As the saying goes: a hero is born in a chaotic world. In times of turmoil, it is often also an era of strange people and strange things.
In the chaotic world, they may not be the performers who stand in the center of the stage, but their stories are also ups and downs, quite legendary.
1
Yang Du's life is not simple, he has been a Manchu Qing Sipin official, and Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Huang Xing are friends, and Wang Jingwei, Cai Yi, and Qi Baishi are classmates.
He met Sun Yat-sen while studying in Japan. At that time, two people full of ambitions to save the country admired each other and became good friends.
But the two men's claim to save the country did
Quite the opposite.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen believed that the Qing government was already decayed, could not have illusions about it, and should overthrow this decadent and dilapidated edifice through revolution.
A republican system is introduced.
Yang Du still had hope for the imperial system, and he believed that the bloody revolution was too radical and should be moderately reformed
constitutional monarchy.
The two debated for three days and three nights, and neither could convince the other. So the agreement: if you fail, you have to help the other party.
History tells us that Yang Du finally failed
。 The bet between the two also played an important role in the future.
Yang Du believes that the way to change the situation is to find an enlightened monarch and implement a constitutional monarchy. The Qing government was no longer useful.
So he set his sights on Yuan Shikai, thinking that Yuan Shikai was the most suitable person, and he would become a generation of ming lords with his own assistance.
Yang Du
Yang Du and Yuan Shikai also have a relationship.
Once Yang Du and some celebrities at that time were talking about state affairs in Songjun'an, it was inevitable that the taste was dry, and everyone present did not bring much money on that day, Yang Du generously took off the expensive fox fur on his body, let people take it as a pawn, used the money from the pawn to buy wine and meat, and continued to be passionate with everyone.
Early the next morning, someone knocked on Yang Du's door with a package. Yang Du opened the package and looked at it, and it turned out to be the fox fur he pawned out yesterday.
The visitor told Yang Du that it was specially ordered by his owner to send it to him. And this master is Yuan Shikai. Yuan Shikai has since left a good impression on Yang Du's heart.
Yang Du hoped to elect Yuan as emperor, which just scratched the itch in Yuan Shikai's heart. So the two hit it off.
In order to create momentum for Yuan Shikai, he convened
Sun Yujun and Yan Fu
and others were co-organized
Chip Security Council
。 They were all influential figures who influenced society to support Yuan Shikai as emperor through their appeals.
Soon there were many petition groups on the street asking Yuan Shikai to be called emperor, and even some
Coachman Petition Group, Beggars Petition Group, Prostitute Petition Group
。 At that time, the Beiyang government promised that as long as it wrote "approval" on the constitutional monarchy's vote and then put it into the ballot box, it could receive hundreds of yuan in carriage and horse fees. The initiator of this farce is Yang Du.
Yuan Shikai embarked on the stupid road of "claiming the emperor" under the people who created the chosen one,
Yang Du has also become the object of everyone's scorn, and Liang Qichao, Cai Yi and other old friends have cut off their robes with him.
Under tremendous pressure, Yuan Shikai, who had only been emperor for 38 days, was killed, and as the culprit in the implementation of the imperial system, Yang Du was on the list of revolutionaries to hunt down.
In the face of the world's thousands of fingers, opposite his empty heart of salvation but not understood, at this time Yang Du was discouraged and chose to escape into the empty door and take the title of "Tiger Zen Master".
If Yang Du's footsteps stop here, then in the long river of history, he is just a disgraced "imperial party" scourge.
However, Yang Du did not stop there, and from his Fa number, he could see the unwillingness in his heart.
Yuan Shikai
2
By chance, Yang Du met Mei Lanfang. Mei Lanfang knew that Yang Du was a famous talent, so she asked Yang Du for advice on Buddhism.
Mei Lanfang said: "Learning the Dharma can make you meditate and meditate, so that you can sing the play better."
Then Mei Lanfang took a sip of tea and said casually:
"But if everyone goes to worship the Buddha, then society will not become society."
The speaker has no intention, the listener has a heart.
Mei Lanfang's unintentional words, Yang Du sounded like a daigo, and his mind was suddenly enlightened.
Yang Du, who was hot-blooded, decided not to avoid the world.
It just so happened that two guests from the house, their messenger of Sun Yat-sen, came to ask Yang Du to come out of the mountain to help rescue the crisis.
In 1922, the Warlord Chen Jiongming of Guangzhou mutinied, and the then great warlord Wu Peifu would attack Sun Yat-sen's troops at any time.
Sun Yat-sen was attacked on his back, and at a critical moment, he thought of Yang Du, who was extremely well-connected.
So he sent someone to find Yang Du and hoped that he would help break the siege.
