also be seen from the comparison between the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that Chen Shou was cautious in selecting historical materials. However, Chen Shou's personal morality has always been controversial, and has long carried the stigma of "Somi's biography". The key is that the matter of "Somi's biography" is seen in the canonical history, so it is recognized and accepted by many people, and Chen Shoukou is criticized. The following small editor will talk about Chen Shou's "Somi's biography" and the authenticity of "Somi's biography".
Found in the "Biography of Somi li" in the Book of Jin
Chen Shou's "Biography of Somi Li" is found in the JinShu Chen Shou Biography. Cao Wei had two literary brothers, Ding Yi and Ding Yi, who were probably related to the Ding family, who often married the Cao family, and were also cao Zhi's henchmen. The brothers Ding Yi and Ding Yi were once valuable and "famous in Wei", and Chen Shou asked Er Ding's son for a thousand pieces of rice, promising to beautify Er Ding when he passed on the biography. Erding's son did not send rice to Chen Shou, so Chen Shou did not pass on the word for Ding Yi and Ding Shu.
The Biography of Chen Shou of the Jin Dynasty: "Or Yun Ding Yi and Ding Hui are famous in Wei, and Shou is said to be his son: 'You can find a thousand humi to see and be a good legend for the honorable prince.'" 'Ding did not go with it, but did not establish a tradition.' ”
In addition, there is also an incident recorded in the Book of Jin, which is also the "corroboration" that Chen Shou is not a good history. During Zhuge Liang's first attack, Chen Shou's father joined the army as Ma Chen and was tortured (shaved with humiliating nature) by Zhuge Liang; Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan despised Chen Shou. Therefore, Chen Shou has a demeaning evaluation of Zhuge Liang's father and son in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, and Zhuge Liang's Biography" and the appendix "Zhuge Zhan". This matter is only used as a supplement and reference, and this article is still aimed at the "Somili biography".
"Jin Shu Chen Shou Biography": "Shou is Liang Li Chuan, said that Liang will be slightly not long, no enemy talent, words and works, the name is exaggerated." ”
A debate about the authenticity of the "Somiri biography"
Some people believe in the "Somi biography", and naturally some people oppose it. There are many historians who have refuted the "Somi li biography". Xiaobian will summarize three points first.
I. The Book of Jin is recorded in the Yulin
Although the Book of Jin records this incident, it uses the uncertain tone of "or cloud". This proves that the compilers themselves are not sure of the authenticity of this historical material, but in order to be more comprehensive, it is adopted and added "or cloud" to distinguish it. So where did the "Sommy Biography" come from? In fact, it comes from a notebook novel from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, "Yulin". The Yulin was written by Pei Qi, a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the original book has been lost, but quotations can still be found in other ancient books.
The "Art and Literature Gathering and Food Department" quotes the "Yulin": "Chen Shou will be the national chronicle, called Ding LiangZhou: If you can find a thousand hu rice to see the borrowing, when it is a good legend for the honorable public, Ding does not work with the rice, so there is no transmission." ”
"Yulin" is a note-taking novel, and the historical value is naturally not as high as that of the main history. The Book of Jin adopts the content of the Yulin, which shows that the "Biography of Somi Li" is not true.
Second, Ding Yi and Ding Yi had little influence
Ding Yi and Ding Yi once had influence in Cao Wei, which was indeed no problem, but compared to other people who wrote in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, the influence of the Ding brothers was limited. The Qing Dynasty scholar Zhu Yizun used the "Three Kingdoms Zhi, Wei Shu, Wang Wei'er Liu Fu Biography" as evidence to refute the "Somi Li Biography". Among the Cao Wei scribes, Chen Shou only had a biography of Wang Cang, Wei Qian, Liu Shu, Liu Shao, and Fu Da, and the biography of Wang Yue was followed by Xu Gan, Chen Lin, Ruan Yu, Ying Yao, and Liu Zhen, all of whom were characters in the "Seven Sons of Jian'an" and had considerable influence on literary scholars. In addition, Handan Chun, Fan Qin, Lu Chu, Yang Xiu, Gou Wei, Ding Yi and Ding Yi were just a passing stroke.
The "Seven Sons of Jian'an" could not be passed on independently, and Ding Yi and Ding Yi were naturally not enough for Chen Shou to establish a biography. Moreover, if Ding Yi and Ding Yi did not establish a biography and could not succeed in seeking rice, then wouldn't the scribes who were juxtaposed with them also have a similar reason? Therefore, the "Somi Li Biography" is not credible.
