Longyun in the Republic of China period was a well-known name in Yunnan. During the eighteen years that the Leader of the Dian Army was in charge of Yunnan, the local political situation was unprecedentedly stable, and the policy of opening up in neighboring Southeast Asia was also remarkable. In Chairman Jiang's place, this "King of Yunnan" also has some face.
On the eve of the liberation of New China, Long Yunyuan planned his own army uprising in Hong Kong, served as a high-ranking official in New China, and was buried in Babaoshan after his death.
Why was such a "big man" killed by the People's Liberation Army? What was the reason for the execution of his son? As a father, how did Long Yun react at that time?
Fight out the "King of Yunnan"
Long Yun was born in 1884 to a family of Yi landlords in Yunnan. His formative years coincided with the transition from the turbulent late Qing Dynasty to the ever-turbulent Republic of China.
During this period, major events such as the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War, the invasion of China by the Eight-Power Alliance, and the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution broke out.
The Yunnan region, far to the southwest, was also deeply affected by the turmoil in the DPRK.
In the chaotic era of the Republic of China, where warlords were divided and warlords were fighting, Long Yun, like many promising young people, hoped to fight for his own piece of the world in the shadow of the sword and light.
At the age of 26, Long Yun was already a young officer in the Dian Army. Together with his cousin Lu Han, he entered the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall, and a few years later joined the "King of Yunnan" Tang Jiyao," and accompanied Tang in the War of Protection against the Beiyang Warlords.
Soon after, Long Yun and others jointly launched a mutiny to drive out Tang Jiyao, thus establishing their position as a unified political situation in Yunnan.
"FOUR. After the "One or Two Incidents", Long Yun received the attention of Chiang Kai-shek and was appointed as the commander of the 38th Army of the Nationalist Army and the commander-in-chief of the 13th Route Army.
Since then, Yunnan has officially changed its name to the National Government.
In the eight years of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Dian Army achieved half of its merits
In the 37-year history of the Republic of China, as one of the few and relatively independent local warlords, the Dian Army has always been a force that cannot be underestimated by all parties. Since Cai Yi founded the army, the influence of the Dian army throughout the Republic of China has always been in the forefront.
At its peak, the Dian army once expanded its influence to Sichuan, Gui, Guizhou and other places; the political, military, and economic forces of the three generations of "Yunnan kings" covered these areas.
Whether it was the warlord melee that excluded dissidents and seized territory, or during the flesh-and-blood War of Resistance, the Dian Army, which lived up to the name of a strong army, always stood on the front line of the War of Resistance.
Since Yunnan bordered French Indochina, the 60th Army wore French steel helmets, and most of its weapons and equipment came from France.
What needs special explanation is that in the Yunnan Army that Long Yun began to build, the most capable people at the level of squad and platoon commander are mostly veterans who are good at actual combat; even officers at or above the level are mostly from the Yunnan Army's Martial Arts Hall, and they have been fighting for many years and are good at leading troops.
In terms of overall combat quality, Long Yun's Dian Army was once known as the "Crown of the National Army".
On the eve of the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in 1937, Yunnan entered the Longyun era of the third "King of Yunnan".
In the face of the large-scale invasion of the Japanese Kou, Long Yun, who knew the great righteousness, took the initiative to ask Miao to die to resist. Before the army was mobilized, the officers and men of the whole army vowed to fight to the death!
In fact, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Yunnan had an extremely special status. At that time, many ports on the southeast coast were blockaded by the Japanese. In order to cut off foreign aid from the Chinese theater, the Japanese army copied China's back road and invaded the Burmese region.
In order to open up the passage for foreign aid, Longyun quickly recruited 200,000 migrant workers and mobilized the strength of the whole people to build roads.
This yunnan burma highway, which took only half a year to build, has become the only international strategic artery for the Allies to continuously deliver "blood" to the Chinese theater.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Long yun's 60th Army rushed to the front line from Yunnan. Overcoming the dangers of mountains and rivers on foot, the main force of the Dian army passed through the provinces of Yun, Gui, Hunan and Gansu to participate in the Battle of Songhu.
