The long river of history is running endlessly, there are calm waves, there are also waves, let Xiaobian take you into history and understand history.
Due to the great construction of civil engineering and the expedition of the labor division, the king finally suffered the consequences of his own evil. After being defeated by King Wu of Zhou at the Battle of Makino, in 1046 BC, Lutai, the king of Lutai, set himself on fire and died, ending the 600-year history of the Shang Dynasty! We might as well realistically analyze what mistakes the King of Qiu made that led to the demise of his empire?
First: The King himself was too self-absorbed
The "History of Yin Benji" says that he was "a man of great ability, a man of great ability, and a fierce beast", and was naturally a great husband with courage and strategy, and was both literate and martial. Moreover, he was the youngest son of Emperor Yi and the concubine who inherited the throne, and his status was noble, and such a position cultivated his self-absorbed, proud and arrogant character. As a result, he insisted on doing everything and did not listen to the advice of others, which was a large part of the reason for his eventual demise.
Second, the king did not handle the relationship with his relatives well
Because the relationship between the king and his relatives was not good and did not trust them, the king of the king of the dragon finally preferred to reuse some slaves, so that the slaves were high-ranking officials rather than reuse their own relatives, and in the later period, they killed Bigan and imprisoned Jizi because of different political views, but they were open to their own brothers, and the paradox was that his rarely trusted brother ate inside and outside, betrayed Di Xin, and finally united with the Zhou people to destroy his own country.
The third king did not handle the relationship with the princes well
King Huan had a great appetite, he was not satisfied with the territory under his command, he also coveted the territory and slaves of some princely states, and had conflicts with the princes of jiuhou, Ehou, Xi Bochang, etc., causing the princes to hate him one by one, and therefore, one of the crimes of King Wu was "to attract slaves from all directions".
Fourth, and most importantly, there are too many foreign enemies
During the Shang Dynasty, the two most important enemies of the state were the "Zhou people of Xiqi" and "Dongyi". Especially Zhou Ren, it is "two of the three worlds". As a result, in a great battle with King Wen in Licheng, Shanxi, King Wen was defeated (later generations speculated that King Wen's capture and imprisonment in Qiangli was likely to have occurred in this war), rather than the history books recorded that King Wen was summoned by King Huan to Be summoned to Chaoge and imprisoned. Later, Lü Shang and Shan Yisheng asked for the world's beauties and curiosities, dedicated them to King Huan, and redeemed King Wen.
After continuous suppression, the Zhou people have been honest a lot, but the Dongyi people have continued to resist (it is said that Jiang Ziya is rebelling against Dongyi), so the King of Shangyi decided to destroy Dongyi with all his strength in order to completely solve this threat once and for all. With an absolute superiority in troops (the Zhou people's soldiers were all bronze armor and bronze armor, and even had war elephant troops, which could be said to be armed to the teeth), the merchants went everywhere like a big wave of sand, resulting in Dongyi looking invincible.
Although the merchants won a great victory, this protracted war dragged down the Shang Dynasty, so the "Zuo Zhuan" commented: "Shu Ke Dong yi and damaged his body." At this time, the brother of king Huan decided to rebel in the line of fire. The state secret that the expedition of the King of Zhou, the main force was outside, and the domestic troops were empty, was told to the King of Zhou Wu, so the King of Zhou Wu felt that the time was ripe, so he decided to send an army to attack the Shang Dynasty. In 1046 BC, "eight hundred princes will meet Mengjin", King Wu of Zhou gathered 300 che, 3,000 tigers, 45,000 jiashi, in front of the 800 princes to count the crimes of the king of Shang, a large-scale surprise attack on Shang. The Book of Verses records: "Makino Yangyang, Shi Wei Ying Yang." King Liang Pi Wu, wanton merchant, meeting Qingming".
Fifth, the strategic mistake was not judged by the hour and the situation, and the Zhou Dynasty was mistakenly trusted
The King of Sui attacked Dongyi with all his might, mistakenly believing that the Zhou people would completely submit to the Shang Dynasty. Due to the fact that the main force was outside and the national strength was empty, the king had no choice but to temporarily organize 500,000 slaves (170,000), issue them weapons, and let them stop the Zhou people from attacking in the Makino area. The temporarily recruited slaves did not have such good consciousness and combat effectiveness (after all, they were not gladiators in ancient Rome), and faced the menacing and amazingly effective Zhou people.
So far, there are two theories, one is that the slaves collectively defected and helped the Zhou people to attack the Shang, and the other is more in line with the current situation at that time, that is, the slaves fought to the death to resist the Zhou people, but the slaves were not professional soldiers after all, and the "blood drifting pestle" that was killed suffered a fiasco, and the remaining slaves saw that the signs were not right, and they retreated one after another, but instead rushed down the elite division of the Shangyi who was pressing the front behind them (that is, the scene where the slaves collectively defected and attacked the army of the King of Shang). For a time, the army was defeated like a mountain, and after the victory of the Makino decisive battle, the Wu Wang soldiers took the Song without bloodshed. As soon as king Huan saw that his general situation had gone, the very dignified Lutai set himself on fire and died, and the Shang Dynasty collapsed.
After King Wu of Zhou rushed to Lutai, he very cruelly stabbed Di Xin's body with "Light Lu" and personally beheaded him and hung a flag to show the public. More than a hundred other ministers and nobles of the Shang Dynasty were captured. They will be brought back to Zhou Jing and killed as ancestors of the King of Wu. After the fall of the Shang Dynasty, the remaining main force of the Shang Dynasty, which had not yet returned, was leaderless for a time and became a partial division. The combined forces from Rong Di carried out a long period of slaughter and plunder to completely destroy the Shang Dynasty (it can be seen that the King of Lu was not as unpopular as recorded in the history books, otherwise there would not have been so many people who would fight for him after his death).
In 1046 BC, after the fall of the Shang Dynasty, a new dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty, was established. The establishment of the Zhou Dynasty is definitely not a simple "hanging people to cut down crimes", let alone "there is a way to cut down no way", but after the King of Lu made a series of mistakes, after a careful calculation, an organized and premeditated rebellion can also be said to be a "successful version of the Interpretation of the Anshi Rebellion". So Han Feizi said, "Shun forced Yao, Yu forced Shun, Tang Fangjie, and King Wu cut down." These four kings, the one who subjects to his king, also. ”
Well, today's sharing ends here, and we'll see you next time