On December 11, 1936, on the night of the capture of Chiang Kai-shek, after liu Duoquan, the commander of the guard battalion, had finished his task to the commanders involved in the operation, the commander of the Guard Battalion began to assemble his troops and said, "Do you know what happened?" ”
"I don't know," the soldiers said in unison.
"Who are you messing with?"
"General Zhang"
"What if General Zhang is gone?"
"When General Zhang is gone, we will go to the nearby Red Army."
"What if there is still a chance to save General Zhang?"
"What the hell is going on, don't sell it, you say it, Commander!"
"General Zhang was detained by Chiang Kai-shek during a meeting in Lintong Huaqingchi, and tomorrow morning he will take General Zhang by plane to Nanjing, fearing that he will be more fierce and less fortunate, and our task tonight is to capture Chiang Kai-shek and save Zhang.
In the early morning of the 12th, the soldiers of the guard battalion quickly controlled the situation after arriving at Huaqingchi, but there was no trace of Chiang Kai-shek, who wanted to escape over the wall after hearing the gunshots, but unfortunately the whole Huaqingchi was surrounded by regiments, Chiang Kai-shek could not escape and had to hide, Chiang Kai-shek was arrested, and the Xi'an Incident broke out.
As a watershed in China's War of Resistance Against Japan, the Xi'an Incident led to the second Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, opened the prelude from the civil war to the anti-Japanese national united front, and finally laid the foundation for victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan.
Regarding the Xi'an Incident, most people first think of Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng and Chiang Kai-shek, the three main figures, but in fact, there are many key figures, and today we will talk about Liu Duoquan, who is responsible for comprehensively directing the Xi'an Incident.
After the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an incident, Zhang Xueliang insisted on personally sending Chiang Kai-shek back to Nanjing, but sure enough, he was "left" by Chiang Kai-shek in the end; after Chiang Kai-shek got out of trouble, he was bound to retaliate against those involved with his character, and Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng were typical examples. What happened to him later?
"Catch Jiang" vanguard
After the outbreak of the September 18 Incident, Chiang Kai-shek strictly ordered the Northeast Army to implement the policy of "non-resistance" and withdrew into Guannei step by step; at a time when the rise and fall of this country was at stake, Chiang Kai-shek still stubbornly adhered to the reactionary policy of "foreign countries must first be safe inside." After the Red Army was forced to march, the Northeast Army was transferred to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region to "suppress the communists."
The Kuomintang established a "Northwest Bandit General Headquarters" online, with Chiang Kai-shek as commander-in-chief, Zhang Xueliang as deputy commander-in-chief, and Liu Duoquan as Zhang Xueliang's close associate, serving as the commander of the independent 105th Division, the main force of the Northeast Army.
A large number of soldiers of the Northeast Army withdrew all the way from the northeast to Guannei, witnessing with their own eyes that their hometown was ravaged by the Japanese, and their fathers and fellow villagers were brutally killed, while hundreds of thousands of northeast army soldiers were forced to participate in the "suppression of the communists" civil war.
Zhang Xueliang was also ten thousand unwilling to "suppress the Communists" in his heart, and he was also very touched to see that the anti-Japanese sentiment of the fighters was so high, and this form also prompted Zhang Xueliang to realize that only by realizing the unity of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party could he save China, otherwise he would be spurned by thousands of people, and even his own subordinates would not follow him with a dead heart.
In April 1936, Liu Duoquan and Zhang Xueliang went to Fushi County (Yan'an) to meet with Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai of the COMMUNIST Party of China, and the 1st Brigade of the 105th Division stationed in Fushi County under the leadership of Liu Duoquan was responsible for guard work.
On December 4 of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek led a group of his cronies to Xi'an, the purpose of which was to urge Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng to go out of the city to "suppress the Communists.", but due to the successive defeats of the Northeast Army and the Red Army, coupled with the influence of the CPC's policy of the anti-Japanese national united front, the officers and men of the Northeast Army and the Northwest Army were unwilling to continue to fight the civil war with the Red Army, and the call for stopping the civil war and jointly resisting Japan became stronger and stronger.