Due to the excessive time consumed by the march on foot, when the 60th Army arrived in Hunan, it heard that the battle was over and immediately moved to Wuhan. The troops entering the city were welcomed by the people in the city, and their military appearance was praised by Chinese and foreign people. German military advisers praised the army as "the best unit of the Nationalists today." ”
The Battle of Xuzhou in early 1938 was the first large-scale defensive campaign during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. The 60th Army, which had entered the war, suffered an unprecedented and tragic Battle of Taierzhuang.
With the help of a three-dimensional offensive of aircraft, artillery and tanks, the Japanese launched an attack on the positions held by the 60th Army. Brigadier Wang Bingzhang of the 183rd Division personally led the reserve team to engage the Japanese in hand-to-hand combat and completely annihilated the Japanese troops who attacked the position. The Japanese army's original plan to directly attack Xuzhou and annihilate hundreds of thousands of nationalist troops was thus shattered.
Of course, the 60th Army, which participated in the war, also paid a heavy price of nearly half of the casualties, and had to reduce the number of regiments from 12 regiments to 5 regiments after the war. A battalion of the 183rd Division, which fought bloody battles with the enemy, more than 500 people died heroically, and only one survived.
Even after paying a heavy price, the generals of the Dian Army still fought to the death, successfully blocked the attack of the Japanese Kou, and won an important fighter for the great victory of Taierzhuang. In the Battle of Xuzhou, nearly half of the 60th Army of more than 40,000 people suffered casualties, and as many as 500 officers were killed. Among the more than 30,000 soldiers who died in the Battle of Taierzhuang, the number of casualties of the Dian Army reached one-sixth.
Shortly after the end of the Battle of Xuzhou, the soldiers of the Dian Army, who were trapped and short of horses, participated in the defense of Wuhan. In the unprecedented scale of the defense of Wuhan, the Japanese army using poison gas caused huge casualties to the officers and men of the Dian Army.
After this battle, the 60th Army, together with the newly formed 58th Army and the newly formed 3rd Army, was formed into the Thirtieth Army, which was later changed to the First Army, with Long Yun concurrently serving as the commander-in-chief and deputy commander Lu Han as the actual commander.
The newly formed First Army successively participated in large-scale battles in Nanchang, Zhejiang, and Changsha, all of which performed well.
According to statistics, during the entire Period of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Yunnan sent a total of 400,000 soldiers to the domestic battlefield. The Dian Army participated in more than 20 large-scale battles, with more than 100,000 officers and men casualties.
At the end of the War of Resistance, the military was seized
Long Yun, who has been in charge of Yunnan for 18 years, is generally recognized by the people. He vigorously implemented various reform measures in Yunnan, including rectifying finance and taxation, consolidating finance, reducing taxes, building water conservancy projects, establishing industries, eliminating bandits, and establishing education, so as to promote the economic and cultural development of the local and border minority areas.
In the later period of Long Yun's reign, the CCP's underground organization was basically intact. During the successive anti-communist upsurges set off by the Nanjing government, Long Yun firmly held reservations and even opposed opinions. The Americans praised the Yunnan area under Long Yun as a "bastion of democracy" and once cultivated it as a defender of US interests.
What Long Yun thought and did was obviously far from Chiang Kai-shek. The interaction between the two gradually became inseparable. Long Yun gradually realized that Jiang's courtesy to him was by no means sincere, and he always had the intention of disintegrating the Dian army and annexing Yunnan. Moreover, during Long Yun's reign in Yunnan, he supported the local progressive movement several times, and finally touched Chiang Kai-shek's red line.
Disarming Long Yun and ending his semi-independent status as the "King of Yunnan" was Chiang Kai-shek's always wish. It was just that Long Yun had hundreds of thousands of troops in his hands, leaving Jiang unable to start for a while.
As soon as the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression ended, the surrender of the Japanese army and the reception after the war became an opportunity for Chiang Kai-shek to take Longyun. Chiang Kai-shek designed for Lu Han to lead the 60th Army of the Dian Army and the newly organized 93rd Army to Vietnam to accept the surrender of the Japanese army. After the two units left Yunnan, Long Yun was left with only a thin new formation division.
