Zhou Enlai, who was suffering from illness in December 1975, was already exhausted. Even if you know that you have a deadline for life, as long as you are sober-minded, you still have to do your best to deal with a lot of work. One day, Premier Zhou Enlai, who was in a hospital bed, learned that China's "Ci Hai" was being revised and prepared for publication, and he seemed to remember something, so he called the secretary.
The secretary came to his bedside, and he solemnly asked the secretary to relay to Wang Zhiqiu, then director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage: "Please tell the editorial department of Shanghai Cihai that if there is a 'Yang Du' word on Cihai, write about his final joining the Communist Party." Wang Zhiqiu was surprised to receive the premier's message, and this matter was not trivial. Who is Yang Du? That was the first strange man of the Republic of China, a supporter of Yuan Shikai's imperial system and a friend of Du Yuesheng, how could he be the Communist Party?
Wang Zhiqiu relayed to the editorial office of Cihai in Shanghai, and asked many old comrades who were still alive, and no one had heard of Yang Du joining the Communist Party of China. But Premier Zhou made it clear: "When Yuan Shikai was proclaimed emperor, Yang Du, the first of the 'Six Gentlemen of the Preparatory Society', finally joined the Communist Party, and I introduced and directly led him. "The prime minister would not have been so irresponsible without a fait accompli.
It is not that Wang Zhiqiu does not trust the premier, but Yang Du's life is really outrageous, his outrageous is every change of regime in modern times, he can pull a side, or how can he be called the first strange man. Yang Du's special status also attracted the great attention of the editorial department of Shanghai Cihai, and through the recollections of Xia Yan, who was once the propaganda minister of Shanghai Municipality, it was confirmed that Yang Du had indeed joined the Communist Party.
According to Xia Yan's recollection, he met an old man in Shanghai through Pan Hannian and called this old man his comrade. Because the nature of the work is relatively special, the old man only has a one-line contact with Pan Hannian. It wasn't until the old man died later that Xia Yan knew that this old man was Yang Du. 他从入党到去世都是受周恩来和潘汉年的领导，外界很少有人知道。
So what kind of person is Yang Du? Why is it said that he is the first strange man of the Republic of China? What is his relationship with many of the leaders? Was his motive for joining the party pure? Why did Zhou Enlai have to prove his identity when he died?
Modern people pay attention to a pattern, if a person's pattern is very large, his thinking about the problems and the way of dealing with the world is different. If you're with top officials, you must think more about politics than others; if you're with financial gurus, your financial skills are superior. Ma Yun and others once established a member organization, and those who can join his association must be masters of the enterprise.
Yang Du
Yang Du, known as the first strange man of the Republic of China, his circle of friends is a political master, whether in the History of the Qing Dynasty, the Beiyang Government, the Republic of China Government, the Communist Party, including the underworld bosses have his friends, and they are all leaders. Among them were Liang Qichao, Huang Xing, Yuan Shikai, Sun Yat-sen, Cai Yi, Du Yuesheng, Li Dazhao, and Zhou Enlai. His pattern was very high, so high that he was often considered to be a speculator, and he was such a person, but in the end he was valued by Zhou Enlai.
Modern people don't know much about Yang Du, but one of his sayings is very popular in modern times, that is: "If the Chinese nation dies, unless the Hunan people die." "One look at this poem shows that Yang Du is a Native of Hunan, and it is true that Yang Du was born in 1875 in Xiangtan, Hunan, a fellow of Mao Zedong. When Yang Du was 10 years old, his father died, and he was fostered in the house of his uncle Yang Ruisheng. Yang Du's grandfather served as an official in the imperial court, and later died in battle with the Taiping Army, but his uncle had the privilege of escaping and was appointed by the Qing court as a general soldier.
Yang Du entered his uncle's house when Yang Ruisheng was a general soldier, fortunately, this Yang Ruisheng was good to this nephew. In addition, Yang Du has been brilliant since childhood, and he is very pleasing to his uncle, who also tries his best to create a good living and learning environment for him. Yang Du was very competitive, and at the age of 17, he was admitted to Xiucai, and in the second year, he took the Shuntianfu Township Examination. For the next two years, he failed the exam repeatedly.