On the afternoon of December 7, Zhang Xueliang went to Huaqingchi, Lintong, where Chiang Kai-shek was temporarily staying, to persuade Chiang Kai-shek to change his decision, stop "suppressing the Communists", and turn the gun to unanimously resist Japan, but Chiang Kai-shek reprimanded him sharply for resolutely fighting a civil war, and then Yang Hucheng also went to persuade him, but was also rejected by Chiang Kai-shek.
On December 11, Chiang Kai-shek invited a group of his cronies, as well as Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, to a dinner party at which Chiang Kai-shek announced a resolution that the task of "suppressing the communists" undertaken by the Northeast Army and the Northwest Army would be replaced by the Central Army from now on.
On the evening of the same day, after exchanging views between Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, they unanimously held that Chiang Kai-shek did not heed the dissuasion, that he was determined to fight a civil war, and that forcing Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan was imminent, so they discussed using force to imprison Chiang Kai-shek and force him to resist Japan.
After deliberation, the officers of the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army began to be assigned tasks, with Zhang Xueliang's Northeast Army being responsible for capturing Jiang and specifically handing it over to Liu Duoquan's command; Yang Hucheng's 17th Route Army being responsible for eliminating the Central Army in Xi'an City, specifically entrusting Zhao Shoushan and Kong Congzhou, commander of the city defenses.
After graduating from the Baoding Military Academy, Liu Duoquan entered the Fengjun army, and it took only two years to become Zhang Xueliang's deputy captain of the guard, Zhang Xueliang also admired and cared for him very much, and after the guard was expanded into a brigade, he appointed Liu Duoquan as the commander of the 1st regiment of the guard brigade, and Liu Duoquan also participated in the action of shooting Yang Yuting and Chang Yinhuai, so he was quickly promoted to division commander, and also successfully won Zhang Xueliang's trust and became Zhang Xueliang's close confidant, so Zhang Xueliang was relieved to let Liu Duoquan serve as the commander-in-chief of the task of "catching Jiang".
On the eve of the Xi'an Incident, Liu Duoquan, in accordance with Zhang Xueliang's instructions, explained to the senior officers who participated in the "Catch Chiang Kai-shek" operation: "The purpose of this military advice is to force Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan, and after rushing into Huaqingchi, he can only detain people and resolutely not harm Chiang Kai-shek. ”
However, the soldiers of the Northeast Army received different orders, and the soldiers received the task of: Chiang Kai-shek detained Zhang Xueliang in Huaqingchi, and must immediately go to the rescue, must detain Chiang Kai-shek, and only by capturing Chiang Kai-shek alive can there be a chance to rescue Zhang Xueliang. This is also zhang Xueliang's good explanation in advance, so the soldiers do not know the truth of this operation.
When the Guard Battalion marched to Wujia Tomb in the south of the city, there was a fierce battle in the city, and the sounds of rifles, machine guns, and grenades were mixed, and some soldiers suspected that Yang Hucheng had launched a mutiny, in fact, the gunfire in the city was yang Hucheng's 2nd Garrison Brigade confiscating the Kuomintang organs and groups in the city.
In the early morning of December 12, the gate guards of Huaqingchi saw a force gradually approaching, and immediately ordered the troops to stop advancing, Liu Duoquan ignored the warning and still moved forward, as the distance became closer and closer, the two sides began to exchange fire, Liu Duoquan led the guard battalion to launch a fierce assault, it took only a few minutes for the gate guards of Huaqingchi to be cleared, the soldiers of the guard battalion climbed over the wall, opened the gate, and the soldiers rushed into the front yard of Huaqingchi in one fell swoop.
The soldiers of the guard battalion encountered Chiang Kai-shek's guards in the front yard, and after a fierce struggle Chiang Kai-shek's guards were scattered, the scene was quickly controlled by the soldiers of the guard battalion, Tang Junyao walked quickly to Chiang Kai-shek's bedroom, and just after entering the house, he met Sun Mingjiu, who had entered the house first, and Sun Mingjiu reported to him that Chiang Kai-shek was missing, there was a window hidden, outside the window was Lintong Mountain, the bed was still a little warm, and it should have not run far away not long after leaving.
When Liu Duoquan learned that Chiang Kai-shek was missing, he immediately ordered the encirclement to be narrowed, a strict search, and a sure capture of Chiang Kai-shek, and finally captured Chiang Kai-shek alive behind a large stone called the "Tiger Pan Stone" in the back mountain of Huaqing Pond.
