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Art should have been far away from political struggle, poetry is a very pure art, it should have been incompatible with the political arena, good poetry is generally beyond political rights, outstanding poets are often far from the political whirlpool, but in the actual history, there are some outstanding poets, it is difficult to get out of politics, although they feel that writing poetry is happier than engaging in politics, they do not want to get entangled in politics, but they have not been able to get rid of the entanglement of political troubles.
For example, the great poet Cao Zhi of the Cao Wei dynasty could not get rid of the influence of politics on him, Cao Zhi grew up in a prominent political family, his father Cao Cao was the king of Wei, a political tyrant who had no emperor name but held the power of the emperor, Cao Cao blackmailed the son of heaven to make the princes, authoritarian and prominent; his brother was Cao Pi, a naked political careerist, fierce and cunning, in such a family environment, Cao Zhi grew up in a political atmosphere from childhood, although Cao Zhi also had political ideals, but he lacked the heart of a politician, but he was very literary Cao Zhi likes to make friends with poets and writers, rather than with the cunning politicians in the political arena, and he is a great poet with deep feelings in his bones. It is also strange to say that in this political family, Cao Cao, as the father's great politician, seems to prefer Cao Zhi, the third son with rich literary temperament, but does not seem to like Cao Pi, who is more interested in drilling in the political situation, so the poet Cao Zhi is facing a serious situation, and he is competing with his brother Cao Pi for the succession to the throne. A literary scholar with a rich artistic temperament and a political strategist compete in the political arena, and the result is conceivable, Cao Zhi lost in the hands of Cao Pi, Cao Zhi was a top master in writing poetry, but a weak person in political competition, and although Cao Pi was also an expert in literature, he was also a master of political strategizing, and Cao Pi was defeated beyond reason for disobedience.
Cao Plant Images
During the Jian'an period, it was the era of "literary self-consciousness", and three outstanding literary masters came out of the political family. Cao Cao, Cao Zhi, Cao Pi father and son are the leading figures in Jian'an literature, Cao Zhi's father Cao Cao wrote a wonderful poem of "singing to wine, geometry of life", Cao Zhi's brother Cao Pi wrote the epoch-making literary theory work "Treatise on Classics", and Cao Zhi himself was a great poet, and his poems were representatives of the poetry of the Jian'an period, such as his "Beautiful Women" is a very beautiful poem:
Beauty and idleness, picking mulberry between the wrong roads.
The soft strips are rising, and the leaves are falling.
See the sleeve of the plain hand, the wrist about the golden ring.
The head is golden, and the waist is covered with green and bright.
The pearl is crossed with jade body, and the wood between the corals is difficult.
Luo Yi He fluttered, lightly dressed with the wind.
Gu Pan left his glory and roared ruolan.
The walkers use their breath to drive, and the rest to forget their meals.
The woman was asked to settle down, but it was at the southern end of the city.
The Qinglou is adjacent to the main road, and the high gate is closed.
Rong Hua Yao Chaori, who does not want to ling Yan?
Where does the Mediator operate? The jade is safe from time to time.
Beauty Mu Gaoyi, seeking the virtuous and the difficult.
The crowd screamed in vain, and ann knew what he was looking at?
In the middle of the year, I sighed in the middle of the night.
The poem describes a handsome young girl who picks mulberry in the mulberry forest on the side of the road, with white wrists, golden bracelets, gold noodles on her head, and a blue gauze skirt floating in the wind. The girl whistled when picking mulberry, as if overflowing with the fragrance of orchids, and the roadside pedestrians fell for it and stopped to watch. Everyone likes this beautiful girl, and the beautiful girl only likes the virtuous person, but the virtuous person is difficult to meet, and the girl can only lament in the boudoir. It's like "Stranger on the Sang", a metaphor for the fact that ambitions are ambitious but it is difficult to achieve them.
It is said that Xie Lingyun, a literary master of the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty, once said: There is only one stone in the world, while Cao Zijian is unparalleled in talent and occupies eight buckets, while Xie Lingyun himself only occupies one bucket, and the rest of the world only shares one bucket. Xie Lingyun was a very proud poet, but he admired Cao Zhi very much and praised Cao Zhi for his "eight buckets of talent".
