"[The Three People's Principles] are the basic program that the Kuomintang of China believes in." When the land of China was oppressed by feudalism and slaughtered by the invasion of foreign imperialism, countless patriots stood up and thought about ways to save the country and love the country. Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles and Qiu Jin's revolutionary ideas resonated with countless patriotic compatriots at this time.
"If you fight for 100,000 heads of blood, you must save the strength of Qiankun." After Qiu Jin and others joined the League, the revolutionary situation in China developed rapidly. The league's four programmatic slogans were the early forms of the Three People's Principles. Later, as the revolutionary situation developed in full swing, patriotic organizations became more and more divided factions.
As the only legitimate government representing China after the Northern Expedition, the National Government, and Chiang Kai-shek, who also served as chairman of the National Government and commander-in-chief of the army, navy and air force, can be said to have enjoyed the largest people at that time. However, even though he already had all the advantages, but failed to handle the internal struggle well, Chiang Kai-shek, who was too concerned about his own selfish interests, could only face defeat in the end.
There is no way to resist Japan
"Retreated into the Soviet Union after its defeat in 1933." After the September 18 Incident in 1931, under Chiang Kai-shek's policy of non-resistance, a large number of officers and men either retreated or surrendered, and the entire three eastern provinces were occupied by the Japanese army at an extremely fast speed, and the vast number of people in the three eastern provinces suffered inhumane massacres and tortures by the Japanese army. In this extremely difficult situation, a small number of people, with firm determination and perseverance, insisted on staying in the three eastern provinces.
After learning that Deng Yanda, who had participated in the Xinhai Revolution and was carrying out anti-Chiang Kai-shek activities with Soong Ching-ling and others, had been secretly murdered, He issued a manifesto in December 1931, stating, "Only a party based on the policy of workers and peasants can lay the foundation for socialism, crush the forces of the warlords and break free from the yoke of imperialism." ”
In the same year, seeing the people of the three eastern provinces who were tortured and treated by the Japanese invasion, Song Qingling, while raising military funds to resist the Nineteenth Route Army invaded by the Japanese army, actively supported the communist side's "proposition of stopping the civil war and unanimously resisting Japan" and worked hard to build a bridge between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party with his own prestige.
At that time, Song Qingling, who insisted on the anti-Japanese front, was called a "heroine who dared to die to save the country" and won high praise from all righteous people at home and abroad.
While the Nineteenth Route Army insisted on resisting Japan, Li Du also raised the anti-Japanese banner in Lishu Town, Jilin Province, and led 30,000 or 40,000 anti-Japanese volunteers to persist in resisting Japan. However, in the end, he was outnumbered, and after all the defeat, Li Du retired to the Soviet Union in 1933.
During his stay in the Soviet Union for more than three months, Li Du repeatedly sought out the ambassador of the Nationalist government stationed in the Soviet Union at that time, and expressed his heart to him, hoping to return to China to help the people of northeast China resist Japan. The ambassador was finally moved by Li Du's determination to resist Japan, so he helped Li Du to detour from Europe back to China. However, after returning to China, Li Du touched a nose of ash.
Li Du, who went straight to Chiang Kai-shek, did not get any permission from Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek did not care too much about the countless Chinese people in the three eastern provinces who were broken under the iron hooves of the Japanese army. Unable to get any help from the Nationalist government, Li Du found the "Chinese National Armed Self-Defense Association" organized by Song Qingling and He Xiangning.
Here, Li Du helped organize the organization to run around to collect anti-Japanese donations, while trying to find Zhang Xueliang to get the support of weapons, equipment, and manpower. However, Zhang Xueliang also failed to give Li Du a positive response.
In desperation, Li Du began to contact the Communist Party. The communist side highly affirmed Li Du's anti-Japanese and national salvation behavior and agreed to join the anti-Japanese united front, but under the complicated situation, Li Du still failed to return to the northeast to resist Japan.
During liberation
"After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, [Li Du] threw himself into the democracy movement." After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chiang Kai-shek's nationalist side undoubtedly had the greatest victory on the surface, and the situation was too superior, and even the main discussion of the Nationalist side at the pre-war meeting was the division of salaries after victory.
At that time, in order to win the fruits of the victory of the Northeast War of Resistance, Chiang Kai-shek let Li Du return to the northeast with a very high posture.
