Statement on Chiang Kai-shek's statement
(December 28, 1936)
In Xi'an, Chiang Kai-shek's acceptance of the anti-Japanese demands of Second General Zhang Xueliang and yang Hucheng and the people of the northwestern people, first ordering the troops engaged in the civil war to withdraw from Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, was the beginning of Chiang Kai-shek's transformation of his ten-year wrong policy. This dealt a blow to the conspiracy of Japanese imperialism and the Chinese crusaders who commanded the civil war, created divisions, and wanted to put Chiang to death in this incident. The disappointment of Japanese imperialism and the Chinese crusaders is already evident. Chiang's expression of consciousness can be seen as an expression of the Kuomintang's willingness to put an end to its decade-long erroneous policy.
On December 26, Chiang Kai-shek issued a statement in Luoyang, the so-called "Precepts on Zhang Yang", which was vague and tortuous, and was actually an interesting article in Chinese political literature. If Chiang Kai-shek wants to learn a profound lesson from this incident, and to make efforts to build a new life for the Kuomintang, to put an end to his traditional erroneous policy of compromise with the outside world, the use of troops at home, and the oppression of the people, and to guide the Kuomintang to a position that does not contradict the wishes of the people, then he should have an article on political regret for opening up a better future in the past, so as to show his sincerity. The statement of December 26 does not meet the demands of the Chinese people.
There is a paragraph in Chiang's statement that deserves praise, that is, the paragraph he said that "words must be believed, and deeds must be fruitful." This means that he did not sign the conditions put forward by Zhang Yang in Xi'an, but he was willing to accept those requirements that were beneficial to the country and the nation, and would not be untrustworthy because he did not sign. We will see whether Chiang's troops are faithful and whether he implements the conditions he promised. These conditions were: (i) the reorganization of the Kuomintang and the National Government, the expulsion of the pro-Japanese faction, and the accommodation of anti-Japanese elements; (ii) the release of the patriotic leader in Shanghai, the release of all political prisoners, and the guarantee of the people's freedom and rights; (iii) the cessation of the policy of "suppressing the Communists" and the united red army in resisting Japan; (iv) the convening of a national salvation conference of all parties, factions, all walks of life, and the armies to decide on the policy of resisting Japan and saving the country; (v) establishing cooperative relations with countries sympathetic to China's resistance to Japan; and (vi) other specific ways of saving the country. The implementation of these conditions requires, first of all, faithfulness and courage. We will examine chiang's future actions.
However, chiang's statement also contained the words that the Xi'an incident was surrounded by "reactionaries." Unfortunately, Chiang Did Not Explain Who His So-Called "Reactionaries" were, nor did he know how the three words "reactionaries" in Chiang's dictionary were interpreted. However, the launching of the Xi'an Incident was indeed influenced by the following forces: (i) the rise of the anti-Japanese anger of Zhang Yang's troops and the revolutionary people in the northwest; (ii) the rise of the anti-Japanese anger of the people of the whole country; (iii) the development of the Left forces of the Kuomintang; (iv) the demands of the powerful factions in the provinces for resisting Japan and saving the country; (v) the communist party's stand for an anti-Japanese national united front; and (vi) the development of the world peace front. These are undeniable facts. The "reactionaries" that Chiang Called "reactionaries" are none other than these forces, but people call them revolutionaries, and Chiang is called "reactionaries." In Xi'an, Chiang Kai-shek once said that he would seriously resist Japan, and that he would not attack the revolutionary forces in Xi'an again, because not only did the issue of faith and righteousness have a bearing on the political life of Chiang Kai-shek and his faction, but also on the actual political road, in front of Chiang Kai-shek and his faction, there was a force that had swelled up and was unfavorable to them, and that was the so-called crusading faction that wanted to put Chiang to death during the Xi'an Incident. Therefore, we advise Chiang Kai-shek to revise his political dictionary and change the word "reactionary" to the word revolutionary, which is worthy of the name and more appropriate.
