Among the brilliant senior generals of the Mainland People's Liberation Army, there are many people who can not only serve as military commanders, but also do political work. But like Duyed, from company commanders and instructors to unit commanders, very few people have switched to leadership roles at multiple levels.
No matter what level of military commander Du Yide served as, he was known for daring to fight, being able to fight, and being good at fighting hard battles. Liu Bocheng once praised Du Yide: "Du Yide is the political commissar and commander, the commander and the political commissar, and the talent and civil and martial arts. ”
Even Deng Xiaoping once said at a commendation meeting for a certain campaign: "Before the war began, I was very relieved, and I knew that victory must belong to us, because there was Xu Shiyou in Guangxi, Yang Dezhi in Yunnan, and Du Yide on the sea..."
The origin of the nickname "Du Resolute"
Born in 1912 in Huangpi County, Hubei Province, Du Yide joined the Red Army in 1929, and at the end of 1931, he served as the battalion commander of the 3rd Battalion, 30th Regiment, 10th Division, 4th Army of the Red Fourth Front.
In the brutal military struggle, whenever he accepted the tasks assigned by his superiors, Du Yide either replied: "Resolutely carry out the order"; or replied: "Resolutely complete the task"; or answered: "Resolutely destroy the enemy".
After coming and going, Du Yide had a nickname of "Du Resolute", which also vividly showed his distinct revolutionary style.
In the Red Fourth Front, Du Yide dared to fight and was deeply loved by the commander-in-chief Xu Xiangqian, and at the age of 24, he served as the political commissar of the 89th Division of the Red 30th Army, becoming a rising star of the Red Fourth Front.
In a certain battle, Du Yide watched the troops unable to capture the city in front of him for a long time, and jumped out of the trench in a hurry to take the lead and rush forward. Who would have thought that one of the enemy's bullets would hit him directly in the chest, in front of his chest, out of his back, almost through the heart.
Chairman Mao and Zhang Guotao
Zhang Guotao had already heard Du Yide's name, and when he heard about this incident, he praised his bravery, and immediately ordered Su Jingguan, the health minister of the Red Fourth Front: "We must save Du Yide, I can't save you!" ”
Recalling the incident, Duyd said: "Anesthesia was very scarce at that time, and I could only use a gauze soaked in salt water to pull back and forth through the wound. ”
In October 1936, the Red Fourth Front arrived in northern Shaanxi and met the Red Army in victory. A few days later, Zhu De took Du Yide to see Chairman Mao. As soon as he entered the door, Zhu De introduced himself to Chairman Mao: "Chairman, this is Du Yide, the commander of the headquarters directly under our Four Fronts Army, and we got along very well during the Long March!" ”
Chairman Mao clasped Du Yide's hands tightly and said, "We are old acquaintances, and when maogong was a master last summer, you were Xu Xiangqian's senior counselor, am I not mistaken?" ”
Du Yide admired Chairman Mao's memory very much, and said repeatedly: "Yes, Chairman, your memory is really good!" ”
Chairman Mao
Chairman Mao motioned for Zhu De and Du Yide to sit down, and then said: "I will not forget, I have feelings for the comrades of the Four Fronts, whether it is the First and Second Fronts, or the Four Fronts, they are all workers' and peasants' Red Army, they are all the ranks of the Party!" After you went south, I said that sooner or later we will come together, won't this come together? ”
Du Yide said with some embarrassment: "Chairman, when we went south, we took a big detour, and the losses were somewhat large. ”
Chairman Mao suddenly stood up and said, "This is all Zhang Guotao's fault and has nothing to do with you." You are not afraid of sacrifice and have fought many victorious battles, which is commendable. Especially we, Mr. Zhu, measure so big, the will is as strong as steel. ”
Du Yide said: "Chairman, now that you are well, you can rest assured that in the future we will not leave the Party Central Committee and resolutely obey the command of the Party Central Committee!" ”
Chairman Mao waved his hand and said, "In fact, it is impossible for the troops not to leave the Central Committee, because you still have to fight a war, you still have to travel far, and you will be outside!" But no matter where you are, our principle will always be that the party commands the gun! ”
Du Yide nodded and said, "Chairman, I will not forget this!" ”
Chairman Mao listened to Du Yide's words and a long-lost smile appeared on his face. When Du Yide was about to resign, Chairman Mao shook his hand and said, "Young man, I believe in you!" This sentence encouraged Du Yide, and a smile appeared on his face.