"Anti-communist and anti-Soviet statements must be made publicly." In view of his excellent situation, Chiang Kai-shek said that all the people in the northeast under his control and the generals in the northeast must issue an anti-communist and anti-Soviet statement before returning to the northeast, otherwise they cannot return to their hometowns. Knowing full well that Chiang Kai-shek wanted to use this statement to pinch his own Li Du, although he very much wanted to return to the northeast, he still resolutely refused.
At that time, in fact, Li Du had already joined the Communist Party under the introduction of Feng Xuefeng and Dong Jianwu, so even in the face of the opportunity to return to his hometown in his heart, considering the overall situation, Li Du still stood up and refused.
In 1946, Li Du and his comrades-in-arms who had fought against Japan began to plan li Du's return to the northeast again, but before they could make the trip, Chiang Kai-shek launched a full-scale civil war.
In the midst of the difficult situation, in 1947, He Xiangning, Li Jishen, and others organized the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang and began to actively organize the democratic forces of the state to carry out anti-Chiang Kai-shek activities. In July of the same year, Li Du joined the anti-war activities organized by He Xiangning and persisted until the liberation of Chongqing.
As early as the anti-Qing Revolution, He Xiangning realized the importance of fine arts to the revolution, so he began to specialize in art studies while revolutionary activities, and later became "a famous artist." ”
Many revolutionary flags and symbols at that time were depicted and embroidered by He Xiangning. He Xiangning actively supported the revolution and in 1926 called for "the enactment of laws on equality between men and women." ”
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, in order to raise military expenses, He Xiangning gave away a painting of his own whenever he received a donation from overseas Chinese. After the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, during the War of Liberation, He Xiangning began to plan anti-Chiang Kai-shek activities for the early liberation of the nation.
After liberation
"When the Kuomintang that defeated Taiwan withdrew, it left many spies behind." At that time, the domestic situation was not good, the Kuomintang had made the domestic economy very bad, the Communists did not have enough manpower, and when taking over the various regions, in order to stabilize the situation, they had to leave a large number of State officials to maintain the operation of the government. In order to prevent the national defense spies from causing trouble, the communist side could only accept a large number of officials while arresting the spies.
While reviewing the list of agents, Deng Xiaoping suddenly saw Li Du's name. Deng Xiaoping, who knew that Li Du had spent almost half his life working hard for the northeast to resist Japan and the whole country, immediately instructed Yu Bingran to go and pick up Li Du and return home. Before Yu Bingran received Li Du, Li Du had been arrested and imprisoned because he was misunderstood as a spy, and was imprisoned in Chongqing Shibanpo Prison.
Yu Bingran was the intelligence chief of the Ministry of Public Security of the Southwest Bureau at that time, and as soon as he received Deng Xiaoping's instructions, he immediately set off. When he received Li Du, Yu Bingran asked Li Du how his body was, and Li Du said that his body was OK and he did not suffer any pain. Yu Bingran, who had put his mind at ease, took Li Du out of Shibanpo Prison.
Li Du, who was already "almost seventy years old" at the time, said in Bingran's caring voice that he was not in the way, and was invited to a car by Yu Bingran. After this, Li Du was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative When he died in 1956, Premier Zhou also sent a wreath.
After the September 18 Incident, when the chief executive of the Eastern Province Special Region secretly colluded with the Japanese Kou and waited for an opportunity to surrender, Li Du stood up to contact and organize the Jilin Self-Defense Army, led the troops to actively resist the Japanese, and also actively engaged in anti-Chiang Kai-shek democratic activities after liberation.
brief summary:
"Unite in unity, go to the country together, the enemy is the same, and there is no remorse." When the three eastern provinces were in deep danger, The Nationalist general Li Du did not retreat or surrender because of his personal safety, on the contrary, he not only disregarded Chiang Kai-shek's policy of non-resistance to form troops, but also insisted on actively carrying out the anti-Japanese movement in the land invaded by the Japanese army.
During the post-liberation clearance operation, Li Du was mistaken as a national defense agent and was arrested and sent to Chongqing Shibanpo Prison. When Deng Xiaoping of the Central Committee learned of this, he immediately ordered people to go and pick up Li Du and apologize.