In 1895, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao led thousands of people in Beijing to jointly write a book, which was a sensational event that was a big event for Chinese readers- the book on the bus. Among the many people who jointly named, Yang Du is one of them. It was through this activity that Yang Du got to know Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Xu Shichang and others. In the contact with these people, Yang Du's thinking changed.
Liang Qichao
The 21-year-old Yang Du returned to Hunan, and when his life was wandering, a man named Wang Minyun came to visit. This Wang Minyun is not an ordinary person, and Wang Minyun is also a generation of famous Confucians, who are quite accomplished in classics, historiography and literature. He was once an aide to Zeng Guofan, and he had a group of well-known apprentices under his command, including Qi Baishi. The key is that this Wang Minyun knows the "Imperial Technique".
Wang Minyun already knew about Yang Du's talent, and he wanted to accept Yang Du as a student. Yang Du also has a reverence for Wang Min, of course, he can't ask for it. In this way, Yang Du became a student of Wang Minyun. It can be said that Wang Minyun had a great influence on Yang Du's life, especially the "imperial technique" he taught Yang Du, which benefited Yang Du a lot. And in his later years, he played a role in seeing people and recognizing people, even so, he still often looked away.
After a few years, Yang Du felt that he could not learn much from Wang Minyun, so he insisted on going his own way, and in 1902, he studied in Japan at his own expense and entered the teacher training crash course of the Hongwen Academy in Tokyo. That is, when he studied abroad this time, he had one more classmate named Huang Xing. Together, they often discuss the future of China. After half a year of studying abroad, Yang Du's horizons were broadened a lot, and when he returned to his hometown again, his "ambition" in politics began to stir.
On the recommendation of his teacher Wang Minyun, he met Zhang Zhidong, a heavyweight at the time. At that time, Zhang Zhidong was the governor of Huguang, and he admired Yang Du's talent and learning, so he recommended him to apply for the newly opened economic special science entrance examination in the Qing court at that time. Yang Du lived up to expectations and took the second place in one fell swoop. Seeing that his political aspirations are about to come true, there are unexpected storms in the sky. Liang Shiyi, who was admitted to the first place, was a Cantonese, and Cixi was very disgusted, and because his name was "Liang tou Kangwei", he had a grudge and stripped him of his first name.
Huang xing
It is reasonable to say that the first place was banned, and the second place naturally became the first, but the result disappointed Yang Du greatly. Because he was from Hunan, some people secretly reported that he had attacked the imperial court in Japan, and it was likely that he was a fellow party member of Tang Caichang, the "self-reliant army" who had rebelled before. As a result, Yang Du's second place was also removed, and he was also wanted. Yang Du sighed helplessly. I had to study in Japan again and avoid being wanted.
However, people can't always be in the back of luck, through this college entrance examination, coupled with the court's wanted, really let Yang Du's fame skyrocket. Yang Du's second study in Japan allowed Yang Du to dig up the "first bucket of gold" of fame. Soon after arriving in Japan, Yang Du and Liang Qichao actually met in Yokohama, and the two talked about state affairs, sighing endlessly, and had a feeling of pity and pity. Subsequently, after reading Liang Qichao's "Young China Says" with feeling, Yang Du composed a "Hunan Youth Song", which was published in full by Liang Qichao's "Xinmin Cong Bao" and caused a sensation.
That is, in this article, Yang Du's classic sentence: "If the Chinese kingdom of The Tao is dead, unless the People of Hunan are dead." "Become a good sentence for generations. His talent did not stop here, followed by another of his poems, "Yellow River", composed by Shen Xingong, which was also a song that must be sung by all schools in the late Qing Dynasty at that time: The Yellow River, the Yellow River, from the Kunlun Mountains, from Mongolia, flows into the Great Wall Pass. Ancient sages, born in this river trunk, independent embankment, the mind is open. Outside the Great Wall, on the edge of the loop, the yellow sand and white grass are uninhabited. Si De 100,000 soldiers, long drive to the northwest, drink wuliang sea, cema Ula mountain, vow not to defeat and never return. The king blows and watches me triumph.
Liang Qichao once and Yang Du were "national soldiers", and the relationship between the two was closer. In 1904, Yang Du transferred to the Accelerated Section of Hosei University in Japan, and two more classmates, one named Wang Jingwei and the other named Hu Hanmin. This is nothing, and after that, Yang Du got acquainted with Cai Yi and Sun Yat-sen. After knowing these people, Yang Du's network of contacts has become wider and wider, laying the foundation for his future path.