Chiang Kai-shek should remember that the reason why he was able to leave Xi'an safely, except for General Zhang Yang'er, the leader of the Xi'an Incident, was that the mediation of the Communist Party was real and powerful. The Communist Party advocated a peaceful settlement in the Xi'an Incident and made all kinds of efforts to this end, all from the viewpoint of national survival. If the civil war expands and Zhang Yang imprisons Chiang Kai-shek for a long time, the progress of the incident will be in vain favorable to Japanese imperialism and the Chinese crusaders. Under such circumstances, the Communist Party resolutely exposed the conspiracy of Japanese imperialism and the Chinese crusading factions Wang Jingwei and He Yingqin, and resolutely advocated a peaceful settlement of the incident, which coincided with the views of General Zhang Yang'er, Song Ziwen, and other Kuomintang members. This is the position of the people of the whole country, because the present civil war is abhorred by the people.
Chiang had regained his freedom by accepting xi'an conditions. The question for the future is whether Chiang Will not compromise his promise of "believing in his words and doing what he does" and earnestly fulfilling all the conditions for salvation. The people of the whole country will not allow Chiang to have any more room to wander and discount. If Chiang Kai-shek wants to linger on the question of resistance against Japan and postpone the practice of his promises, the revolutionary wave of the people of the whole country will inevitably sweep across Chiang Kai-shek. As the saying goes: "A man who has no faith does not know what he can do." "Chiang and his faction must pay close attention.
If Chiang Kai-shek can wash away the dirt of the Kuomintang's ten-year reactionary policy, completely change his basic mistakes of making concessions to the outside world, using troops at home, and oppressing the people, and immediately embark on the front of uniting all parties and factions to resist Japan in unison, and be able to take practical steps to save the country militarily and politically, then the Communist Party should sponsor him. The Communist Party had already promised Chiang and the Kuomintang in its August 25 letter to Chiang kai-shek and the Kuomintang. The Communist Party's "words must be believed, deeds must be fruitful" has long been recognized by the people of the whole country over the past fifteen years. The people of the whole country trust the words and deeds of the Communist Party out of trust in the words and deeds of any party in the country.
【Notes】
[1] The Kuomintang Northeast Army headed by Zhang Xueliang and the Kuomintang Seventeenth Route Army headed by Yang Hucheng, under the influence of the Chinese Red Army and the People's Anti-Japanese Movement, agreed with the Communist Party of China's proposal to establish an anti-Japanese national united front and demanded that Chiang Kai-shek unite with the Communists to resist Japan. Jiang refused, and even more perversely acted, actively arranged the "suppression of the communist" military, and ordered the suppression of the anti-Japanese patriotic movement of Xi'an students. On December 12, 1936, Zhang and Yang launched the Xi'an Incident and detained Chiang Kai-shek. The Communist Party of China resolutely supported Zhang and Yang's patriotic actions, and at the same time advocated a peaceful settlement of this incident on the basis of unity and resistance against Japan. On December 24, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to accept the conditions of the United Communists against Japan and was subsequently released back to Nanjing.
[2] Refers to the pro-Japanese faction within the Kuomintang government in Nanjing at the time of the Xi'an Incident who advocated a crusade against Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng. Led by Wang Jingwei and He Yingqin, these people took advantage of the Xi'an Incident to prepare to launch a large-scale civil war in order to facilitate the offensive of Japanese imperialism and seize the opportunity to seize Chiang Kai-shek's dominant position.
[3] Chiang Kai-shek's so-called "Instructions to Zhang Yang" was published after his arrival in Nanjing from Luoyang on December 26, 1936.
[4] Shanghai patriotic leaders refer to Shen Junru, Zhang Naiqi, Zou Taofen, Li Gongpu, Wang Zaoshi, Sha Qianli, Shi Liang, and other responsible persons of the National Salvation Congress who led the anti-Japanese patriotic movement in Shanghai at that time. They were arrested by the Kuomintang government in November 1936 and not released until July 1937.
[5] Wang Jingwei was the leader of the pro-Japanese faction of the Kuomintang at that time. Since the September 18 Incident in 1931, he has always advocated compromise with regard to the aggression of Japanese imperialism. After the Xi'an Incident in December 1936, a telegram was sent abroad advocating that Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng be "vigorously attacked and quickly encircled and suppressed"; at the same time, they immediately left Germany to return to China in an attempt to seize the rule of the Kuomintang government in Nanjing. After the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, he continued to spread the rhetoric of surrendering to Japan and opposed the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists to resist Japan. See note [31] in this volume, On Tactics against Japanese Imperialism.