Cao Zhi wrote poetry very well, but in the struggle for the right to inherit the throne, he lost to his brother Cao Pi, who wrote well in literary criticism, Cao Zhi wrote poetry as the first favorite thing to do, and Cao Pi wrote papers as a hobby, what he insisted on doing was to fight for royal power, Cao Pi succeeded, Cao Zhi failed. As we all know, in the ancient political situation, the struggle for autocratic royal power was very fierce, and in the field of dynastic political power, the competition for losers was very tragic, even if it was a father-son, uncle-nephew or brother-in-law relationship, the losing party was often forced to die. In the struggle for the succession to the throne of the Cao clan, the strategist Cao Pi won, and the poet Cao Zhi was defeated. Cao Pi, the older brother, was very talented, after he ascended the throne, the punishment for the failed brother was very special, he knew that Cao Zhi's poetry was far above him, so he wanted his brother to show his strongest ability, he forced Cao Zhi to gamble on poetry and gamble his life, which is the famous "seven steps into poetry" story in history.
Boiled bean-fueled bean mino
Regarding this story of "seven steps into poetry", the "World Speaking New Language and Literature" records it like this:
Emperor Wen tried to order King Dong'a to compose poems in the seven steps, and those who did not succeed practice Dafa. The response is a poem: "Boiled beans are held as soup, and soy sauce is thought to be juice." The beans burned under the kettle, and the beans wept in the kettle. Ben was born from the same root, and he was too anxious to fry. 'The emperor is deeply ashamed. ”
What a special punishment for the loser, what a clever response, the Wei Wen Emperor Cao Pi won the battle for the right to inherit, and successfully ascended to the throne, Cao Pi, a new emperor who was very old in political scheming, did not want to give up the opportunity to retaliate, he took the arrogance of the victor, and took the shame of appreciating the punishment of the loser as his own enjoyment, this emperor who was an older brother, well aware of his brother's excellent ability to write poetry, so the way he used punishment was to let his brother try his best to write poetry, he wanted to see, How talented is his dear brother? He wanted to see how quickly his brother reacted to writing poetry. He wanted to see his brother, who was best at writing poetry, be ugly when he wrote poetry. Therefore, Cao Pi was very harsh and ordered Cao Zhi to write a poem after taking seven steps, otherwise, the older brother would be sentenced to capital punishment for being a younger brother. As a result, Emperor Wen of Wei was disappointed, not only did he not get Cao Zhi to be sentenced to death, but he also felt very guilty. Cao Zhi is worthy of being a talented poet, under the coercion of Cao Pi, he did not fear, did not hesitate, did not please, immediately exported into poetry, and recited a wonderful poem, not only the poem is very well written, but also, the poem describes the relationship between the two brothers at that time, the situation of the poem is to lament and talk about the brother's persecution of the brother, poetry and love, love and situation, situation and atmosphere, atmosphere and mood, are very appropriate.
This poem that Cao Zhi chanted is simply too absolute, plain and plain to say ordinary things, in response to extremely tense atmosphere and embarrassing scenes, telling the most natural truth, but what is implied is extremely profound irony, an indictment of the situation of the struggle between brothers in the battle for the succession to the throne. A plain, spontaneous poem, the meaning is very sharp and shocking. "Born from the same root, frying He is too anxious", this is a cry from the depths of the heart. The reader seems to hear Cao Zhi lamenting: "The same is the biological son of Cao Cao, the king of Wei, the brother has ascended the throne, the younger brother does not want to fight with you for power, since you have won a complete victory, the power is in your hands, you should have a deep brotherly feeling, why force your brother to a dead end, brothers in the world, how can you be like a bean and a bean, frying each other too urgently?" As the younger brother of the new emperor, Cao Zhi, with his wonderful poems, made his powerful brother listen to his heart, and this scene may be Cao Pi's literary feelings and brotherly affection were awakened, and he felt ashamed and guilty about his actions of punishing his brother. It seems that the great poet's wonderful poetry, whose power is extraordinary, the poet's brother, with his charismatic poems, conquered the murderous emperor's brother and left behind a story that has been recited through the ages.
