Outpatient stories
Kiki's parents are both nearsighted, especially her mother, who is highly myopic at 1000 degrees. Kiki, who was more than 1 year old, was found on the first examination that the reserve of hyperopia in her right eye had completely disappeared, and even had mild myopia; her left eye was only equivalent to that of a 10-year-old child. Worried that Kiki will become a "small glasses" in the future, anxious parents bring their children to the clinic.
Under the guidance of the doctor, Kiki 's home' "blocked" all electronic products. Not only that, Grandma also took Qiqi to Hainan and played by the beach every day. Three months later, the tanned Kiki went to the hospital for a review, and the results showed that the farsighted reserves of Kiki's eyes recovered by 80 to 100 degrees. The family decided to continue to bathe in the sun with Qiqi's "eyes" and review them regularly to protect the child's farsighted reserves.
0 to 6 years old is a critical period for children's visual development. Shao Junyan, chief physician of the Department of Pediatrics of the Emergency General Hospital, said that the seeds of myopia may have been planted before school age, and the prevention of myopia should start from infants and young children, and parents should help their children keep their valuable farsighted reserves. So, how can parents protect their children's eyes and help them stay away from myopia?
What is a farsighted reserve
Before talking about farsighted reserves, let's first understand the concept of the eye axis. The eye axis is the light-sensitive distance from the outermost layer of the eyeball to the fundus, that is, the distance of light from the cornea-lens-vitreous to the retina. The length of the eye axis determines the relationship between the image position of the object and the retina.
Hyperopia reserve is the state of farsightedness during the visualization of visual development. Newborns are born with hyperopia, and low-grade hyperopia (less than 300 degrees) is a normal state for children. With age, the child's eyes will slowly develop, the eye axis will gradually lengthen, the degree of farsightedness will slowly decrease, and by the age of 12, it will reach a state of positive vision. Medically, this process is called the process of orthodontic development of the eyeball.
If the child's eye axis grows too fast during development, farsightedness becomes orthopic prematurely, and after orthodonization, the eye axis continues to become longer, and it will develop towards myopia. Therefore, the reserve of farsightedness is a protective factor of the eye, which can be understood as a "buffer zone" against the development of myopia.
The rapid decline in hyperopia reserves is an early warning sign of myopia. If your child's farsighted reserves cannot be maintained within the appropriate range, there may be a hidden danger of myopia. Parents should regularly check their children for changes in farsightedness reserves in order to detect problems in a timely manner and take effective interventions.
These factors can "hurt" the reserve of farsightedness
What are the high risk factors for "harming" the reserve of farsightedness and causing myopia?
Genetic factors:
If the child's parents are myopic, especially if they have a high degree of myopia above 600 degrees, then the risk of myopia in the child is also relatively high.
Excessive use of electronics
In addition, when the child's eyes move back and forth with the dynamic picture on the screen, the ciliary body muscles that adjust the pupils will always be in a state of tension, which can cause visual fatigue for a long time, and pseudo-myopia will slowly transform into true myopia.
It should be noted that long-term use of electronic products in children may also cause dry eye. Blinking is a normal physiological process of the human body and plays a role in moisturizing the eyeballs. Normal people blink 20 to 25 times per minute, if they are facing the electronic screen for a long time, the concentration is high, and the number of blinks can drop to about 5 times per minute, resulting in excessive evaporation of tear fluid and uneven distribution of tear film, which is easy to cause dry eye disease. The World Health Organization recommends that young children under 2 years of age should not be exposed to any electronic screens, and children aged 2 to 5 years should not be exposed to electronic screens for more than 1 hour per day.
Unhealthy diet
Eating too sweetly, too well, and too softly can affect your child's vision.
People who eat too sweet know that eating too much sweets can lead to caries, but in fact, eating too sweet can also be very harmful to children's eyes. Sweets contain a lot of sugar, and eating too much will lead to a deficiency of B vitamins and trace elements chromium in the body, which is one of the causes of myopia. Sugars produce a large number of acidic substances during digestion, absorption and metabolism, which can be neutralized with calcium in the body, resulting in calcium loss. Calcium deficiency can cause a decrease in the toughness of the eyeball, resulting in a longer eye axis. In addition, sugar metabolism in the body will consume a large amount of vitamin B1, vitamin B1 has a protective effect on the optic nerve, and the lack of vitamin B1 will affect the development of the optic nerve.
Eating fine foods for a long time can cause the body to lack chromium, make the lens become convex, increase the diopter, and cause myopia.
Eating too soft and chewing is called an alternative "eye exercise". If you usually eat soft food, you will reduce the chance of chewing. Eating too few hard foods is also one of the reasons for the increase in myopia in adolescents.
How to protect farsighted reserves
Stick to the outdoors
This is the best way to avoid excessive consumption of hyperopia reserves, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of myopia. Outdoor activities can make the body more exposed to sunlight, ultraviolet rays into the eyes, can promote the retina secretion of neurotransmitter dopamine, dopamine can block the growth of the eye axis, reduce the risk of rapid development of the eye axis. In addition, ultraviolet rays can increase the synthesis of vitamin D in the body, promote calcium absorption, and also help slow down the growth of the eye axis. Children should spend more than 2 hours of outdoor activities and physical exercise per day. Just like Kiki in the case, if you want to protect your child's vision, you may wish to take them to the outdoor "eye" to bathe in the sun.
Eat a sensible diet
Pay attention to controlling the intake of sweets, and obtain various nutrients in a balanced and comprehensive manner. On the basis of a balanced diet, you can focus on supplementing foods rich in DHA, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin C, and try to achieve a thick and thin combination.
Pay attention to eye hygiene
Learn under the right light brightness, correct the posture of using the eyes at close range, shorten the time of using the eyes at close range, combine work and leisure, actively relax the eyes, and ensure adequate sleep.
Establish a vision profile
Myopia is irreversible, so prevention should be done in advance. Parents should establish visual health files for their children as soon as possible, detect myopia tendencies early, intervene in time, and reduce the occurrence of myopia, especially to avoid the occurrence and development of high myopia. It is recommended to check your child's vision once every 3 months to six months.
Tips
Under normal circumstances, children of different ages have the following reserves of farsightedness:
250 to 350 degrees of farsightedness before the age of 3
4 to 5 years old 210 to 220 degrees of farsightedness
6 to 7 years old 175 to 200 degrees of farsightedness
8 years old 150 degrees farsightedness
9 years old 125 degrees farsightedness
10 years old 100 degrees farsightedness
11 years old 75 degrees farsightedness
12 years old 50 degrees farsightedness
Source: Health News
Coordinator of this issue: Chen Xiaoyu
Editor of this issue: Liu Jie