Wen 丨 traces the history of ancient and modern
Editor丨tracking the history of ancient and modern
"He was the first to support me, and his vote at the Zunyi meeting changed the historical trend of our army."
This is Chairman Mao's heartfelt thanks to an outstanding proletarian revolutionary, Wang Jiaxiang, after the Zunyi Conference, precisely because of the "crucial vote" he cast at the Zunyi Conference, which enabled Chairman Mao to regain power and thus save the road of the Chinese revolution.
Wang Jiaxiang
Zunyi Conference – the key meeting to change the course of the Chinese revolution
The Zunyi Conference was a historical turning point in the survival of the Communist Party of China. At this meeting, at the critical juncture of life and death, the leadership group with Mao Zedong as the core was established. Under the leadership of the great leader Chairman Mao and at a historic moment of crisis, it can be said that the Zunyi Conference saved the Communist Party of China, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and the Chinese Revolution, and was a turning point of vital importance in the history of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army.
Zunyi Meeting
But across the river of history, we see that the Zunyi Conference was held with ups and downs. Due to the failure of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign launched on September 25, 1933, and the loss of our troops in the Long March, the Central Red Army was seriously injured, and the Japanese invaders were eyeing the mainland tiger, and they intensified their invasion of the mainland's north China region.
However, Chiang Kai-shek, chairman of the Kuomintang government, ignored the danger of the nation and still focused his operations on suppressing the Communist Party of China and blocking the Central Red Army. Under such a situation of internal and external troubles, comrade Wang Ming's "left-leaning" military line of our party has aroused the dissatisfaction of comrades in the party and the soldiers of the Red Army, and with the repeated defeats of the Red Army in battle, the soldiers urgently need to rest and rectify.
Wang Ming
The fiasco in the Battle of xiangjiang caused us to lose a large number of troops and resources, and also increased the dissatisfaction within the party and the fatigue of the Red Army soldiers. After the Battle of the Xiangjiang River, the Central Red Army originally planned to advance north to western Hunan and planned to join the Red 2nd and 6th Armies as soon as possible, but Comrade Mao Zedong at that time had already seen Chiang Kai-shek's plot to deploy heavy troops to intercept the Red Army in the northern section of the Red Army, and proposed to abandon the original plan to go north and instead advance toward Guizhou, where the Kuomintang troops were weaker and at the same time more conducive to establishing a base area.
On December 12, 1934, the heads of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting to decide the direction of progress. Wang Jiaxiang and most other comrades agreed with Mao Zedong's proposal, but Bogu and Li De still did not spare and insisted on going to western Hunan Province. On the 15th, the Central Red Army occupied Liping, Guizhou. On the 18th, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a "Liping Conference" in Liping, which temporarily decided to accept Comrade Mao Zedong's opinions and decided to temporarily rest our army, which also eased the contradictions within the party.
Liping Conference Memorial Hall
It was also the Liping Conference that changed the course of the Red Army's advance at a critical juncture of life and death. After the Liping Conference, the Central Red Army continued to advance, and then reached the town of Monkey Farm in Guizhou. At the end of December, the Monkey Farm Conference was held, proposing an offensive strategic point, Zunyi, and consolidating the results of the Liping Conference.
The convening of the Liping Conference and the Monkey Farm Conference actually deprived Bogu and Li De of their military command. In early January 1935, the Central Red Army crossed the Wu River and occupied Zunyi.
Oil painting - Bogu and Li De
In early January 1935, after the Long March of the First Front of the Red Army arrived in Zunyi, from January 15 to 17, the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee held a turning point in history, the Zunyi Conference. At the most critical juncture of the Chinese revolution, it was the victorious convening of the Zunyi Conference that instilled Comrade Mao Zedong's thoughts into the Central Committee, corrected the left-leaning ideology, and established Mao Zedong's leading position in the Party Central Committee and the Red Army.
In the course of the Zunyi Conference, a comrade named Wang Jiaxiang gave Comrade Mao Zedong strong support, so that the balance of the meeting began to slowly tilt to Mao Zedong's side, and finally Comrade Mao Zedong's views were adopted, and the Zunyi Conference became a meeting to save the Party, save the Red Army, and save the whole of China.