In late October, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission decided: "More than 20,000 people from the headquarters of the Red Fourth Front and its three subordinate armies will cross the Yellow River in the west to implement the Ningxia Campaign Plan." ”
On November 11, the Central Committee decided to rename the Hexi Unit of the Fourth Front Army the Western Route Army and establish the Military and Political Committee of the Western Route Army. Chen Changhao served as the chairman and Xu Xiangqian served as the vice chairman, and unified command of the troops to fight in the Hexi Corridor.
Because the Western Route Army did not have the support and sufficient supply of the base area, coupled with the cold weather, the soldiers did not have enough clothes and food to maintain food and clothing, so it was difficult to withstand the strong local warlord Ma Bufangbu.
After four months of fierce fighting, the Western Route Army suffered heavy losses, and most of the fighters died heroically, only Li Xiannian led hundreds of people to break through to the west and go to Xinjiang. Faced with the heavy losses of the troops, Du Yide was very distressed.
In mid-March, the remaining troops of the Western Route Army were organized into two detachments on the left and right, and Du Yide and deputy commander-in-chief Wang Shusheng were organized into the right detachment into the Qilian Mountains, and then moved towards Yan'an.
In June 1937, Du Yide and others relied on eating grass roots, drinking snow water, begging along the way to persevere, they crossed the last peak of Qilian Mountain and successfully crossed the river, encountered the Red Army headquarters to rescue the Western Route Army formed the "Western Aid Army", they finally found a large force...
Deng Xiaoping: It is worthy of Du Resolute
After Du Yide and the others returned to Yan'an, Li Fuchun first found Du Yide to talk:
"Don't worry too much, most of the cadres of the Four Fronts Army and the Western Route Army are good, but there are indeed things that are influenced by Zhang Guotao on the four fronts." As a senior cadre of the Four Fronts Army and the Western Route Army, you must realize that the losses brought by Zhang Guotao's erroneous line to the Party and the Red Army are enormous, and in two days Chairman Mao wants to see you. ”
On this day, Du Yide came to Chairman Mao's cave, and as soon as he entered the door, Chairman Mao put down the book in his hand and asked Du Yide to sit down and speak. Immediately afterward, Chairman Mao solemnly said to Du Yide: "The Western Route Army has fought very well, and most of the comrades in the Western Route Army are good comrades, including you. ”
After listening to Chairman Mao's words, Du Yide could not help but shed tears of excitement.
Chairman Mao and Du Yide shook hands
Chairman Mao patted him on the shoulder and continued, "Comrade Yide, as the saying goes, a boy does not flick when he has tears. I know what kind of person you Duyid is, who fights fiercely and fights night battles, and is a 'night tiger'! ”
Du Yide said: "Chairman, because of Zhang Guotao's blind leadership, our four fronts did not go north with you, but took a detour, and the losses were not small. This expedition to the west was even more defeated..."
Chairman Mao stood up and said, "This is not your responsibility, the vast number of commanders of the Four Fronts Are Very Good, But They Can Sing and Cry." ”
Later, Chairman Mao saw that Du Yide's mood was not very high, so he changed the subject: "Comrade Yide, you are only in your 20s, and you have come to Japan for a long time, so you must study hard." Why don't you go to school and live for a while? ”
After Duyid joined the revolution, he fought almost vigorously, born and died in the rain of bullets and bullets, and was wounded 9 times on his body, but he still liked to fight. So Du Yide hesitated and said, "Chairman, or you should let me go to the front line to fight!" ”
Duyed (far left)
Chairman Mao smiled and said, "You fought the battle, but the most important thing now is to study." Learning is not about removing you, but about being able to fight better. At present, the matter of the joint resistance of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party is brewing, and in the future our opponent will be the Japanese army, and you will be useful. ”
After listening to Chairman Mao's words, Du Yide hurriedly said: "Chairman, I listen to you, let me fight a war, and let me study!" ”
Chairman Mao nodded and said, "Well, then you should go to Kang Da to live for a while!" ”
A few days later, introduced by Chairman Mao, Du Yide entered the Kang Da to study. At that time, not long after the Red Army's Anti-Japanese Army was moved from Bao'an to Yan'an, it was renamed "Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University". Chairman Mao was the chairman of the Kang Da Education Committee, and he attached great importance to the building of the Kang Da, and personally formulated many policies and school spirits, and also went to kang da da many times to give reports and lectures.
