Question/Why did Cao Cao insist on killing Yang Xiu? A box of puff pastries? Chicken? It's far from what we think!
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The story of Cao Cao's killing of Yang Xiu I think everyone knows that Yang Xiu is a multi-talented teenager and a leader of Cao Wei's younger generation, and if it goes well, he will become the main strategist of Cao Wei's unification of the world in the future.
However, such a young talent was strangled by the chaos tyrant Cao Cao himself. Yang Xiu's talent Cao Cao knew. But even so, he still killed him. Is the reason really as the book says, Cao Cao is jealous of Cai, Yang Xiu is crazy?
Today I would like to analyze the unknown inside story of Cao Cao's killing of Yang Xiu.
First, Yang Xiu is not a simple strategist
Yang Xiu's family, the Hongnong Yang clan, is a family door valve. At that time, the Eastern Han Dynasty had two most famous giants, one was the Ru'nan Yuan clan of the fourth and third dukes, which everyone knew. The two brothers Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu were from the Yuan family in Runan. The other is the Hongnong Yang clan, that is, Yang Xiu's family.
Yang Chang, the ancestor of the Hongnong Yang clan, served as a chancellor during the Western Han Dynasty, and Yang Chang's grandson Yang Zhen was an official during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. From Yang Zhenqi to Yang Bing's descendant Yang Biao, he has been a lieutenant for eight consecutive generations, which can be described as prominent and famous all over the world.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the family's reputation came from Yang Biao, but his son Yang Xiu's fame was no less than his. At this time, Yang Xiu was completely the future leader of the Hongnong Yang Family.
Therefore, Cao Cao killed Yang Xiu and simply killed a strategist, but instead stifled the hope of the Yang family of Hongnong to continue to prosper. The purpose is also to suppress the warrior clan.
So why did Cao Cao suppress the Shi clan?
Two? The reason why Cao Cao suppressed the Shi clan
Before the establishment of the imperial examination system, most of the talents in the world came from the family giants. The family gate valve owns land, monopolizes the recommendation of officials, appoints and dismisses, and has both land and power and public opinion guidance. They are like bottom-up, like spreading cancer cells, gradually devouring the entire country and the imperial power.
They dominate the change of dynasties, influence the rise and fall of dynasties, and sit and watch the world rise and fall. Each family depends on its own financial, material and human resources to influence the general trend of the world. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial power declined, the family magnate controlled the court, in order to protect the interests of the family, the family gate valve took the opportunity to annex land and amass wealth. Provoked a peasant uprising, and the Eastern Han Dynasty came to an end.
Cao Cao suppressed the Shi clan mainly because Cao Cao recognized the harm of the Shi clan very early on, as early as the period of Dong Zhuo's rebellion, the Eighteen-Way Princes jointly rebelled against Dong Zhuo, and all the warlord families were considering their own interests and restraining each other in battle. Delay progress. This made Cao Cao understand the essence of the family gate valve: self-interest.
In the eyes of the Family Gate Valve, there is no big Han Jiangshan at all, and some are only their own interests. During the Battle of Guandu, many families secretly communicated with Yuan Shao behind their backs. During the Cao Wei regime, the Shijia Gate Valve resisted many of Cao Cao's policies, so the existence of the Shijia Gate Valve was a threat to Cao Cao's rule. The suppression of the family is also imperative.
In the early days, Cao Cao needed the power of the family to fight the world, but when the regime was slightly stable, the problems of the family were exposed, and Cao Cao began to suppress the family.
III. Cao Cao's reasons for targeting the Hongnong Yang clan
During the Three Kingdoms period, the three families of Wei Shu and Wu all had the support of the family forces behind them, among which the Yizhou family supported Liu Bei and the Jiangdong gate valve supported Sun Wu, while Cao Cao's side had the strongest power, and the family that supported him was also the most, of which the Three Families of Hanoi Sima Family, Yingchuan Xun Family, and Hongnong Yang Family were the mainstays.
Among them, the Yingchuan Xun family began to help Cao Cao fight the world at a very early age, and Xun Yu and Xun You were the most important advisers under Cao Cao, and Cao Cao naturally did not move the Xun family. The Sima family in Hanoi has always been stoic, especially Sima Yi is simply a ninja turtle, making it difficult for Cao Cao to catch the handle.
In contrast, the Hongnong Yang clan has the greatest influence in the court. The Yang family was not truly loyal to Cao Cao, so the resistance to Cao Cao's policies was the most severe, and his son Yang Xiu participated in Cao Cao's shizi dispute in his early years.
Cao Cao's involvement in the Shizi dispute was something that Cao Cao could not tolerate, and he did not want his world to eventually fall into the hands of the Shi family, so he decided to attack the Yang family.
At the same time, attacking the Hongnong Yang clan can maintain the balance between the three families, among the three families, the Hongnong Yang clan is too powerful, and when Cao Cao is alive, he is naturally not afraid.
But after his death, his heirs may not be able to suppress the Yang family. After Cao Cao killed Yang Xiu, he immediately began to support Sima Yi of the Sima family, with the aim of maintaining the balance of the court.