Sun Yat-sen
In Tokyo, Yang Du and Sun Yat-sen had many discussions and debates on the question of the Chinese revolution. Yang Du did not agree with Sun Yat-sen's view of "violent revolution", and Sun Yat-sen did not approve of Yang Du's "constitutional monarchy", so the two argued endlessly, and in the end neither could convince the other. But Yang Du still respected Sun Yat-sen, and he introduced his classmate Huang Xing to his classmate Huang Xing in the Teachers' Crash Course at The Hongwen Academy in Tokyo.
After Yang Du and Sun Yat-sen argued fruitlessly, he promised Sun Yat-sen: "My lord constitutional monarchy, I am done, I wish Mr. Help me; Mr. Yang Du called for a national revolution, Mr. Du said, du should abandon his ideas, in order to help Mr. Sun." Strive for state affairs, Si in today, do not hinder each other. ”
Yang Du was full of talent and enthusiasm for state affairs. In 1905, Yang Du, as a representative of students studying in Japan, returned to China to meet Zhang Zhidong in order to maintain the Guangdong-Han Railway, and put forward the idea of "official gentry raising funds to run it themselves", helping the Qing government to recover the Guangdong-Han Railway. Through this incident, Yang Du gained prestige among international students and paved the way for his subsequent political career.
In 1906, the Qing government sent five ministers sent out to Europe, the United States, and Japan to investigate "constitutionalism" to return to China, and they needed to submit inspection reports to the imperial court, but the five ministers could not write it. In order to deal with the imperial court, he sent people to find Yang Du and Liang Qichao to help, in today's words, to find a "gunman". Just by virtue of the talents of Yang Du and Liang Qichao, it is natural to write such a report. But the content of the report eventually became the basic policy of the imperial court: to prepare a constitution.
Zhang Zhidong
As a result, Yang Du has become a representative of international students who advocate "constitutional monarchy". Soon Hunan established a constitutional trade union, with Yang Du as its president. By 1908, Yang Du had an important moment in his life. That is, entering Beijing as a constitutional editor, Cha Ti, is quite an alternate Sipin official. From then on, he could go in and out of the Summer Palace and explain the "constitutional monarchy" system to the royal family.
By May 1911, the Qing court introduced the first "cabinet" in Chinese history with modern significance, and the 36-year-old Yang Du became the director of the cabinet's statistical bureau and became the core of the imperial court. Seemingly a very decent position, the actual imperial court is to make a model, Yang Du and other 6 people to form a "cabinet", more often than not, is a decoration.
Yang Du became an official of the imperial court, and before the position was hot, the Xinhai Revolution broke out. Although Yang Du advocated a "constitutional monarchy", he also felt from the system of the imperial court that his proposition did not work at all in the Qing court. As for the crumbling of the Qing Dynasty, he did not pay attention to it, but he seemed very calm. Besides, he learned the "imperial art" from his teacher, and he was not optimistic about the Xuantong Emperor who had not dried up.
In Yang Du's eyes, who is the "Emperor Phase"? Among his many courtiers, he favored one, and that was Yuan Shikai. Yang Du and Yuan Shikai were both imperial court officials, and naturally they were also very familiar with them. Yang Du was able to enter the Summer Palace to teach the imperial relatives and nobles, which was also recommended by Yuan Shikai, and Yang Du was very grateful to Yuan Shikai for his kindness. Guangxu and Cixi returned to the west one after another, and Yuan Shikai could not eat at the imperial court, was ostracized, and finally driven back to his hometown to recuperate.
Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai was discouraged, and left Beijing in a gray and slippery manner, and yang Du was the only one who rushed to the station to send him off. Not only that, Yang Du also visited Yuan Shikai's home. Yang Du put the bet on Yuan Shikai, and soon he resigned and made Yuan Shikai an aide. In order to suppress the Wuchang uprising, the imperial court reactivated Yuan Shikai. At this time, Yuan Shikai had his own staff and the capital to bargain with the imperial court, so Yuan Shikai's Beiyang army was to stop and stop, and the imperial court wanted chips.
When Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary army and Yuan Shikai's Beiyang Army confronted each other from north to south, because Yang Du and Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, and Wang Jingwei were all friends, he became one of the representatives sent by Yuan Shikai at that time to carry out "north-south mediation." The final result of the "north-south mediation" was Sun Yat-sen's concessions, and Yuan Shikai finally became the president of the Republic of China.