Once, during his lecture, Chairman Mao suddenly pointed out: "The proletariat and its party must correctly understand and transform the world. This struggle to transform the world includes the transformation of the objective world, but also the transformation of one's own subjective world. ”
After the lecture, Du Yide came to Chairman Mao's side and asked him: "Chairman, when we come to Kang Da to study, we are transforming ourselves, right?" ”
Chairman Mao smiled and said, "It is okay for you to see it this way, you have a lot of experience, and through study and sorting, you can rise to the level of theory, so that you are smarter!" ”
Du Yide said: "It seems that learning is also headless. Chairman Mao nodded and said, "You are quite right, we just want to live to be old and learn from the old!" ”
Du Yide lived in the first year of the Kang Da for more than two years, and not only systematically studied Chairman Mao's military line, but also studied Chairman Mao's political line, and his military and political level was also greatly improved.
In early September 1939, Chairman Mao ordered: "Let Du Yide work in the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army." In this way, Du Yide came out like a fierce tiger, from the Yan'an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University to the anti-Japanese front, he wanted to fight with the Japanese army on the front line.
Deng Xiaoping
When Du Yide first came to the 129th Division, the political commissar Deng Xiaoping asked him for a conversation:
"The organization decided to let you go to the division camp school as the vice principal. Although Master Liu is the principal, the frontline command work is too busy, and there is no extra time to ask about the school, so the school is under your full responsibility. ”
Du Yide was a person with a strong sense of organization, and although the task entrusted to him was not to go to the front line to kill the enemy, he still agreed: "Since the organization has decided, then I will try it, but please rest assured that the division commander and the political commissar will be assured that I will resolutely complete the work!" ”
Liu Bocheng, who was standing by the side, nodded with satisfaction and said, "This is just like this!" ”
Deng Xiaoping rolled up a cigarette, took a slow sip, and said humorously:
"It is worthy of 'Du Resolute'!" The 6th batch of students is about to graduate, ready to recruit the 7th batch of students, the work task is very heavy. After you go to the schools that are in the camp, you must give play to the role of the party organizations and do a good job in the construction of the schools.
Schools are the crucible for cultivating cadres; first of all, we must raise the political and ideological level of the trainees and strengthen the tempering of the revolutionary will; second, we must strengthen military education and improve our organizational and command capabilities.
In short, all education in the school is aimed at fighting the enemy and directly serving the revolutionary struggle. ”
Many years later, Du Yide recalled: "The entrustment of Political Commissar Deng in those years was actually the consistent thinking method of his old man's family's 'governing the army must govern the school'. ”
In late September 1939, Du Yide reported to the camp school near Licheng County, Shanxi, and the political commissar and chief of staff greeted him at the school gate. The political commissar tightly held Du Yide's hand and said: "You have studied and worked in the Kang Da, and you are very experienced in fighting wars and running schools. ”
In this way, Du Yide threw himself into the work of the camp school. The cadets in the camp school came from various units of the 129th Division, most of whom came from the front, including old cadres and new cadres.
For Duyed, he was familiar with fighting on the front lines, but it was the first time he had run a school. However, Du Yide was a very caring person, and it did not take long to figure out a set of teaching methods.
Among the many students, a large part of them are illiterate and semi-illiterate, so Du Yide first found someone to teach the students language and arithmetic, so that they can go from knowing commonly used words to reading newspapers, writing diaries, etc.; from being able to do simple arithmetic problems to adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing. For members who study well, Duyide will reward them with daily necessities such as soap, paper and towels.
In terms of military studies, since the cadets were all from the front, Du Yide asked them to bring vivid examples of their respective battles to the school and summarize and improve them. The theoretical level of the trainees was not very high, and Du Yide took the books such as "Four Basic Tasks of the Anti-Japanese Guerrillas" written by Principal Liu Bocheng as teaching materials and taught them to the trainees in light of the actual situation.
Presiding over the 129th Division's accompanying school was Du Yide's "military training" in the anti-Japanese battlefield, and it was also a very important stroke of his anti-Japanese career.
Du Yide made a request, Deng Xiaoping: Don't make this hilarious
In the early days of the War of Liberation, Chairman Mao sent three consecutive telegrams and instructions in 10 days to commend the Dingtao Campaign of the total annihilation of the Kuomintang 3rd Division.