There are different versions of Cao Zhi's "Seven-Step Poems" that have been handed down, the "Seven-Step Poems" in the "Shishu Xinyu" quoted above are six sentences, which is not the same as the usual circulation, and the text of the "Seven-Step Poems" in the "Taiping Guangji" volume 173 quoted in the "Shishu Xinyu" is also six sentences, with only a few words and sentences slightly similar. Usually, the popular version of the Seven Steps Poem is four sentences, and the "Chen Sijian Of the Seven Steps" sentence of the Qi Jingling Wenxuan Wang Xingzhi (昉) in the "Qi Jingling WenXuanwang Xingzhi" has Li Shan's note under the sentence, quoting the "New Language of the World" Yun:
"Emperor Wen ordered King Chen Si to take seven steps into a poem, which read: 'The grass burns under the stove, and the beans weep in the kettle.' Ben is born from the same root, and he is too anxious to fry. ’”
The text quoted here is brief, whether it is li shan's "Theory of the World" that has already been so, or whether the quotation has been abridged, it is not yet known. From six sentences to four sentences, much like the Tang Dynasty's five absolutes. The quotations of ancient book annotations are often not strictly quoted in the original text, and are often omitted for simplicity, and in order to make the quotations smooth and fluent, there are also corresponding changes to a few words.
Comparatively speaking, compared with the six original poems, the four sentences recorded by Li Shanzhu retain the main content of the original poem, while the first two sentences of the poem, "Boiled beans are held as soup, and the soy sauce is thought to be juice" is deleted. Deleting these two sentences, the metaphor of the poem is still there, and its main meaning has not changed: taking bean straw as fuel to cook beans is so fried with the same root. The poem is very popular, but the meaning is very profound: dear brother, it is too urgent to fry! It's a lot of emotion.
Thereafter, there were more popular texts, and the first sentence of the version cited by Li Shanzhu was changed to "boiled beans and burned beans" (see the "Yizuo" version quoted in volume 14 of the Book of Poetry). In this way, the beginning of the poem proposes the bean and the gourd together, and more naturally leads to the next sentence, which is more appropriate than the sudden statement at the beginning, "The gourd burns under the stove". It is not known who made this ingenious modification, but it must have been done by the experts in the poem.
Judging from the original six-sentence poem, it is simple and natural, and the content of the poem is written to burn beans and boil beans, so what is the use of boiling beans? The first two verses of the poem illustrate: "Boiled beans are held as soup, and soy sauce is used as juice." "It's common sense, it's appropriate and natural. The Eighth Volume of the Qi Min Zhi Shu (Qi Min Zhi Shu) talks about the production of bean soup and bean drums, and the same is true. In the Wei and Jin dynasties, tempeh was a "fashion food", which should be a common food, and Cao Zhi elaborated when writing poems, which is also very reasonable. After that, perhaps the Tang people or readers after the Tang Dynasty read it and felt that "tempeh" was no longer fashionable, it was a familiar thing, and there was no need to say more, so they deleted the two sentences of "boiled beans held as soup, and the soup was juiced" to make it conform to the style of Tang Absolute Sentence, and the poem was more condensed and more subtle, which was also a reasonable thing. In fact, at that time, Cao Zhi wrote two more sentences, but it was risky, and if he exceeded the time, he would be beheaded, but fortunately, he was talented, thinking like a fountain, and saying the poem more clearly would help express the true meaning.