After receiving Sun Yat-sen's rescue, Yang Du immediately began to act.
On the one hand, he asked his friend Xia Shoutian to lobby the direct general Wang Chengbin, on the other hand, he personally went to Baoding to find Cao Kun, hoping to stop Wu Peifu from going south by lobbying Cao Kun.
Because he was very familiar with these old subordinates of Yuan Shikai, Yang Du successfully prevented Wu Peifu from going south and helped Sun Yat-sen through the difficulties.
Since then, Yang Du has followed Sun Yat-sen on the road of democratic revolution.
For his previous mistakes, Yang Du did not shy away from it, he said:
"My constitutional monarchy has failed, and there will never be a monarch again. I realized that the times are different, and that at present, only by relying on the broad masses of the people and actively participating in the revolutionary movement is the only way out to save the country. ”
Soon Yang Du was exposed to ideas that could resonate with him.
Sun Yat-sen
3
He learned about communism in an association with a Fellow Hunan native named Hu Egong.
Hu Egong, whose real identity was that of a member of the underground party's Central Committee, said to Yang Du: "You advocate selflessness and datong, and this line of thinking is very similar to communism. Let me introduce you to some of Marx's books. ”
Since then, Yang Du has come into contact with Marxist-Leninist thought and begun to understand communism.
Yang Du first met Li Dazhao at Sun Yat-sen's shanghai residence.
Later, at the home of Hu Egong in Beijing, Yang Du and Li Dazhao had an in-depth conversation.
Yang Du expressed his doubts to Li Dazhao:
"The emperor stepped down, but the president seemed to have changed five or six times. Although there is a central government, it has no authority, the provinces are independent, there are many warlords of all sizes, and there are constant wars. Ten years after the implementation of the republic, why is the situation still so chaotic? ”
Li Dazhao pondered for a moment and said: "Dr. Sun Yat-sen was a great revolutionary who was frank and selfless, but his decades of struggle neglected an extremely important factor:
Arouse the people.
”
"For a long time, Mr. Sun has been around
The upper middle class of society
Carry out revolutionary activities. On the armed side, it is too dependent on the old-style army and the jianghu party. But
The most basic, important and vast part of society is the people
。 It used to be believed that history was created by princes and generals. Not really.
History is made by the masses.
Li Dazhao's words made Yang Du feel as if he was very happy and wise, and his heart was transparent.
Yang Du expressed his willingness to accept Li Dazhao's leadership and do something useful for the Communist Party.
The task assigned to Yang Du by Li Dazhao was to use his relationship with the middle and upper echelons of the Beiyang government to understand the political situation.
In his dealings with Li Dazhao, Yang Du met Zhou Enlai, who was a twenty-seven- or eight-year-old man with thick eyebrows and big eyes
"Mr. Oh, history will speak for you."
This sentence was like a warm current, blowing through Yang Du's heart.
On April 5, 1927, Yang Du was invited to attend the wedding of Xiong Xiling's daughter. During the banquet, he met Wang Daxie, an important member of the Beiyang government.
In the greeting, Wang Da xie inadvertently revealed:
Marshal Zhang Zuolin had decided to attack the Communists
。 I heard that these Communists were hiding in Russian barracks. Zhang Dashuai decided to go on a big hunt and massacre. ”
Yang Du broke out in a cold sweat, hurriedly pushed and said that there was something wrong, and withdrew halfway.
Back to him, he asked his eldest son Yang Gongshu to go to Zhang Shizhao's house quickly, and let Zhang Shizhao cleanly inform Li Dazhao to transfer.
Zhang Shizhao immediately told Li Dazhao the news, but Li Dazhao believed that Zhang Zuolin did not dare to clash with foreign missions and did not immediately transfer.
The next day, Yang Du sent Yang Gongshu to check on the situation and found that Zhang Zuolin had surrounded the Russian embassy, so 36 people, including Li Dazhao's entire family, were arrested.
Regardless of his personal safety, Yang Du immediately ventured to meet Zhang Zuolin.
He solemnly proposed to Zhang Zuolin that Li Dazhao and others be handed over to the local court for trial, trying to ensure that they would not be quickly sentenced by military law, buy time, and then sit back and further rescue.
Moreover, he also sold his house in Beijing and replaced it
4500 oceans
，
All for rescue
Li Dazhao.
Under Yang Du's run, many benevolent people participated, and Yang Du even planned to plan a prison robbery with railway workers.
Li Dazhao resolutely opposed: "My personal sacrifice for the revolution for the party is glorious and deserved, but it is also a loss of the party. I can no longer ask my comrades to take risks, but to preserve my strength from further loss to the revolution. ”
On April 28, Li Dazhao was brutally murdered by Zhang Zuolin.