This battle, which perfectly embodied the essence of "sports warfare", was attacked by the 6th Column of the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Field Army, and Du Yide served as the political commissar of the 6th Column.
Only four days before Chairman Mao's first telegram was sent, Zhao Xitian, commander of the Kuomintang 3rd Division, sent a telegram to his uncle, Liu Zhi, who was also the director of the Zhengzhou Appeasement Office, with a telegram that was completely opposite to the result:
"It won't take two weeks to occupy the whole of Jiluyu and drive Liu Bocheng to the Taihang Mountains!"
The telegram was sent in clear code, when Zhao Xitian was at the peak of arrogance and arrogance, he thought that his actions did not need to be kept secret, and he felt that with his advanced weapons, it was completely out of the question to defeat Liu Bocheng. What's more, he thought that he had firmly stepped on the tail of Liu Bocheng's main force, the Sixth Column Du Yide's troops.
However, what Zhao Xitian did not expect was that he was being led by Du Yide's nose and was moving towards destruction step by step.
At that time, in order to attack the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Liberated Area, the Kuomintang gathered a total of 300,000 people and horses, while our army only had more than 50,000 people, and the ratio of strength between the enemy and us was 6:1. In view of this situation, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping's opinion was to fight a movement war, not to fight the weakest and the most painful. It was under this circumstance that Zhao Xitian's department was picked up by the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Field Army.
The 3rd Division led by Zhao Xitian was Chiang Kai-shek's consort unit, but it was incorporated into the Western Front group with the Sichuan Army and the Other 4 Divisions of the Northwest Army. Zhao Xitian has a fatal shortcoming, that is, he likes to compete for credit, and this shortcoming will definitely make him desperate to confront our army.
Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping believed: "As long as the superior forces are concentrated to annihilate them, the other divisions will not fight to the death to rescue them." In this way, it will certainly deal a painful blow to the Kuomintang troops and demoralize them. ”
The task of containing Zhao Xitian's nose was snatched by Du Yide and Wang Jinshan, commander of the 6th Column, who personally found Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping. Du Yide said to Liu Deng:
"If we were to fight in a column, even if we fought only one regiment, I would be the regimental commissar; even if there was one company left, we would continue to fight!"
Du Yide's resolute attitude was exchanged for the admiring gaze of Chief Liu Deng.
Zhao Xitian
In this way, the task of containing Zhao Xitian fell on the 6th Column, and after a fierce battle, our army successfully annihilated the Kuomintang Third Division and captured Zhao Xitian alive, which was also the first time that our army had gnawed chiang Kai-shek's ace troops in the Liberation War.
In February 1949, in accordance with the orders of the Central Military Commission, the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Field Army was reorganized into the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army, and Du Yide served as the deputy commander of the 3rd Corps. In 1950, the Korean Civil War broke out, and in October, the Volunteer Army participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
In March 1951, the Central Military Commission decided to let the 3rd Corps go to Korea to participate in the war, because the commander of the 3rd Corps, Chen Geng aided the Vietnamese Resistance, had just returned to China, and his health was not too good, so the organization approved that he could not enter the KOREAN war.
Subsequently, the organization decided that Wang Jinshan, the acting commander of the Corps and the acting political commissar of Du Yide, the two of them would lead the 12th Army, the 15th Army, and the 60th Army into the Korean War. On the Korean battlefield, du Yide and Wang Jinshan, a golden couple, cooperated tacitly to command the Battle of Shangganling, which shocked China and foreign countries, and won the final victory of the battle, playing a national prestige and also a military prestige.
In 1954, Du Yide returned from the Korean battlefield and entered the Campaign Department of the Nanjing Military Academy. In 1955, when the People's Liberation Army conferred the rank of lieutenant general, Du Yide was awarded the rank of lieutenant general. In October 1957, Du Yide was appointed political commissar of the People's Liberation Army Brigade Garrison District, and two years later he was promoted to deputy political commissar of the Shenyang Military Region.
In July 1960, Du Yide was appointed deputy political commissar of the Navy, and before he arrived, Luo Ronghuan, director of the General Political Department, also had a conversation with him and put forward his ardent expectations.