It turned out that after Chiang Kai-shek was awakened by the sound of gunfire outside, he thought that the Red Army had come in, and he panicked and put on his pajamas and wore slippers and ran out, hearing the sound of gunfire coming from the front yard, Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly fled to the backyard, but unfortunately the door lock could not be opened.
In a hurry, Chiang Kai-shek stepped on the shoulder of a bodyguard and climbed up the wall, but because he was too nervous, he accidentally fell down, and the other side of the wall was a chaotic stone ditch, Chiang Kai-shek fell into it impartially, his spine was injured on the spot, his body was scratched, and his shoes were also lost, the scene was extremely embarrassing, but Chiang Kai-shek knew that it was important to escape, and hurriedly got up and climbed the mountain to hide in a small hole next to a large rock.
At the bottom of the mountain, Chiang Kai-shek was taken to the car by the soldiers, and Chiang Xiaoxian was not so lucky, he did many evils in his daily life, and he knew that this matter was still very arbitrary, and he was killed on the spot.
At the same time that Liu Duoquan led the Northeast Army to attack Huaqingchi, Zhang Xueliang sent troops to attack the Xijing Guest House in Xi'an City, arresting Chen Cheng, a Kuomintang military and political officer who lived inside.
Late on the night of the 13th, Liu Duoquan received orders to transfer Chiang Kai-shek to Gao Guizi's newly built residence in Xi'an for guarding, thinking that he would consider that Chiang Kai-shek would be released in the end and could not treat his body badly.
Liu Duoquan came to Chiang Kai-shek's house with Song Wenmei, and Chiang Kai-shek was a little flustered, because when the Kuomintang secretly executed political prisoners, they usually chose a time when people were quiet in the middle of the night, so Chiang Kai-shek, Liu Duoquan and Song Wenmei, came to execute him, especially Song Wenmei still had a revolver pinned to his waist.
Liu Duoquan said to Chiang Kai-shek: "How is the chairman of the committee doing?" Deputy Commander Zhang and Director Yang are always concerned, knowing that the chairman of the committee is not resting well, because the new city is a barracks, all day long is to blow the trumpet, exercise, too uneasy, Deputy Commander Zhang and Director Yang feel that the chairman of the committee is still living in a quiet place, Gao Guizi's public relations, very quiet, the equipment is better than here, tonight I want to invite the chairman to live there..."
Before Liu Duoquan could finish speaking, Chiang Kai-shek shouted loudly," and Chiang Kai-shek said, "I am also the president of the Executive Yuan, and the Xi'an Sui Bureau is a direct organ of the Executive Yuan. ”
Liu Duoquan, Song Wenmei and Sun Mingjiu took turns to persuade Chiang Kai-shek to move, but they were all refused by Chiang Kai-shek, and they could not be persuaded until the early morning, so they had to go back to Zhang Xueliang to resume his life.
On December 24, Zhou Enlai, Zhang Xueliang, and Yang Hucheng negotiated with Chiang Kai-shek, and Zhou Enlai first denounced Chiang Kai-shek's betrayal of Sun Yat-sen, betrayal of the revolution, and the heinous crimes of endangering the nation, and then pointed out the way out for Chiang Kai-shek: "As long as you stop the civil war and unify the anti-Japanese resistance, the Chinese Communists will not blame you for the past, and the two generals Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng will also let you go back." ”
On December 25, 1936, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to agree to the "Eight-Point Proposal", and after the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, Zhang Xueliang personally sent Chiang Kai-shek back to Nanjing despite the opposition of everyone and "pleaded guilty" to the Kuomintang Central Committee.
Sure enough, Zhang Xueliang went to Nanjing and never returned, and hundreds of thousands of Northeastern troops were suddenly leaderless, and there were serious internal differences over the issue of the main war and the main peace, which eventually led to a situation of internecine killing.
On February 2, 1937, Wang Yizhe and other elders of the Northeast Army were killed by the Shaozhuang faction of the Northeast Army and others, Wang Yizhe, as Liu Duoquan's military commander and close friend, had a very deep feeling, after learning of this, the angry Liu Duoquan pulled the troops directly to Xi'an and wantonly searched for the officers of the Shaozhuang faction, but at this time, the officers who shot Wang Yizhe and others had already fled to the Soviet area.
