In the vast history of China, Confucius is the most epoch-making great figure.
Confucius, mingqiu, character Zhongni, was born around the twenty-first year of the Zhou Ling King (551 BC). According to History, Confucius's ancestor was Kong Fangshu of the Song Dynasty. Uncle Fang gave birth to Boxia, and Boxia gave birth to Uncle Liang. Legend has it that Confucius was born to Shu Liang And Yan's daughter Ye. When Confucius was born, he had a strange appearance, with a low middle of his head and a towering tower on all sides, much like Mount Niqiu. His parents named him "Qiu", the character Zhongni.
Heaven does not give birth to Jonny, and eternity is like a long night
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the beginning of the Warring States Period, Chinese history was in a period of great change. At that time, Chinese society was transforming from a slave society to a feudal society. The old system is collapsing day by day, while the new system is still in the bud, has not yet been formally established, and the whole society is in turmoil. By the Warring States period, profound changes had also taken place in ideology and culture. The extremely strong concept of heavenly destiny gods and ghosts in the Xia Shang Dynasty was questioned and impacted, the traditional mechanism of aristocratic monopoly education could not be maintained, the culture began to precipitate and move down, and private lectures were in the ascendant.
Politically, Zhou Tianzi was no longer able to control the various princely states under him, and the princely states also had the phenomenon of great power falling away and Qing Dafu taking over the government without authorization, and the hierarchical patriarchal system from Tianzi to princely princes to Qing Dafu to scholars was also disrupted.
Kong Qiu
During the Warring States period, Confucianism and Mojia were called "Xianxue". The founder of Confucianism was Confucius. Because of his profound education and super-vulgar insights, he gradually became famous in the world, and put forward the proposition of "self-denial and retribution, benevolence". He set up education for the common people, and with the ambition of helping the people through the world, he lobbied the princely states, and cast the character of the Chinese nation with his great personality charm and appeal. According to legend, Confucius had 3,000 disciples and 72 sage disciples who had achieved success. In his later years, he devoted himself to sorting out literature and classics, such as "Poems" and "Books", which were collectively referred to by later generations as the "Six Classics and Six Arts".
In addition to the Qin Dynasty, which burned books and pit Confucianism, Confucius was highly respected throughout the feudal period. Especially in the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of han adopted the advice of the great Confucian Dong Zhongshu, "deposed a hundred families, respect Confucianism alone", and established the Five Classics as an official school, Confucianism has since become the orthodox thought of King,And Confucius, as the founder of Confucianism, has far surpassed the status of his sons, and has even been revered as "Su Wang" by successive rulers.
Confucius was clothed, but his name and doctrine were recorded in the history of Qing and passed down from generation to generation, and scholars of ancient and modern times still respected him as a master. From the Son of Heaven to the princes and kings, all those who talk about the Six Classics and Taoist arts regard Confucius as the highest criterion for judging and measuring, and Confucius can be said to be the "most holy teacher" who has ascended to the heights and looked far and is supreme.
Heaven does not give birth to Jonny, eternity is like a long night!
Traveling around the world, ups and downs, hardships, panic like a dog that has lost its family
Confucius was not only knowledgeable and knowledgeable, but like all the readers at that time, he devoted his life to the study of government and the way of man. He vigorously advocated "learning and excellence", hoping to rely on his profound knowledge to embark on the road of politics. However, the door of his career was reluctant to open to him, and it was not until he was more than half a hundred years old that he had the opportunity to enter politics.
According to history, in order to realize his political ideals, Confucius left the state of Lu and wandered abroad for fourteen years, successively to the princely states of Wei, Kuang, Pu, Cao, Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai, Jin, and Chu.
Ask
Confucius traveled around the world in order to enter the world, the road was difficult, he suffered from cold reception, "panic is like a dog that lost his family", still does not advocate passive avoidance, "knowing that it cannot be done". Later, the elderly Confucius lived in Weiguo and missed his hometown of Lu more and more, and with the help of his disciple Ran Qiu, Confucius finally returned to his homeland after a long absence of fourteen years. Because he was repeatedly treated coldly politically, after returning to his hometown, he completely cut off the idea of joining the army, devoted all his energy to the cause of culture and education, and worked hard to collect and sort out ancient documents as textbooks for "preaching, teaching, and solving puzzles".
Qi Jinggong once favored Confucius and intended to reuse him, but was strongly opposed by the ruling minister Yan Bao
At first, Confucius was dissatisfied with the dictatorship of Ji Zi, the grand master of the State of Lu, so he fled to the State of Qi, and once won the favor of Qi Jinggong. The "Chronicle of History" records that Qi Jinggong once asked Confucius, "Confucius said: 'King, subject, father, son'. Jing Gong yue: 'Zenya'! Faith is like a king who is not a king, a subject who is not a subject, a father who is not a father, a son who is not a son, and though there is millet, I will eat all! He asked Confucius again one day, and Confucius said: 'Politics is saving money'. Jing Gong said that he would want to seal Confucius with Ni Xi Tian." However, Confucius's superhuman political talents were jealous of the Ministers of the State of Qi, and not only did the ruling minister Yan Bao disagree with his political ideas, but other ministers even wanted to join forces to murder him.