Cao Cao's killing of Yang Xiu was also an expression of meaning, that is, the family clan should not intervene in the dispute between the sons of the world.
Four
What were Cao Cao's main means of attacking the Shi family?
1. Bloody killing
Cao Cao hated the family, and it was well known that the family was close to the cold gate, and the family had always been a threat to his rule in Cao Cao's eyes. Killing the Shi clan was also Cao Cao's main means of suppressing the Shi clan.
When Cao Cao attacked Xuzhou, he slaughtered the city of Xuzhou in the name of revenge for his father. Cao Cao slaughtered the city in Xuzhou, and the main killer was the local noble clan in Xuzhou. Xuzhou was not affected by the war before Cao Cao slaughtered the city, and the magnates at that time firmly controlled Xuzhou.
According to the nature of the wall grass of the family magnate, it is likely that cao Cao will immediately surrender to other warlords after he leaves. Therefore, Cao Cao slaughtered the family giants of Xuzhou in the name of his father's revenge, and the purpose was to destroy the Xuzhou City family gate valve system and firmly control Xuzhou in his own hands.
2, Tonden Rei
Jian'an
The first year,
Dates
、
Han Hao
Suggested to Cao Cao
"The art of the kingdom lies in the strength of the army and the food,
Qin people
To be anxious for agriculture and the world; XiaoWu to tun tian to determine the western region, this ancestor of the good style also. ”。
So it was
Xu Du
(Today.)
Henan
Xuchang
Tun Tian is nearby. The land of Tuntian is unclaimed and barren land. Labor, cattle, and farm tools are repression
Yellow Turban Uprising
Some of the laborers who were captured were actually forced to recruit. According to historical records, Cao Cao
"It is the promise of the people's tun tian, and the valley is a million." So the state and county routinely set up field officials. Therefore, the prefectures and counties set up field officials, where they were in Jigu, and conquered the four directions, without the labor of transporting grain, so they annexed the group of thieves, and keping the world."
Cao Cao's implementation of the Tun Tian system allowed Cao Cao to obtain grain and resettle displaced people, thus consolidating his rule. But in fact, what is more important is that the implementation of this system can break the monopoly of the shijia door valve on the economy, disintegrate the foundation of the shijia door valve's rule over the Cao Wei economy, and make Cao Wei's economic source no longer rely solely on the support of the shijia door valve.
3. Promulgate a talent-seeking order, "meritocracy"
The system of electing officials during the Two Han Dynasties was the system of inspection and examination, and the so-called system of inspection and examination means that you have to rely on the recommendation of others to become an official. As a result, most of the people who served as officials in the court were descendants of the family with a backstage. For example, the members of the Yang family of Hongnong accounted for more than half of the Officials of Cao Wei. In order to break the monopoly of the family door valve on the career, Cao Cao issued the Three Orders of Seeking Merit. Talents in the world, regardless of their origins, are meritocracy.
The promulgation of the Order of Seeking Merit opened the door for students from the cold door to enter the court, breaking the monopoly of the official field by the family door valve. Cao Cao completed the shuffle of Cao Wei's officialdom through the promulgation of the Decree of Raising The Virtuous. That is, two years after his order, Xun Yu, who could no longer be reused, died depressed.
5. Cao Cao's suppression of the Shi clan ended with Cao Cao's death
During Cao Cao's lifetime, he always adopted a policy of suppression against the Shi clan. However, after his death, his son Cao Pi ascended the throne with the support of Sima Shi, and during Cao Pi's reign he changed Cao Cao's policy of suppressing the Shi clan. It began to envelop the Shi clan and strengthen its rule, and it was even more the system of nine products in the right system to select officials, so that the children of the Shi clan once again dominated the court.
The official selection system of Jiupin Zhongzheng is based on the bloodline of the family lineage, and the highest rank of the door is the highest grade. Resulting in a situation of "no cold door in the upper product, no clan in the lower product".
In addition, during Cao Pi's reign, the Sima family was overused to attack the Cao clan relatives. As a result, after Cao Pi's death, the Sima family was dominant, and the Cao family was weakened. In the end, the Cao family's world was stolen by the Sima family, and Cao Cao's life's hard work eventually turned into nothingness.
In the later period of the two Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the family door valve system reached its peak. There have been top giants such as the Langya Wang Clan and the Chen Junxie Clan. There was even a situation in which the family and the imperial power ruled the world together.
6. Summary
As the saying goes: "Three generations are one door, five generations are one valve, and ten generations are one family.". It is conceivable that the door valve of the family is not achieved overnight, and it has to be accumulated for several generations. The Shijia door valve originated from the Qin and Han Dynasties, Xing and Wei Jin, and in this thousand years, the Shijia door valve has been influencing the world.
But everything will eventually rise and fall, and so will the family door valve. With the establishment of the imperial examination system, the family gate valve no longer monopolized the imperial power and slowly declined. As Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane" said, "Wild grass flowers by the Suzaku Bridge, the sunset at the mouth of Wuyi Lane." In the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people. "A generation of prosperity will finally come to an end.