[6] He Yingqin (1890-1987), a native of Xingyi, Guizhou. At that time, he was another leader of the pro-Japanese faction of the Kuomintang. After the Xi'an Incident, he was elected by the Kuomintang government in Nanjing as the "commander-in-chief of rebellion". He actively planned to start a civil war, deployed Kuomintang troops to march along the Longhai Road into Shaanxi, dispatched air forces to bomb Weinan and other places, and planned to bomb Xi'an and kill Chiang Kai-shek in order to take Chiang Kai-shek's position and replace him.
[7] Song Ziwen was a pro-American faction. Because of the contradiction between the US and Japanese imperialists in the Far East at that time, he also advocated a peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident in accordance with the interests of the United States.
[8] See Analects of Government.
[9] The letter made a righteous and stern criticism of the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang and the Second Plenary Session of the Kuomintang Central Committee at that time, and at the same time stated the policy of the Communist Party of China on establishing an anti-Japanese national united front and preparing to re-establish Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Here is the main part of the letter: "The 'centralization and unification' mentioned by the Second Plenary Session of your Party is really putting the cart before the horse. It should be noted that the civil war and non-unification of the past ten years are entirely due to the dependence of your Party and your Government on the imperialist policy of misleading the country, especially the consistent policy of non-resistance since September 18. Under the slogan of your Party and your Government, "Foreign countries must first be at home," civil wars were waged year after year, countless sieges of the Red Army were waged, and no effort was spared in suppressing the patriotic and democratic movements of the people of the whole country. Until recently, it was still abandoning the northeast and northern China, forgetting that Japanese imperialism was China's greatest enemy, and instead using all forces to oppose the Red Army and engage in the internal strife between your party's own strongholds, using all its strength to block the Red Army's anti-Japanese road, disrupting the Anti-Japanese rear of the Red Army, ignoring the anti-Japanese demands of the people of the whole country, and depriving the people of the whole country of their right to freedom. Patriotism is guilty, unjust imprisonment is all over the country; traitors are rewarded, and traitors are celebrated. Seeking centralization and reunification with this erroneous policy is really a matter of reason and counterproductive. We are now telling you gentlemen that if you do not fundamentally change your erroneous policy, if you do not place hatred in The heart of Hatred on Japanese imperialism and still on your own countrymen, then it will be impossible for you to maintain the status quo barely, and the idea of centralization and unity and the so-called 'modern state' will be all the more utter empty talk. What the people of the whole country want now is the centralization and unification of resisting Japan and saving the country, not the centralized unification of the remnants of the people who flatter the outside world. The people of the whole country now enthusiastically demand a government that truly saves the country and the people, a real democratic republic. The people of the whole country demand a democratic republican government that serves their own interests. The main programme of this government must: first, be able to resist foreign insults. Secondly, democratic rights can be given to the people. Third, it is possible to develop the national economy and alleviate or even eliminate the suffering of the people's lives. If we want to say 'modern state', these programs are what colonial and semi-colonial China really demands in the present era. The people of the whole country are now struggling with fervent desire and determination to achieve such an end. The policies of your Party and your Government, on the other hand, run counter to the aspirations of the people of the whole country, and it is absolutely impossible to seek the trust of the people in this way. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese Red Army hereby solemnly declare: We sponsor the establishment of a unified democratic republic throughout China, the convening of a Congress elected by universal suffrage, the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Congress of the people of the whole country and the anti-Japanese army, and the national unified national defense government. We declare that when a unified democratic republic of all China is established, the red zone will become an integral part of the unified democratic republic of all China, and the representatives of the people in the red zone will participate in the national assembly of the whole of China and implement the same democratic system as all of China in the red zone. We believe that the national defense conference decided to be organized by the Second Plenary Session of your Party, as well as the National Assembly being convened by your Party and your Party's government, cannot accomplish the task of centralizing and unifying the anti-Japanese struggle to save the dead. According to the Regulations on National Defence Conferences adopted by the Second Plenary Session of your Party, the organization of the National Defence Conference is limited to the few officials in power of your Party and your Party's Government; the task of the National Defense Conference is to serve only as an advisory organ to your Party's government. It is abundantly clear that such meetings cannot achieve anything and cannot gain any confidence of the people. And the National Assembly to be convened by gentlemen, according to the Draft Constitution of the Republic of China and the Law on the Organic and Election of Deputies adopted by your Government, likewise cannot achieve anything and cannot gain the trust of the people, because such