"Exposure Of the Book Pavilion Collection, Chen Shou": "Shou Yu Wei Wenshi was only Wang Yue, Wei Qi,and so on... If Xu Gan, Chen Lin, Ruan Yu, Ying Yu, and Liu Zhen only wrote in the appendix of the Yue Chuan, why should Pi Dingyi and Ding Yu stand alone? ”
Third, Ding Yi and Ding Yi were planted with male mouths
Ding Yi and Ding Xi were Cao Zhi's henchmen, and Cao Zhi and Cao Pi competed again, and in the end, Cao Pi won. As a brother and a clan, Cao Zhi would not be overly liquidated by Cao Pi, and the Ding brothers might not be. Cao Cao died, Cao Pi was the throne of Wei, and the fate of the Ding brothers could be imagined. The Ding brothers were murdered, and the male population of the family was killed.
Chen Shou was a Native of Shu Han and had been an official in Shu Han until after the fall of Shu Han, when Chen Shou entered the Western Jin Dynasty as an official. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the Ding brothers were exterminated by the clan, and it was impossible for the descendants of the Ding clan to meet Chen Shou, let alone the "Somi Li Biography".
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Rencheng Chen Xiao Wang's Biography": "Emperor Wen was the throne, and Ding Yi, Ding Yi, and his male mouth were noted. ”
However, this is somewhat controversial. Ding Xi's wife wrote a "Widow's Endowment", which included the sentence "Holding a weak son to masturbate", perhaps Cao Pi did not kill the ding brothers' heirs, or Ding Xi's wife was still pregnant at that time.
"Art and Literature Gathering , Renbu XVIII" quotes Wei Ding's wife", "Widow Endowment": "With misery, how to sue, hug a weak son to masturbate." ”
Chen Shou's true attitude towards Ding Yi and Ding Shu: not only did he not retaliate, but he also took care of him
The above three views are enough to show that the "Somi Li biography" is not credible. In fact, Chen Shou not only did not retaliate against the Ding brothers, but instead took care of them. This point is very obvious in the biography of Cui Yan, the biography of Mao Jiu, the biography of Xu Yi, and the biography of He Kui.
Cui Yan, Mao Jiu, and Xu Yi were Cao Cao's subordinates, and the three of them had one thing in common, and they were all persecuted by rumors. Cui Yan was forced to die by Cao Cao because of rumors; Mao Jiu, because of Cui Yan's death, harbored dissatisfaction and sympathy, and the defendant went to Cao Cao, fortunately, Huan Jie, Heqia and others came out to save each other, Mao Jie was spared death, but imprisoned for life; Xu Yi was alienated and persecuted by Ding Yi, although there was no prison disaster, but his career was also affected.
In the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, in addition to Xu Yi's explicit record of being killed by Ding Yi, the records of Cui Yan and Mao Jiu were "there were Bai Yan who was proud of the world in this book" and "there was a bai jie later", as if he was a passerby who did not deserve to record his name. Let's look at the accounts in other historical sources.
Fu Zi: "Cui Yan and Xu Yi, for a time Qingxian, all appeared in the Wei Dynasty with their loyalty; Ding Yijian, Xu Yi lost his position and Cui Yan was cursed." ”
"Book of Wei": "Yi is not good enough, Zi (He Kui) friends Mao Jiu, Jiu and other Yi have been harmed." ”
From the comparison of these historical materials, it can be seen that Chen Shou avoided at least two incidents of Ding Yi's persecution of Xianchen. It can be said that Chen Shou still has a review of the image of the Ding brothers.
brief summary
Although there is no shortage of skeptics and rebuttals, the "Somi Li Biography" has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and has been cited by many scholars and poets. Chen Shou's image also changed from a good history to a history of Yu, and the historical value of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms was affected. In fact, it is not difficult to see from the above various statements that Chen Shou's "Somi Li Biography" is false, and hui protecting the Ding clan is real. What's more, if the Ding brothers are given a biography, regardless of literary contributions, most of them are also records of the Ding brothers teasing Cao Cao to abolish Chang Li and persecuting his colleagues, how can it become a "good biography"? Here Xiaobian had to shout for Chen Shou that he had been wronged.
References: "Book of Jin", "Art and Literature Cluster", "Collection of Exposed Books", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "How do you view the "Chen Shou Somi" recorded in the "Jin Shu Chen Shou Biography"? 》