Zunyi conference participants
The key vote – the revolutionaries who change the course of history
Wang Jiaxiang (August 15, 1906 – January 25, 1974), formerly known as Jiaxiang, was a revolutionary with a pure heart in Taohuatan Town, Jing County, Anhui Province. In 1925, the 20-year-old Wang Jiaxiang actively organized his classmates to participate in various anti-imperialist demonstrations. In September, he joined the Communist Youth League of China.
Wang Jiaxiang, who is writing
In 1925, Wang Jiaxiang went to the Soviet Union to study and became acquainted with Bogu, Li De and others. During Wang Jiaxiang's study career, he has been vigorously promoting new ideas and innovative spirits, and actively participated in the innovation movement. In 1928, Comrade Wang Jiaxiang officially became a member of the Communist Party.
In 1930, Wang Jiaxiang returned to China as an officer of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, but was later transferred back to Shanghai for criticizing Li Lisan's wanton incitement to riots throughout the country. However, it can be seen from this that Wang Jiaxiang's sense of justice without fear of power also laid the groundwork for him to vigorously exclude public opinions and support Comrade Mao Zedong's views at the Zunyi Conference.
Li Lisan
In November 1931, at the First National Congress of the Central Provisional Government, he was elected a member of the Central Executive Committee and a people's commissar of foreign affairs. In the same year, Comrade Mao Zedong was elected Chairman of the Central Executive Committee, and the two began their sympathetic revolutionary friendship.
In April 1933, Wang Jiaxiang was seriously wounded in the Fourth War of Encirclement and Suppression — an explosion hit his abdomen, causing his intestines to be studded with shrapnel, a pain that could last his life. At that time, when there was a shortage of materials and no anesthesia, he endured severe pain and insisted on completing the 8-hour operation, but because the shrapnel could not be removed, he embarked on a long journey with the bullet casing still in his abdomen.
Front row from left - Kang Sheng, Mao Zedong, Wang Jiaxiang, Zhu De, Xiang Ying, Wang Ming
During the Long March, Comrade Wang Jiaxiang and Comrade Mao Zedong exchanged revolutionary views and political ideas with each other, which also made the relationship between the two go further. It was precisely because of their similar viewpoints and strong revolutionary friendship that Comrade Wang Jiaxiang began to vigorously support Comrade Mao Zedong's views.
At the Zunyi Conference held in January 1935, Bogu, Li De, and others took the lead in shirking their responsibilities and vigorously attacked Comrade Mao Zedong's views without acknowledging their improper tactical deployment. Due to the obstruction of Bogu and Li De's leadership position in the central authorities, a considerable number of people still maintained a supportive attitude toward Bogu and Li De's views, and some people did not dare to openly express their support for Comrade Mao Zedong, and the situation once fell into a predicament.
List of the Presidium of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China
It was at this time that Comrade Wang Jiaxiang took the lead in standing up. As a proletarian revolutionary predecessor, he righteously and righteously expressed his support for Comrade Mao Zedong's viewpoint, profoundly analyzed the gap between the strategic materials of our army and the situation at that time and the Kuomintang itself, criticized the seriousness of the "left-leaning" ideology of the Central Committee of our army, and called for the adoption of Comrade Mao Zedong's strategy and ideas.
From left - Gu Zuolin, Ren Bishi, Zhu De, Deng Fa, Xiang Ying, Mao Zedong, Wang Jiaxiang
After everyone listened, the comrades who originally supported Bogu and Li De supported Comrade Mao Zedong one after another. This also basically established Mao Zedong's leadership position in our army, established a leading group with Mao Zedong as the core, and saved the party at a crucial moment. And all this, Wang Jiaxiang has an indelible credit.
Former residence of Wang Jiaxiang and Zhu De
Long-term vision - the diligent and wise man cares about the country
For Wang Jiaxiang, the crucial vote cast at the Zunyi meeting may be just a microcosm of his wisdom. When Deng Xiaoping supported the "Luoming Line" in the Central Soviet Region, when Wang Ming was in power at that time, because the "Luoming Line" was criticized by Wang Ming and others as pessimism, Deng Xiaoping was inevitably dismissed from his post and "exiled" to Le'an County.