The Seventeenth Chronicle of confucius's family says: "Yan Baojin said: 'The Confucian is funny and undeserving; he is proud and self-obedient, and cannot be subordinate; he cannot be mourned and mourned, and he cannot be buried in bankruptcy; he cannot be vulgar; he cannot lobby and beg for loans, and he cannot be the country." Since the breath of the great sages, the Zhou Chamber has declined, and the Li le is lacking. Today, Confucius is full of ornaments, the ceremony of ascending and descending, and the festival of detail, and it cannot be studied in successive generations, and it cannot be reasoned in those years. If the king wants to use it for the sake of yiqi customs, it is not advisable to first refine the people'. Hou Jinggong saw Confucius and did not ask him about his courtesy. One day, Jing Gong stopped Confucius and said, "Fengzi is of the Ji clan, but I can't." Stay between Ji and Meng. Doctor Qi wanted to harm Confucius, and Confucius heard it. Jing Gong said: "I am old, and I can use it.". Confucius went against Lu".
Why did Yan Zi oppose Confucius? Tai Shi Gong could not have said it more clearly: Confucius's thought was too profound and cumbersome to be unpopular. Qi Jinggong was almost moved by Confucius's words, but Yan Bao discouraged Qi Jinggong, saying that several generations of red tape could not be learned, and it was impossible to achieve the purpose of "yiqi customs". A few words made Qi Jinggong dispel the idea of reusing Confucius, and he also issued an eviction order for Confucius. Qi Dafu Yan Bao was also a famous politician in the late Spring and Autumn Period, he was good at verbal argumentation and had good eloquence, but his reason for belittling Confucius's teachings was very simple, in a word, nothing more than "etiquette" was too cumbersome, very troublesome, very inconvenient, and impossible to do.
Baby Yan
Although this sounds a bit mean, I have to admit that Yanzi's words are very reasonable. In the era of etiquette and badness, countries are fighting each other, and at this time, etiquette can only be passively beaten. In the era of the weak and the strong, if you want not to be eliminated, trying to make yourself strong is the best policy. Confucius's vision of "self-denial" is good, but it can only be said that the ideal is very full, the reality is too bone, an anachronistic ideology, even if it is portrayed beautifully, no one dares to implement it.
In response to Confucius's remark that "the government is saving money," Yan Zi also said: "It is not customary to worship mourning and mourning, bankruptcy and thick burial; lobbying and begging for loans cannot be used for the country." ”
Yan Zi was not at all surprised to say this. The evaluation of YanZi in the "Records of History" is that "it is more important to practice frugality than to qi." They are in harmony, they do not eat heavy meat, and their concubines do not wear clothes. "Such a virtuous courtier who is in a high position and is a vegetarian and leads by example naturally hates those extravagant and wasteful etiquette. Moreover, his views are also very much in line with the national conditions of the State of Qi, or in line with the national conditions of all the princely states, at this time, the princely states, pragmatic, and actively develop the economy and military, so as to make themselves strong, not to be invaded by other countries, this is the primary task!
But is Confucius's "self-denial" really useless? You can't say the same. Because self-denial and retribution are themselves Confucius's remedy for the collapse of the liturgy. However, this measure could only be implemented in the prosperous world, or it had to be implemented in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it would also be led by the Zhou royal family, and then the countries would establish new etiquette for friendly exchanges. However, at this time, the Zhou royal family could no longer bear this big responsibility!
Qi Jinggong
Therefore, Qi Jinggong no longer asked Confucius about politics from then on, and even if he received him, he only received him with the courtesy of treating the literati. Confucius, on the other hand, probably guessed the beginning of it, and learned that the ministers of the State of Qi were going to murder him, so they had to resign and leave.
Confucius stayed in the State of Qi for two years, and at the age of thirty-one, returned to the State of Lu again.
On the surface, this controversy is that Yanzi won over Confucius, but the two people actually did not win or lose, because the two were the top figures in different fields, Confucius was the revered Master of the Ten Thousand Worlds for generations, and Yanzi was a sage and good minister who was famous in Qingshi. At the same time, Taishi Company Ma Qian's evaluation of both of them is very high!
Tai Shi Gong commented on Confucius as "Confucius cloth cloth, passed down for more than ten generations, scholar Zongzhi." Since the Prince of Tianzi, the Chinese Six Arts have compromised with the Master, which can be described as the most holy! For Yan Zi, Tai Shi Gong was even more praised, and even said, "If Yan Zi is here, although Yu is whipped for it, he is admired." ”
In short, Confucius was not appointed by Qi Jinggong, and even traveled around the world for more than ten years without anyone reusing him, it is not that Yan Zi has prejudices against him personally, nor is it that he is not knowledgeable enough, nor is his character bad, but his political views are not inopportune. Or it's more appropriate to use a word, it's not the right time!