a National Assembly is only an organ manipulated by a small number of officials of your Party and your Government, and is an appendage and ornament of these officials. Such national defense conferences and national congresses have no similarities with the National Congress of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and National Salvation (i.e., the National Defense Conference), the Chinese Democratic Republic and its National Assembly, which the Party advocates. We believe that the National Defense Conference for Resisting Japan and Saving the Country must absorb representatives of all parties, factions, circles, and armed contingents, constitute organs of power that can truly decide on the great plan of resisting Japan and saving the country, and from this conference emerge a unified national defense government. The National Assembly must also be a national assembly elected by the people of the whole country and the highest organ of power in the Democratic Republic of China. Only such a national defense conference and the National Congress can be welcomed, supported, and participated in by the people of the whole country, and can the great cause of saving the country and the people be placed on a solid foundation. Otherwise, any nice term will never be supplemented by reality, and will never be agreed by the people of the whole country. The failure of the various meetings that your party and your Government have always convened is the best proof of this. The manifesto of the Second Plenary Session of your Party also said: 'When dangers and obstacles come, they can be planned, and they will not slack off their duties because of the difficulties of state affairs. ''Our Party must do its best to carry out the rise and fall of the country through to the end.'' It is true that your Party is the ruling party in the largest part of China's territory, and all the political responsibilities that have been imposed in the past cannot be borne by your Party. Under the one-party government of the Kuomintang, the Kuomintang must not shirk its responsibilities. In particular, since the September 18 Incident, your party has violated the will of the people of the whole country and the interests of the whole nation, implemented an absolutely wrong policy, and achieved the result of losing almost half of China, and this responsibility cannot be blamed on anyone else. In the eyes of us and the people of the whole country, half of China has fallen by your party, and we must not fail to teach your party the responsibility of restoring territorial sovereignty. At the same time, many conscientious elements in your Party are now truly aware of the horrors of the subjugation of the country and the inability of public opinion, and have embarked on a new transformation and begun to be angry and dissatisfied with the elements in their own Party who have brought calamity to the Party and the country. The Communist Party of China is fully sympathetic to this new change and warmly welcomes the ambition and consciousness of these patriotic and conscientious members of the Chinese Kuomintang, and their willingness to sacrifice their struggle and dare to innovate in the face of national peril. We know that there are many conscious and patriotic people in the central and provincial party departments of your Party, in the central and provincial governments, in the educational circles, in the scientific circles, in the art circles, in the press, in the practical circles, in the women's circles, in the religious circles, in the pharmaceutical circles, in the police circles, in various mass organizations, especially in the broad army, among the old and new Members of the Kuomintang and leaders at all levels, and that such people are still increasing day by day, and this is a very gratifying phenomenon. The Communist Party of China is always ready to join hands with these Kuomintang members in organizing a solid national united front against the greatest enemy of the whole nation, Japanese imperialism. We hope that these Kuomintang members will quickly form a dominant force in the Kuomintang to overwhelm those Kuomintang members who, in disregard of the interests of the nation, who have actually become agents of Japanese imperialism and who have actually become the worst and most shameful members of the pro-Japanese traitors -- those kuomintang members who insulted Dr. Sun Yat-sen, restored the spirit of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolution of the Three People's Principles, revived Dr. Sun Yat-sen's United Republic of Russia and the three major policies of supporting peasants and workers, and put their 'minds and talents' to 'implement' the revolutionary Three People's Principles and the 'always' of the Three Major Policies. Implement the 'always' of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary will. We hope that they, together with the patriotic leaders and patriotic people of all parties, factions, and circles throughout the country, will resolutely shoulder the responsibility of inheriting Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary cause, resolutely struggle to expel Japanese imperialism and save China from peril, fight for the democratic rights of the people of the whole country, struggle for the development of the Chinese national economy to relieve the suffering of the overwhelming majority of the people, and struggle for the realization of the Democratic Republic of China and its democratic congress and democratic government. The Communist Party of China declares to all Chinese Kuomintang people: If you really do this, we will resolutely sponsor you, and we are willing to form a solid revolutionary united front with you, just as the two parties formed a great united front against national and feudal oppression during the great revolutionary period of China from 1924 to 1927, because this is the only correct way to save the world today. ”
![Zhang Xueliang has 250,000 Northeast Troops under his command: Why was he placed under house arrest for 54 years and no one came to his rescue?[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)