At this time, Yang Du can be said to have achieved fame, and his "imperial technique" did not have white learning. After that, he threw out the "Theory of Saving the Country by the Constitution of the Monarchy", strongly advocated the restoration of the imperial system, and organized people who had consensus with him to play the name of "Six Gentlemen of The Security" to prepare for Yuan Shikai's restoration of the imperial system. Yuan Shikai was naturally not happy to think about Shu, and also wrote a plaque for Yang Du: "KuangDai Yicai".
At this time, Yang Du's friends Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and others were forced into exile overseas due to the failure of the "Second Revolution". Under the connivance of Yang Du and others, Yuan Shikai finally could not sit still, and his dream of becoming emperor became stronger and stronger. Yuan Shikai, who could not withstand the temptation, finally stepped onto the emperor's throne.
Cai Yi
Yang Du's good friend Cai Yi raised the banner of "Defending the Nation Army" and began to overthrow Yuan. Former friends, but turned against each other. However, Cai Yi still showed great tolerance for Yang Du, and on his deathbed, he also excused Yang Du: "I hope that the government will cherish the talent for the country and invite the ceremony." Yang Du's actions have caused more dissatisfaction, and his former friend Liang Qichao has revealed that Yang Du is a "shameless and creepy bitch."
In the midst of people's scolding, Yuan Shikai cried out for his life. The unlucky Yang Du, his bitter heart, but in exchange for Yuan Shikai's last words before his death: "Yang Du misled me!" ”。 Yang Du's teacher Wang Minyun also said: "Disciple Yang Du, the book idiot claims not to be stupid, and he is scolded in vain. This means that Yang Du did not fish for any benefits, and was scolded by the people of the whole country in vain. Most importantly, Yang Du's old friends also left him.
Yang Du, who was discredited, was wanted by the newly appointed President of the Republic of China, Li Yuanhong, and Yang Du had no choice but to live in Qingdao. At this time, Yang Du seemed to see through everything, began to study Buddhism, and named himself "Tiger Zen Master", and he began to rethink life and reflect on the past. In 1917, Zhang Xun led an army with braids to carry out restoration in Beijing. Zhang Xun and Kang Youwei personally went to invite Yang Du out of the mountain, but Yang Du politely refused. After several years of hard thinking, he still couldn't quietly escape into the empty door. His ideas changed from constitutional to republican, and he wanted to fulfill his promises.
After his initial dispute with Sun Yat-sen, he promised to help Sun Yat-sen in failure. With his talent and connections, he helped Sun Yat-sen through one difficulty after another. When Chen Jiongming turned against Sun Yat-sen, he disregarded the danger, assumed the responsibility of Sun Yat-sen's envoy, wandered among the warlords such as Cao Kun, Wu Peifu, and Zhang Zongchang, and relied on his three inches of uncorrupted tongue to save the unfavorable situation for Sun Yat-sen.
Chen Jiongming
Sun Yat-sen was very emotional and once said: "Yang Du is a man who can fulfill the promises of a politician." This "promise" refers to the vow that Yang Du made to him in Tokyo: If I fail, I will help you. In 1922, Yang Du officially joined the Chinese Nationalist Party in Shanghai. To this end, Sun Yat-sen said that Yang Du "returned this time, Zhi Jian Jinshi, fortunately do not see doubts in the past." But before Yang Du could exert his talents, Sun Yat-sen died.
After Sun Yat-sen's death, Yang Du felt confused. He defected to Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang, but he was bored by the infighting among the various factions within the Kuomintang. At the crossroads of his life, he became acquainted with Li Dazhao, one of the founders of the Communist Party. As early as the May Fourth Movement, Yang Du was deeply impressed by Li Dazhao's articles, and Li Dazhao also respected this former Qing dynasty talent.
In 1928, at the age of 53, Yang Du met Li Dazhao for the first time in Shanghai. After some conversation, Yang Du was touched by Li Dazhao's thoughts. He deeply remembered a sentence by Li Dazhao: "The thicker the fog on the sea, the more you need the guidance of the lighthouse." When you see the light, you will not get lost. After that, Yang Du and Li Dazhao had frequent exchanges, and Yang Du also had a deep understanding of the beliefs of the Communist Party, and he felt that he had finally found the direction of the light.