Seeing that the time was ripe, Jiang asked Du Yuming, who was on standby in Kunming, to lead the Central Army to launch a coup d'état and remove Long Yun's military power. In order to appease the local forces in Yunnan, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Lu Han as the chairman of Yunnan Province, which had no military power, leaving only 4 security regiments in his hands.
Marked by Long Yun's dismissal, Chiang Kai-shek, who had coveted Yunnan for many years, won a "brilliant victory." After all, as a province under the rule of the Nationalist government, Yunnan Province, which has maintained a semi-independent state for a long time, explicitly or implicitly, has long been Chiang Kai-shek's throat.
However, the Kunming incident itself also meant the beginning of the lifting of old contradictions and the brewing of a new crisis.
Chiang Kai-shek openly ripped open his face and "disarmed" Long Yun, which not only completely angered Long Yun, but also made the Dian army even more contrary to Chiang Kai-shek.
In view of the continuous uprisings of the Dian army, the 58th Army and the newly formed 3rd Army under Lu Han were successively annexed by Chen Cheng and Xue Yue. The remaining 60th and 93rd Armies of the Dian Dynasty were also sent by Chiang Kai-shek to the northeast thousands of miles away in an attempt to eliminate them with the help of the People's Liberation Army. To Chiang Kai-shek's surprise, the People's Liberation Army completely annihilated the 93rd Army in the Liaoshen Campaign, but the 60th Army declared an uprising in Changchun.
At this point, the elite Yunnan Army, which "crowned the whole country," completely withdrew from the stage of history.
The national army revolted, and Long Yunzhiwei
At the beginning of the Liberation War, many generals in the Nationalist army changed their banners one after another under the inspiration of justice. In the middle and late period of the Liberation War, in the face of the PLA's mercury-like offensive momentum, millions of Nationalist troops were even more defeated, and the climax of the uprising rose and fell.
During the Liberation War, there were ten uprisings of the Million Nationalist Army with the greatest impact, and the generals of the uprising included Gao Shuxun, Wu Huawen, Zeng Zesheng, Fu Zuoyi, lu Han, and so on. This had the greatest impact on the ten uprisings, two of which were related to Long Yun.
The first was Zeng Zesheng, commander of the 60th Army who rebelled in Changchun. It was originally the old part of Longyun. Its unit was reorganized into the 50th Army of the People's Liberation Army, with Zeng Zesheng as its commander. In 1950, Zeng Zesheng led his troops to participate in the war in Korea and made great achievements, and became the ace of the People's Liberation Army.
The second is Lu Han of the Yunnan Uprising. The mastermind behind this uprising is Long Yun in Hong Kong. Under the planning of Long Yun, Lu Han detained Li Mi and Shen Drun, the central army stationed in Kunming, and telegraphed an uprising that night, and Yunnan was peacefully liberated.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Long Yun successively served as a member of the Central Government, vice chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Commission, and vice chairman of the National Defense Commission.
The "Dragon Prince" became a ghost under the gun
Why was Long Yun's son killed by the People's Liberation Army? What was Long Yun's reaction at that time? That has to start at the beginning.
Born into a family of Yi landlords, Long Yun became a hegemon in the battle of swords, guns and fire, and his personal influence penetrated into almost all areas of Yunnan. Treating the cultivation of several sons, Long Yun also had no lack of mental strength.
The ancestors of the dragon's eldest son, Rope, and the second son, Rope, were sent to France to study, and the third son, Rope, once served in the army with his father. As for why the three sons of the Dragon family were not sent to study abroad, it was probably because Long Rope had been difficult to discipline since childhood, and second, because his disposition was very similar to his father.1
However, this third son of the sex-following father gradually drifted away from Long Yun's expectations. Dragon Rope once did not think about making progress since childhood, and Youxi was confused with the jianghu people. Long Yun, who was busy with military and political affairs, had no time to take care of the children, so he handed over this son to his only sibling sister, Long Dengfeng, and entrusted him with strict discipline.
Long Dengfeng has been intelligent since childhood, reading and riding and shooting, and his killing is decisive, and the locals call it Long Gutai.
