How many years has it been effectively ruled over Xinjiang?
Involved was another state at the time, bordering Xinjiang and called the Kokand Khanate.
The rise of this small country is thanks to Qianlong, who completely erased the yellow Mongol tribe of Dzungar from the earth, thus creating a power vacuum in the Middle East, and the Buddhist Mongols disappeared, replaced by the prosperity of Islam. To interject, Agupa came from this Khanate of Kokand.
The Khanate of Kokand was located in the southern route of trade between Xinjiang and Central Asia and West Asia, with a large and concentrated population, extremely prosperous commercial trade, and very active merchants. Kokand is also the shortest route to the most populous city in Central Asia and West Asia, so Kokand has the closest trade activities with Xinjiang, and Kokand merchants operating in Xinjiang are known as "Anditing merchants".
Kokand merchants came to Kashgar and other cities to trade more and more frequently, which required the management of a system of bilateral trade, which led to the emergence of "Hudaida" in the process of practice.
In 1813, the Khan of the Kokand Khanate established Hazi Burke (tax administration) in Kashgar, directly collecting the tax burden of local merchants, and managing the Andijan merchants and personnel on his own, no longer under the jurisdiction of Xinjiang Achim Burke.
The Khanate of Kokand put forward such conditions, I do not know whether there was a war between the two sides, I did not find specific information, only to see that in 1832 the Qing Dynasty and Kokand negotiated peace and signed a treaty.
Kokand sent the envoy Alimu Padsha to Beijing to negotiate and concluded the following four agreements:
(1) Kokand has the power to tax goods brought by Muslim merchants to the cities of 'Alteshar' (i.e., the six cities of southern Xinjiang) under Islamic law;
(2) The Kokand Overseer, who is stationed in Kashgar as a political representative, has the power to appoint 'Aksahar', the agent to collect these taxes, in the cities;
(3) The Muslims of foreign countries (countries other than Kokand) living in the cities should be placed completely under the control of these agents.
(4) As a price for the above, Kokand Khan should monitor, suppress, and suppress the Hezhuo family so that they will not invade Huibu.
In 1833, on his way back from Beijing, the envoy was appointed as Kokand's supervisor in Kashgar and opened an official office. His powers, according to the provisions of the treaty, applied to 'Alteshar', and from then on the Kokand Khanate established an official agency in Xinjiang. Hudada became the commercial and diplomatic representative of the State of Kokand, responsible for managing hui merchants and immigrants in Xinjiang and collecting taxes.
Foreign countries have the right to manage and collect taxes on your land, is this your land?
In 1759, the administration began, and in 1833 the foreign countries had the right to manage and collect taxes. Then Zuo Zongtang advocated the recovery of Xinjiang, and the time was 1881.
The Qing Dynasty collapsed in 1912.