Yang Du was very sad, and after consulting with his wife Xu Canglin, he
He sold valuable jewelry in his beijing home, sold his property in Qingdao, and used all the money to help the families of the victims.
The blood of his best friend made him thoroughly see the reactionary nature of the Beiyang warlords, and at the same time, the spirit of the communists who regarded death as a homecoming also awakened Yang Du's sincere heart to save the country and save the people, and contributed to the most important life transformation in his later years.
Li Dazhao
4
At the beginning of 1928, Yang Du left Beijing to shanghai and made a living by selling calligraphy and paintings.
Because his talent is really big, many people have come to him and asked for his ink treasure at a high price.
He also
He was favored by Du Yuesheng
Du Yuesheng has great respect for Yang Du,
A house in the French Concession was specially allocated to Yang Du to live.
Du Yuesheng
All the money Yang Du earned, in addition to the daily expenses of his family, was donated to the "Great League of the Chinese Freedom Movement" and the "Chinese Revolutionary Mutual Masonic Association".
In order to fight for freedom of speech and oppose the dictatorship of the National Government, Lu Xun, Yu Dafu, Xia Yan and others established the "Grand Alliance of Freedom".
In order to rescue arrested revolutionaries or to relieve their relatives, Guo Moruo and others established the "Chinese Revolutionary Mutual Relief Association", which also established the famous Datong Kindergarten, which was specially used to raise the orphans of martyrs and the children of revolutionaries
Mao Anying, Mao Anying, Mao Anhong
The three brothers were raised by the kindergarten (see annex).
Yang Du's various righteous deeds were favored by the underground party organizations.
In the spring of 1929, Chen Geng secretly brought Yang Du to his home, hoping that Yang Du would use his position and influence to provide some useful information to the Communist Party.
Yang Du was very willing to do it.
He took advantage of his relationship with Du Yuesheng to extensively hand over people from all walks of life in Shanghai and gathered many intelligence from the top level of the Kuomintang.
In the autumn of 1929, Yang Du joined the Communist Party of China and was under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai. It was at the time when white terror was rampant, he
He sent his mother back to Changsha and was ready to die for the revolution at any time
。
Due to his secret work, Yang Du's identity is not made public, only
A few people
know. At first, Yang Du's online line was Pan Hannian, and later became Xia Yan.
Yang Du's family already knew he was doing things for the Communist Party. The underground work situation is tense, Yang Du sometimes let his daughter Yang Yunbi help him cover up, and the fashionable daughter carries a box to pass documents to her father.
Yang Du's role doesn't stop there.
Because he was Du Yuesheng's guest of honor, the house where he lived was also Du Yuesheng's property, and the Kuomintang agents did not dare to search easily, so Yang Du seized this advantage.
Turned his residence into an emergency refuge for communists.
In the summer of 1931, due to
Gu Shunzhang rebelled
The Shanghai underground organization was severely damaged, and the identity of Tung Chee-woo (see annex), a member of the special branch, was exposed, and in order to avoid arrest, he lived in Yang Du's house for dozens of days, and did not move out until the wind and noise passed.
On September 17, 1931, Yang Du died in Shanghai due to illness. On his deathbed, he wrote a note for himself to show his life course full of merit and reputation:
The Emperor Dao is true, and now it has become a thing of the past;
Kuangmin saved the country and succeeded them with their own descendants.
In order to save the country and save the people, Yang Du has taken a lot of bumpy roads and has been ridiculed and ridiculed.
In his later years, he changed his mistakes, destroyed his family to alleviate difficulties, and was not afraid of risks, and finally found the truth.
After Yang Du's death, it is said that Zhou Enlai sent underground party members to secretly go to the funeral.
Yang Du did not want his children to get involved in political rights, and he encouraged them to take the road of industry to save the country.
As mentioned earlier, the eldest son Yang Gongshu was sent to Germany by him to study chemical engineering.
Yang Du and two sons
Marx's philosophy holds that:
The development of human cognition and things is tortuous and spiraling.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, old China suffered
The great changes and great shocks that have not occurred in a thousand years.
Counting the thousand years of China's history,
There is no experience to follow, no model to follow.
Therefore, Chinese, who had the intention of saving the life, began to explore various ways to save the life.
They were a group of people crossing the river by feeling the stones in the dark.
And the valuable thing about Yang Du is that he is a person who really has the heart to save the life, he dares to try the road to the salvation of a strong country, from constitutional monarchy to republicanism to communism, he groped all the way, stumbled, and finally chose the right direction, and poured his life into it.