Soon after Du Yide took office in the Navy, he participated in an enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission. After the meeting, Chairman Mao shook Du Yide's hand when receiving the deputies to the meeting, saying: "The navy's people come from all over the world, and unity is a very important and crucial thing. ”
Du Yide firmly remembered Chairman Mao's instructions, and he started from himself, respected the leaders of the Navy very much, and humbly asked them questions. In daily life, Du Yide is strict with himself, lenient with others, asks for advice in person when there is a problem, and puts forward opinions in good faith, and actively promotes communication between the party committee and the standing committee.
In June 1961, the Party Committee of the Navy Divided labor, and Du Yide was responsible for the daily work of the Party Committee. At this time, Du Yide seized the opportunity to actively promote and maintain unity within the Standing Committee, and he repeatedly stressed: "It is not terrible that different opinions and opinions appear between leaders, but what is terrible is to let them ferment and solve problems, so that it will affect the work." ”
Therefore, with the joint efforts of everyone, the members of the Navy team directly united with each other and promoted the smooth development of many work, and Du Yide was indispensable.
In 1974, Du Yide participated in the command of the Navy's Xisha self-defense counterattack operation, and made contributions to safeguarding national sovereignty. In February 1979, in order to plan and ensure the victory of the self-defense counterattack operation on the Sino-Vietnamese border on land, the Navy began emergency preparations.
At this time, Deng Xiaoping personally ordered a general, and Du Yide served as the commander-in-chief of the army, navy and air force on the Hainan front of the self-defense counterattack. After accepting the order, Du Yide personally went to Zhanjiang, Yulin and other places to organize and implement operational preparations.
In order to strengthen the fortifications on Paracel Island, Duyd personally approved the model of the bunker and ordered the relevant units to rush to build the cement bunker as quickly as possible. Du Yide worked day and night to organize and command the troops to complete the deployment in a timely manner, and also guaranteed the final victory of the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam.
At the meeting to sum up and commend the self-defense counterattack, Deng Xiaoping once said the following sentence:
"Before I started fighting, I knew we would definitely win, because There was Xu Shiyou in Guangxi, Yang Dezhi in Yunnan, and Du Yide on the sea..."
Deng Xiaoping and Du Yide
At the beginning of 1980, in order to thoroughly implement the principle of "active defense" determined by the Central Military Commission, Deng Xiaoping once again thought of his beloved general Du Yide when he deployed the defensive lines in the northwest and north China and determined the commander of the Lanzhou Military Region.
At that time, Du Yide had just undergone gallbladder removal surgery because of his illness, not to mention that he was 68 years old. Despite this, after Du Yide heard the order of the Central Military Commission, he still resolutely accepted this task, but he could not give up the navy he had been engaged in for more than 20 years, so Du Yide reported his ideas to the Party Central Committee.
Soon, Deng Xiaoping talked to Du Yide and asked him to entrust the work of the navy to Geng Biao, saying:
"Now that the order has been given, although the work of the Navy needs you very much, the Northwest also needs you, and there must be a general who can fight to be the commander." You are not only good at fighting, but you are also good at fighting, or you go and be the commander! ”
As soon as Deng Xiaoping finished saying these words, Du Yide stood up and said loudly: "Please rest assured Chairman Deng and the Party Central Committee that I will resolutely carry out the tasks of the organization!" ”
Deng Xiaoping and Du Yide and others
On August 21, 1981, Accompanied by Wang Zhen and others, Deng Xiaoping inspected a certain unit in Tianshui, and when he saw that the troops were uniform and orderly, and the soldiers were full of spirits, he said to Du Yide with satisfaction: "With you in the northwest, I will be relieved!" ”
In 1982, when Du Yide was 70 years old, he approached his old leader, Deng Xiaoping, and made a request to him: "I am 70 years old this year, and my health is not too good, and I ask you to agree to my resignation." ”
Deng Xiaoping did not agree, but said: "Don't worry, I am still 6 years older than you, I have not retired." Well, let's wait until the 12th Party Congress is over! After the 12th Party Congress, Du Yide officially retired.
It was also in this year that Duyed saw that many generals would write memoirs in their later years, so Duyed also wanted to write a memoir. When Du Yide told Deng Xiaoping his thoughts, Deng Xiaoping said: "Don't go to this hilarity, who doesn't understand you Du Yide?" ”
Du Yide regarded Deng Xiaoping as his own example, so he took Deng Xiaoping's words to heart and really did not write a memoir...