The story of "seven steps into poetry" is widely circulated, and whether this "seven-step poem" was written by Cao Zhi is still controversial, from ancient times to the present, some scholars have doubted that this poem was not written by Cao Zhi, on the grounds that in a variety of ancient Cao Zhi poetry collections, the "Seven Steps Poem" can not be seen. Those who oppose this view believe that the absence of the "Seven Steps Poem" in the ancient Book of Cao Zhi's poetry collection does not prove that Cao Zhi did not write this poem, and perhaps the person who compiled the poem at that time did not include the poem. According to research, the first person to compile the collection for Cao Zhi was compiled at the will of Cao Zhi's nephew Cao Rui of Wei Ming. Emperor Ming of the JingChu Dynasty (237-239 AD) decreed: "Although King Si of Chen had made mistakes in the past, he restrained himself and acted cautiously to make up for the previous gap, and from the beginning to the end, the article was not separated from his hand, and it was difficult to do it." He collected all the accusations of the Huang Junior High School, and the Secretary of State and the secretary of state were all cut off by the Shangshu, the secretary, the Zhongshu Sanfu, and the Great Hongxu. He wrote more than 100 miscellaneous poems and poems written before and after zhi, and was in chinese and foreign countries. "The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, and the Biography of King Zhi of Chen Si is obviously incomplete. When Cao Zhi himself selected and compiled it, he said that "the deletion of other articles is for the previous record of seventy-eight articles", which is also incomplete, so it cannot be proved that the "Seven-Step Poem" was not written by Cao Zhi.
It is also possible that the Seven Steps poem was deleted from the King James version, and this poem satirizes Cao Pi, the father of the Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui, who was tabooed to write this poem. As Cao Pi's son and heir, although Cao Rui sympathized with his uncle Cao Zhi, it was not surprising that he was not allowed to include poems satirizing his father. The "Seven-Step Poem" is widely circulated and should be written by Cao Zhi. During the Liu Song Dynasty, this poem was widely known and related stories were circulated. The quotation from the Seven Steps of poetry in the New Language of the World should be credible.
Portrait of Cao Pi
Cao Zhi's unsuccessful struggle for the throne, under the situation of coercion, seven steps into a poem, wrote the deep meaning of "originally born from the same root, fried He is too anxious", very profoundly wrote the fierce and cruel competition for succession in the ancient political arena, and reflected the dark struggle between you and me on the political stage. The same is Cao Cao's own son, is a blood brother, Cao Pi's suppression and persecution of his brother Cao Zhi is so painstaking, the method of attack is so strange, shocking. Cao Pi and Cao Zhi two brothers, the struggle for the succession has a long history, Cao Zhi is quite favored by Cao Cao, once occupied the succession advantage, Cao Pi may have been very jealous at that time, later, Cao Pi succeeded to the throne, retaliation and prevention became an inevitable thing to do, high-level competition, very terrible; succession dispute, how many tragedies in history?
In the court situation of the ancient authoritarian regime, the fierce struggle for power led to the serious alienation of human nature, and the succession dispute was a fierce struggle between you and me, in the strange circle of power, family affection was worthless, among the ancient royal family members, father and son, mother and son, mother and daughter, uncles and nephews, brothers, and even sisters and brothers, sisters, etc., burned boiled beans, and things that were fried too urgently often occurred, which can be described as endless history. Li Shimin killed his brothers Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji and forced his father to abdicate; Wu Zetian killed his own son; Zhu Di invaded the capital and forced his nephew Emperor Jianwen to live or die; the Yongzheng Emperor personally executed his own son; Empress Dowager Cixi put his nephew under house arrest and poisoned him, and so on. In the Korean situation, the possession of power is the first, and other aspects are worthless. Cao Zhi's "Seven Steps Poem" profoundly reflects the fierceness and cruelty of the succession struggle in the ancient political arena, prompting everyone to pay attention to the shocking political struggle cases in ancient times, hoping that the future society can eradicate the tragic tragedy.
Finally, another introduction to Cao Zhi's poem "Song of Grievances" for readers to appreciate, the poem is written to lament the sinister political arena, Cao Zhi sigu sighed, sad feelings:
It is not easy to be a king, but it is difficult to be a good subject.
Faithfulness is not evident, but there are doubts.
Zhou Gongzuo became king, and Jin Gonggong did not publish.
Push the heart to assist the royal family, the second uncle anti-rumors.
When sin dwells in the eastern country, weeping often lingers.
The Imperial Spirit was in great turmoil, thundering and windy and cold.
Pulling up trees and harvesting in autumn, the heavens are not dry.
Plain clothes open the gold spoon, feel the end of it.
When the matter of the Gongdan is revealed, it is a lament to become a king.
I want to turn this song, this song is sad and long.
Have fun today, don't forget it later.