The Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty was an era of iron blood, when countless tyrants took advantage of the situation, xian duoliang came into being, and the fierce generals who tried to make a name for themselves on the battlefield were innumerable. They either strategized or spent their lives on horseback, making that era wonderful. Perusing that history, most people will be triggered by infinite pride. However, that period of history, although bloody, is not lacking in things that make people feel depressed. For example, in 263 AD, Cao Wei launched a war to destroy Shu, and the general Jiang Wei led a large army to stand with Zhong Hui at the Sword Pavilion, but suddenly received an order to surrender, and at the same time, he also learned that Shu Han had perished. This incident made his soldiers indignant, and they cut stones to vent their anger. Obviously, the front line had not yet given up, so why did Liu Chan take the initiative to surrender in the rear?
It turned out that at that time, Cao Wei's soldiers were divided into three ways to cut shu, namely Zhong Hui, Deng Ai and Zhuge Xu, before that, Zhuge Xu had been framed by Zhong Hui and taken back to Luoyang; Jiang Wei restrained Zhong Hui at the Sword Pavilion and made Zhong Hui fall behind, and the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms records: "(Zhong Hui) attacked the Sword Pavilion, did not ke, retreated, and the Shu army refused to defend." However, Deng Ai took advantage of this opportunity to lead his troops to sneak across Yinping, defeat Zhuge Zhan, and directly attack the city of Chengdu. In the face of the sudden appearance of Wei Bing, Liu Chan did not resist, but tied himself up and surrendered. Although Deng Ai's appearance caught Liu Chan off guard, Shu Han still had Jiang Wei and others, and there were nearly 100,000 troops, so why did they surrender so easily?
Speaking of which, many people may think that this is inseparable from The Week. According to records, when Deng Aibing approached the city, Liu Chan did not know how to be good, and the courtiers did not agree with each other, some suggested abandoning the city and fleeing to the south, some suggesting surrendering to their allies Eastern Wu, and others suggesting directly surrendering Kaesong. Yu Zhou belonged to the camp of the Descending Wei faction, and he came out to say that Cao Wei was strong and Sun Wu was weak, and if he turned to Sun Wu, when Wei destroyed Wu in the future, Shu Han would also experience the humiliation of surrender; going to Nanzhong was not a one-time thing, and it was not realistic to go temporarily. At that time, most people were six gods and no masters, so they were persuaded by his methodical views, and Liu Chan also made up his mind to surrender Kaesong.
This view is valid in this way, but if we think about it carefully, we will find that this is not the case at all. Because of the great Shu Han Dynasty, no one even asked for war or put forward the viewpoint of defending. Shu Han obviously had soldiers and generals, so why did this happen? Xiao Bian believes that this is closely related to the demise of a person, who is no one else, but Zhuge Zhan, the son of Zhuge Liang. Why? Let's take a look at what impact Zhuge Zhan's defeat had on shu Han.
First, it affects morale
Zhuge Zhan was the son of Shu Xiang Zhuge Liang, and although he lost his father at the age of eight and was almost never cultivated by Zhuge Liang, he was intelligent since childhood, coupled with his father's fame, including Liu Chan, most people in Shu Han had high hopes for him. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms records: "Zhan Gong calligraphy and painting, strong knowledge, Shu people remember Liang, Xian love his talents, every imperial court has a good government, although it is not zhan built, the people all tell each other: 'Ge Hou's deeds are also'. This means that the people of Shu Han have long regarded Zhuge Zhan as a belief. However, he led his troops to meet the enemy, first losing Fucheng, then losing Mianzhu, and he himself died on the battlefield. This was a huge blow to the already precarious Shu Han regime. Imagine that the gods in the minds of the Shu people have all been defeated, and who dares to hope for victory?
Second, there are no soldiers available in Chengdu
Although when Deng Aibing approached The city of Chengdu, Jiang Wei still had nearly 100,000 troops in his hands, and Huo Yi and others also had more than 10,000 soldiers and horses in their hands, but the water could not quench the thirst of the near, and these people could not return to Chengdu for a while and a half. Chengdu's original available soldiers, only the forbidden army remained. However, the few forbidden troops were taken away by Zhuge Zhan for the most part, so when Deng Ai came to Chengdu City, although he did not have many soldiers and horses in his hands, there were even fewer soldiers and horses available in Chengdu City. Without soldiers and horses, how can war be fought?
Third, there are no generals in Chengdu
As the saying goes, a thousand armies are easy to get, and one will be difficult to find, even if Liu Chan can organize the people of Chengdu to counterattack Deng Ai's army, but without the right generals, it is still useless. At the beginning, Jiang Weiyuan was in the Sword Pavilion, second only to Jiang Wei's Yan Yu, and in the process of leading the army to return to reinforcements, he was silent. Originally, when Deng Ai smuggled into Yinping, the person Liu Chan could hope for the most was Zhuge Zhan, and after his defeat, Chengdu had no generals and was unable to organize an effective counterattack.
After the analysis throughout, it is not difficult for us to know that when Jiang Wei was still fighting in the Sword Pavilion and had the upper hand, Liu Chan did not hesitate to surrender Kaesong, not only because of his nest, nor just because of Yu Zhou's persuasion, the most important reason was because of Zhuge Zhan's defeat, which made him fall into a helpless situation of no soldiers, no generals, and no morale. Of course, although Zhuge Zhan was incompetent, his loyalty to Shu Han could not be denied, and at this point, he did not insult Zhuge Liang's wisdom.