When Wang Jiaxiang, then director of the General Political Department of the Red Army, learned of this, he proposed to Comrade Luo Ronghuan and Comrade He Chang that Comrade Deng Xiaoping be invited to act as acting secretary general, and the two were also dissatisfied with BoguLide's policy at that time and agreed to the idea of transferring Comrade Deng Xiaoping back to the Central Committee.
Chairman Mao, Deng Xiaoping and Wang Jiaxiang
At that time, some people in the central government thought that a representative of the "Luoming Line" could be the acting secretary-general. Wang Jiaxiang, on the other hand, vigorously defied public opinion and insisted that the central authorities appoint Deng Xiaoping. Some time later, Comrade Deng Xiaoping had not yet been appointed, and Wang Jiaxiang was anxious, so he sat up from the stretcher, ignored the pain in his abdomen, and ordered the guards to call Bogu.
After the phone was connected, he was a little annoyed: "Hey, Comrade Bogu?" I am Jia Xiang. Did the Central Committee study and decide on the last time I proposed that Deng Xiaoping serve as acting secretary general of the General Political Department? I waited for him to come to work. If you do not agree with Deng Xiaoping coming, then you will concurrently serve as the director of the General Political Department, and I will not do it. ”
Wang Jiaxiang and his wife Zhu Zhongli
After the founding of New China, he served as the first ambassador of New China to the Soviet Union, and in that era of "weak countries without diplomacy", he actively used his wisdom to communicate with the Soviet Union and stabilize the initial relations between the mainland and the Soviet Union; in the "Great Leap Forward" in 1958, he did not blindly follow the tide, but always kept a sober mind and advised the central authorities to do so.
At the beginning of 1962, Wang Jiaxiang saw that the newly established China could not even solve the problem of domestic food and clothing, but transported a large amount of materials to aid foreign countries, and he boldly suggested that the situation of excessive foreign aid should be changed, starting from improving the food and clothing of comrades at home. At first, these views were criticized by Kang Sheng and others as a political issue of "three and one less". Subsequently, Wang Jiaxiang's prestige in the Central Liaison Department was greatly reduced, and he was unable to express his ideas.
Representatives of the Chinese Government and the Government of the Soviet Union
Due to the old injuries of the past, Wang Jiaxiang has been working with hot water bottles covering his abdomen for many years. In his political career, he has always played the role of "wisdom army division". Wang Jiaxiang's views on politics have always been unique, but they have never been outdated.
In his words: "I always think from the perspective of Chinese. This also corresponds to Chairman Mao's sentence: "Proceed from the national conditions." This is also where the two Mao Wangs have a common heart. Wang Jiaxiang is also unambiguous in his view of diplomacy and the overall situation of the world, and he tries his best to safeguard China's interests during diplomacy, giving people the image of a diplomatic ambassador who is generous and generous.
Wang Jiaxiang spoke with foreign representatives
On January 25, 1974, after learning that the Gang of Four wanted to intensify the Cultural Revolution movement, Wang Jiaxiang knew that this was not good for China, and tossed and turned. The next day, when his wife, Zhu Zhongli, woke him up and found that he had died after a night of worrying about the country and the people.
Wang Jiaxiang commemorative bronze statue
Wang Jiaxiang is a scholar-type personality, so he does not attach so much importance to power, but this personality also makes him have a very strong theoretical foundation, and his experience of studying in the Soviet Union has made him a very rare talent with an international vision in the revolutionary camp.
With a thin face and always wearing gold wire glasses, he can always make the most correct choice in the most critical period of the revolution, he can stand at the height of the world to compare and think about China's actual situation, and at the same time deal with domestic problems with a higher world vision, and when dealing with international relations issues, he can take into account China's interests.
The victory of the Zunyi Conference can be said to be indispensable to Wang Jiaxiang's contribution, and at the same time, Wang Jiaxiang's contributions in the Long March and his call for the "Left" line will always be remembered by history.