When Liu Duoquan heard the secret report that When Commander Wang Yizhe was killed, Gao Fuyuan, who was then the brigade commander, was in command in Fanxiang, and the vengeful Liu Duoquan mistakenly thought that Gao Fuyuan was also involved, so he sent Gao Fuyuan to the division headquarters for a meeting, and Gao Fuyuan did not think too much and only took two guards to Xi'an.
After Gao Fuyuan arrived at the entrance of the division department, he got out of the car with two guards and walked toward the division headquarters, and as soon as he entered the courtyard, he was arrested by the soldiers who had ambushed in advance, and then Gao Fuyuan was shot on the spot along with his entourage, and finally pushed into a dry well for burial.
As a result, the internecine killing within the Northeast Army became more and more uncontrolled, and just when the Northeast Army was about to cause great chaos, Zhou Enlai intervened as a representative of the Chinese Communists and began to work on many sides, so that the situation could be controlled.
In accordance with Chiang Kai-shek's instructions, the former Northeast Army was downsized from the "A-type Army" of the Fourth Division of each Army to the "B-Type Army" (the second division per army and the second brigade of each division), and only the 2nd Cavalry Army retained three divisions, and Liu Duoquan was appointed as the commander of the 49th Army, the 105th Division under the jurisdiction of Gao Pengyun and the 109th Division of Zhao Yi.
As the commander-in-chief of capturing Chiang Kai-shek, Liu Duoquan actually did not fall and rise, can Chiang Kai-shek really ignore the previous suspicions? The answer is no, all this is nothing more than a conspiracy of Chiang Kai-shek, who put forward the "B case" of the Northeast Army's eastward transfer, so as to set a trap so that the various armies of the Northeast Army were not subordinate to each other and the troops were divided into various battlefields, thus unveiling the tragic prelude to the hatred of eternity.
After the "July 7 Incident", the Japanese army began to invade China in an all-round way, the two parties also united front to carry out a full-scale war of resistance, Liu Duoquan was ordered to garrison cangxian and Near Jinghai, and soon after the Japanese army gathered a large number of troops and began to attack south along the Jinpu Railway.
On August 21, a scout reported to Liu Duoquan that he had found a large number of suspected main Japanese troops advancing towards Jinghai, and Liu Duoquan immediately ordered his troops to occupy favorable terrain to block the Japanese army, and the soldiers struggled to block the Japanese army.
The cunning Japanese army brought in heavy artillery and launched a fierce artillery bombardment on the defenders in the Jinghai area, and the soldiers of the 49th Army led by Liu Duoquan resisted the Japanese artillery fire, but the disparity in equipment could not resist in the end, and Liu Duoquan was forced to order the troops to retreat south.
Liu Duoquan led his troops all the way to the battle and retreated, and on the way to retreat, he received orders from Chiang Kai-shek, and Liu Duoquan was ordered to lead his troops to Shanghai to support the Songhu battlefield, and after the Battle of Songhu, the 49th Army was seriously injured and almost completely destroyed.
After Liu Duoquan led the troops to Shanghai, the two divisions were stationed on the qianjiang lane, the first line of Jiangqiao, the jiwangmiao and the matongqiao line, both suffered heavy losses, the 105th division stationed in the qianjiang lane and the first line of the jiangqiao was attacked, the Japanese army dispatched heavy artillery to cover the positions of the 105th division, the 626 regiment under its jurisdiction was also killed and wounded more than half, the regiment commander Gu Zhongquan was killed on the spot, the 109th division stationed at the jiwangmiao temple and the matong bridge line was even more tragic, and the japanese army several times larger than itself fought hard, and the losses were even more heavy. The commanders of three of the four regiments under its jurisdiction were killed one after another, and the soldiers were killed and wounded countless times.
Liu Duoquan watched the 49th Army being beaten almost completely in his hands, and went to Chiang Kai-shek to ask for a rectification, but Chiang Kai-shek did not care how heavy the losses of the 49th Army were, and ignored Liu Duoquan's request.
The soldiers of the pre-5th Division, which was newly transferred to reorganize the 109th Division, were all empty-handed and not equipped with any weapons, but at present they could only accept this result, and after deliberation, it was finally decided that Zhao Yi would continue to serve as the commander of the 109th Division, and the officers above the regimental commander of the former Pre-5th Division would continue to stay in office.
