【Party History Sound Calendar】 The Cooperative War of Resistance Opened a New Situation -- the Xi'an Incident Broke Out

In order to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the Central Broadcasting Network launched the "Party History Sound Calendar", which takes you through a hundred years of time with sound.

【Today in the History of the Party】

On December 12, 1936, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng detained Chiang Kai-shek and launched the Xi'an Incident. After that, the Party Central Committee, attaching great importance to the overall situation of the Chinese nation's unity and resistance against Japan, independently determined the policy of settling the Xi'an Incident by peaceful means, and forced Chiang Kai-shek to make a commitment to "stop suppressing the Communists and unite with the Reds to resist Japan."

After invading and occupying northeast China, the Japanese invaders stepped up their scramble for north China. In mid-June 1935, under Japanese coercion, the Kuomintang "Central Army" withdrew from Pingjin and Hebei, and the whole of North China was in danger. The mission of bringing together all kinds of forces calling for resistance to Japan to form an anti-Japanese national united front and jointly defend against foreign enemies fell on the Communist Party of China.

On August 1, 1935, the Cpc delegation to the Comintern drafted the "Letter to All Compatriots of the Chinese Soviet Government and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Resisting Japan and Saving the Country" ("August 1st Declaration"), which was soon published publicly. The declaration advocated the cessation of the civil war and the organization of the national defense government and the anti-Japanese coalition army to fight against Japan.

At the same time, the party made breakthroughs in the united front work of the Northeast Army headed by Zhang Xueliang and the Seventeenth Route Army headed by Yang Hucheng stationed in the northwest region. By the first half of 1936, hostilities had ceased between the Red Army and the Northeast Army and the Seventeenth Route Army. However, Chiang Kai-shek's principle of "taking care of the outside world must first be at home" has not fundamentally changed.

In the early morning of December 12, 1936, after zhang xueliang and Yang Hucheng refused to ask Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan, they adopted a "military advice", detained Chiang Kai-shek, and sent a telegram to the whole country, proposing eight proposals, such as stopping the civil war and unanimously resisting Japan. This is the Xi'an incident that shocked China and foreign countries.

After the incident, Zhang Xueliang telegraphed to the CPC Central Committee overnight. The Party Central Committee sent Zhou Enlai to xi'an on December 17. After clarifying the situation, the Party Central Committee, attaching great importance to the overall situation of the Unity of the Chinese Nation in Resisting Japan, independently and autonomously determined the policy of resolving the Xi'an Incident by peaceful means. Accordingly, Zhou Enlai, Zhang Xueliang, and Yang Hucheng made joint efforts and, after negotiations, forced Chiang Kai-shek to make a commitment to "stop suppressing the Communists and unite with the Reds to resist Japan."

The peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident became the pivot of the change of the times and played an important role in promoting the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front based on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Since then, the situation of the ten-year civil war has basically ended, and domestic peace has been initially realized. Under the premise of resisting Japan, the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party became an irresistible trend.

(Source: Xinhua News Agency, People's Daily)

Director system: Yu Feng Gao Yang

Editor: Gao Yang

Producer: Wang Wei, Zhao Jing, Ma Yuan

Planner: Guan Yuling

Anchor: Liu Jiaming

Audio Producer: Chen Denan

Design: Ying Chen