Under the influence of Li Dazhao, he began to work for the Communists. For the sake of his own survival and the needs of the party organization, he went to Du Yuesheng's house to be a doorman. With his influence, he became acquainted with many people of the three religions and nine streams, and provided various effective intelligence for the underground organization of the Communist Party. One day he got the news that Zhang Zuolin was going to arrest Li Dazhao, and Yang Du told Li Dazhao the news. However, Li Dazhao did not believe that Zhang Zuolin really dared to rush into the Russian embassy to arrest people, and in the end did not transfer.
Li Dazhao
Tragedy struck, and Li Dazhao was arrested. In order to rescue Li Dazhao, Yang Du sold his old mansion in Beijing to rescue Li Dazhao, and even he thought of robbing the prison. A scholar entrusted him to find acquaintances and lobbied everywhere to release Li Dazhao. But all his efforts were in vain, and Li Dazhao was still killed by Zhang Zuolin.
Li Dazhao's sacrifice was a blow to Yang Du, and in addition to his grief, he made another decision: sell his house in Qingdao and help Li Dazhao's family and the families of other victims, but he himself made a living by selling words. In his life, he met many high-level figures and made him famous in the world. In old age, after he met Li Dazhao, his life trajectory changed again.
In 1929, when the Chinese revolution was at a low ebb, Shanghai was filled with terror. Yang Du joined the Communist Party of China under the introduction of Zhou Enlai, and he inherited the cause accomplished by Sun Yat-sen, Cai Yi, li Dazhao, and so on. He knew the dangers of his work, and he sent his mother to the countryside of Changsha and his wife to Suzhou, confessing that he was ready to sacrifice.
Du Yuesheng
Yang Du once said to the Communists who were in contact with him: "Others say that I have been speculating all my life, and this time I am an opportunity to kill the head and an opportunity to exterminate the clan." Therefore, he also made his own choice from the heart. He contacted and cast under Du Yuesheng's command, and many people did not understand, some thought that he was speculative, and some thought that he was forced by life. But he knew in his own heart that he was a man who did underground work. Yang Du provided intelligence to the underground party as Du Yuesheng's disciple; used Du Yuesheng's position of power to cover and rescue communists in prison.
Du Yuesheng is a person who cherishes talents extremely, he has great respect for Yang Du, and is known as a brother with Yang Du. Du Yuesheng did not hesitate to use heavy money to buy a house for Yang Du in Shanghai, and Yang Du's daily expenses were also given by Du Yuesheng. At that time, Du Yuesheng was in the middle of the day, becoming the overlord of Shanghai Beach, and he wanted to build the "Du Family Ancestral Hall", and the burden of this work was on Yang Du's body. The ancestral hall was built, and Yang Du also specially wrote the "Ode to the Completion of the Du Family Ancestral Hall" for it.
The inauguration ceremony of the Du Family Ancestral Hall was very successful, but Yang Du, who was originally in poor health, fell ill and died in the Shanghai Concession two months later. Before his death, he had written a pair of elegies for himself: Emperor Dao Zhenru, now it has become a thing of the past. Kuangmin saved the country and succeeded them with their own descendants.
Pan Hannian
After liberation, Pan Han, who had been in a single line with Yang Du, died after a year of death, and Yang Du's identity became a mystery. If premier Zhou Enlai had not revealed the mystery of Yang Du's identity at the time of his death, this history would have been forgotten, and future generations would have thought that Yang Du was just a speculator who would "imperial skills".
Yang Du's life can be described as a big ups and downs, ups and downs. There was no shortage of leaders in his circle of friends, but he took a path of not hitting the south wall and not turning back. When he returned to Sun Yat-sen as a gentleman, he entered the strange circle of the Kuomintang. He never imagined that in his old age he would find a beacon to guide the way. Just when he was ready to set sail again, the oil lamp ran out and it was difficult to return to the sky.
Fortunately, the Prime Minister of the Republic has not forgotten him, nor has the country forgotten him. Wang Yeqiu, Xia Yan, Li Yihao, and others followed Zhou Enlai's instructions before his death and made public his life, and future generations will remember that this first strange man of the Republic of China was also a Communist Party member and made his own contributions to the revolutionary cause.