Seeing that it was difficult to get people and horses, the problem of weapons and equipment really overwhelmed Liu Duoquan, and finally he could only decide to take out the bottom of his home and equip some of the weapons that Zhang Xueliang had left behind for the soldiers, and the 109th Division after supplementing the equipment was instantly different, it could be called a well-equipped fresh force, a pure Czech rifle, each company had six Czech light machine guns, each battalion was also equipped with a heavy machine gun company, and the regimental headquarters was equipped with mortars, which suddenly became the main force.
However, Liu Duoquan was too happy too soon, and when the marching order was issued to the 109th Division, all four regimental commanders who had been scheduled to remain in the 5th Division were on leave, and the troops could not command at all.
Liu Duoquan reflected the matter to Chiang Kai-shek and tried to reason with Chiang Kai-shek, but Chiang Kai-shek not only did not punish the four regimental commanders who disobeyed the military orders, but instead took this opportunity to remove Zhao Yi, the commander of the 109th Division, and instead let his sister-in-law Li Shude succeed him as the commander of the 109th Division, and most of the other officers of the former Northeast Army personally appointed by Liu Duoquan were also removed one after another, and the entire 109th Division underwent a major change of blood, and then assigned the 109th Division to the command of the 1st Theater.
A whole division of the 49th Army was stripped away in this way, and the key was to take away the only remaining family foundation, which was to lose his wife and fold the troops, Liu Duoquan also saw the true face of Chiang Kai-shek, but with his own strength, he could not resist, and could only choose to endure the humiliation and wait for the opportunity.
After the Battle of Wuhan, Chiang Kai-shek began to take the 49th Army to open the knife, carry out a major change of blood for the 49th Army, appoint Wang Tiehan as the commander of the 105th Division, and Zhang Yanchuan as the commander of the newly added reserve 9th Division, while the original well-equipped 109th Division was independently formed and incorporated into the 90th Army.
In 1939, Liu Duoquan led his troops to participate in the Battle of Nanchang, stationed on the south bank of Xiushui, encountered fierce bombardment by the artillery regiment of the Japanese 11th Army, and carried out a three-hour long artillery bombardment before the general attack, mixed with a large number of poison gas bombs, resulting in serious losses to the Kuomintang army, and soon after the Japanese 101st Division captured Nanchang.
The Military Commission of the Nationalist Government concluded that the Japanese army spared no effort to capture nanchang city, the consumption was bound to be huge, and the follow-up supply could not keep up with the garrison strength, so it decided to launch a counter-offensive against Nanchang, Liu Duoquan's 42nd Army was subordinate to the 19th Group Army, and received orders to attack the Nanxun railway between Xiushui and Nanchang, with the purpose of destroying transportation and cutting off the reinforcements of the Japanese army.
Liu Duoquan received a new task and led his troops to advance to the Gao'an area one after another as a general reserve, but after conquering Dacheng and Gao'an, the progress was very difficult, and it was blocked everywhere, and Nanchang City could not be attacked for a long time, and in the long run it was bound to suffer greater losses, so Chiang Kai-shek had to order the attack to stop.
After the Battle of Nanchang, Liu Duoquan was punished, and was demoted from the original lieutenant general to colonel, but more than that, Chiang Kai-shek has been holding on to the failure of the water repair operation, and then, the 49th Army has also been reorganized again, and the officers of various units have also been transferred one after another, and Chiang Kai-shek's concubine Lin Yaotang and Ling Zhencang have been sent to take over, so that the entire 49th Army of the Northeast Army has been extinct in name from the original two divisions of the concubines to the present!
After Japan's surrender, in order to deal with matters related to the acceptance of the areas under which the Japanese army was surrendered, the Kuomintang established the North China Suppression Command, with Fu Zuoyi as the commander-in-chief, and in 1948 Rehe was also assigned to the general command area of suppression, and Liu Duoquan still had residual use value for Chiang Kai-shek, so he appointed Liu Duoquan as the deputy commander of the "Suppression General" in North China, and was promoted several ranks in a row, promoted from colonel to general of the army, and became Fu Zuoyi's deputy, the purpose behind which was to win over the generals of the former Northeast Army to fight a civil war for Chiang Kai-shek.
On the eve of the founding of New China, Liu Duoquan electrified an uprising in Hong Kong, and has been working tirelessly for the construction of New China ever since.
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