Under the control of The Dragon Aunt, the Dragon Rope had converged a lot, but it was not long before the Dragon Aunt contracted the disease and died. Like a dragon rope that lifted the shackles, it has been even more wanton ever since. This dragon prince has always run amok in the countryside, and even relied on his father's prestige to meddle in military affairs and wantonly beat and scold officers. Long Yun was extremely angry about this, but he only locked up his son for a few days.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Long Yun was appointed commander-in-chief of the First Army of the Nationalist Army, and his 200,000 troops played a prestige in the anti-Japanese battlefield. Long Rope, who had nothing to do at home, became the deputy of the Major's regiment. However, the deputy major regimental deputy could not bear the hardships, and on the pretext that the troops could not smoke heavily, resulting in illness, he quietly sneaked back to Kunming.
In 1947, Chiang Kai-shek, in order to win over Long yun, let Long Rope enter the Army University in Nanjing for training. Entering the dragon rope of Lu Da, he fished for three days and dried nets for two days, and spent all day boiling "diplomas".
The third son of the "King of Yunnan" Long Yun has been in trouble all his life, and there have been many ugly things.
The biggest movement in his life was the "Central Park Shooting" that occurred during his training at the Army University.
The cause of the incident is not too complicated: the four major families, Miss Kong Jia'er, met Dragon Rope zeng and her party near Central Park. Long Rope once boasted that he was not afraid of heaven and was openly speaking softly to Miss Kong Er. Miss Kong Er, who was deeply favored by the first lady of the Republic of China, was also a "demon king of the mixed world", and the two people who pointed the needle at Mai Mang immediately drew their guns and shot at each other.
This matter is very big, and it is difficult to dissolve for a while. In view of miss Kong Er's strong background force, in the end, it was the "King of Yunnan" Long Yun who came to the door with a shy face to apologize.
After this incident, the dragon prince did not stop there, but instead intensified his efforts, so much so that he became an enemy of the people and committed suicide.
In early 1950, Lu Han revolted in Kunming, but the Dragon Rope, which had been reorganized by the People's Liberation Army, openly broke into Lu Han's apartment and raided his home to show his resolute anti-communism.
Our party and our army attach importance to the overall situation, and give persuasion and education to the dragon rope to urge them to change their minds.
However, Long Rope still secretly recruited secret agents, reactionary officers, etc., and privately formed a reactionary armed force of tens of thousands of people to oppose the People's Liberation Army and the people's government. In the "Weining Black Stone Incident," Long Shengzeng's reactionary forces ambushed the People's Liberation Army, causing the sacrifice of more than a hundred officers and men of our army.
After the incident, our army asked LongShengzeng's armed forces to be reorganized at designated locations, but Longsheng secretly accepted the commission of the Taiwan side and took the initiative to attack the Platon Army. In order to solve the problem once and for all, Chen Geng's troops went all out to encircle and suppress the rebels of Long Shengzeng and disarm them.
Killed Dragon Rope Zeng, and the rebellion was quelled ever since.
The news that the armed forces of the Dragon Rope had been suppressed immediately shook the whole of Yunnan, and was called a great pleasure by the local people, and the gossip was "eliminating harm for the people"!
A few weeks after the incident, the Yunnan Military Region reported the matter to the central authorities.
Mao Zedong understood the irritation of this incident to Long Yun and entrusted Zhu De and Zhou Enlai to go to his residence to comfort him.
In order to calm Long Yun's emotions, Chairman Mao thought twice,
Special Zhun Longyun returned to Yunnan to deal with it personally.
The chairman's meaning was very clear, and he meant to let Long Yun go back to investigate and study on his own, and see his son's bad deeds with his own eyes.
After rushing to Yunnan, Long Yun saw with his own eyes that Long Rope had a large number of anti-communist letters and letters of appointment issued by Chiang Kai-shek.
Outraged again, admitting that his son was rebellious!
Born in the old era, Long Yun was a feudal warlord, but he maintained a sense of integrity in the face of national righteousness. Although the beloved son has become a stain that cannot be washed away in his life, General Long Yun on the whole can be called a well-deserved national hero!
Zhou Enlai once commented on Long Yun, believing that he had three major merits:
The first is to contribute to the democratic revolution, the second is to oppose Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship, and the third is to resist Japan resolutely!
Because of this, General Long Yun became the only old warlord to be buried in Babaoshan, and was admired behind him
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