One Han in the west, one Han in the east, and two Hans are actually one Han. There was Wei after the Han Dynasty, but there was more than one Wei, and even the name of the state established by Li Mi in Wagang was also called Wei, which we called Western Wei, and after Cao Wei before Li Mi, there was another Wei, which we called Northern Wei, which was established by Tuoba Xianbei from Gaxian Cave. Although it was a Humble regime, it had done its best to sinicize, and even the emperor changed his surname to "Yuan".
Tuoba Hong, the Northern Wei emperor who fully Sinicized Tuoba Xianbei, had the temple name Gaozu and the courtesy name Emperor Xiaowen. In order to distinguish The Wei Emperor Cao Pi, we have always called Tuoba Hong emperor Wei Xiaowen Emperor, in fact, according to traditional customs, we can also call Wei Wendi, just as we call Emperor Xiaowen of Han Taizong Liu Heng Emperor of Han Wendi instead of Emperor Xiaowen, and Liu Che, Emperor Xiaowu of Han Shizong, called Emperor Xiaowu of Han Wu emperor Wudi instead of Emperor Xiaowu.
In this way, there is more than one Wei in history, not even more than one Western Wei, and Emperor Wen is even more than one, Tuoba Hong's grandson Yuan Baoju built a Western Wei, and he finally gave the title of Emperor Wen.
We don't care how many Wei Wendi emperors in history, what we want to talk about today is two: Wei WenDi Cao Pi and Wei Xiaowen Emperor Tuoba Hong, these two people have forced their brother seven steps into poetry, Cao Zhi's seven steps poem is well known, Cao Zhi's ending is well known, and Tuoba Hong's brother Tuoba Xun (this name is reminiscent of shoehorns) The seven-step poem is not noticed by few people, and Tuoba Xun's son later became emperor, which is even less known.
In fact, the Cao Zhi we see from the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is not exactly the same as in the main history, he is not a pure literati who was innocently bullied by his brother, the level of government affairs and military affairs is not high, but his ambitions are not small, and he is also an arrogant second-generation official. He was disqualified as an heir by Cao Cao, except that he was drunk before the expedition (in the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an, Cao Ren was surrounded by Guan Yu. Taizu made Zhi zhi the general of Nanzhong Lang and the general of Xingzheng. To save Ren, he called for a vow. Plant drunk can not be ordered, so regret and give up. ), and the trespass to "open the Golden Horse Gate without permission".
The "seven-step poem" made by Cao Zhi is not just the four sentences we are familiar with, but six sentences: "Boiled beans are held as soup, and wet is juice." The beans burned under the kettle, and the beans wept in the kettle. Born from the same root, why is it too urgent to fry? ”
Of course, Cao Zhi was not persecuted to death by his brother Cao Pi, Cao Pi died for six years, the trees on the head of the tomb grew very thick, Cao Pi died peacefully in the sixth year (232) of the Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui taihe (232), at the age of forty-one, which is considered to be the longevity of the four concubines born to Lady Cao Cao Bian (Pi Zhangzhi Bear): Cao Pi was forty years old, Cao Zhang was thirty-five years old, Cao Xiong died early, and only Cao Zhi was considered to be a year of confusion.
After talking about Cao Zhi, we should talk about the Northern Wei Emperor Wen, Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong.
Among the emperors of the past, Tuoba Hong was definitely a good person and a good emperor. The Book of Wei gave Tuoba Hong a high evaluation: "Bowing to the general government, one day and ten thousand opportunities, ten years, once did not have time to give; the same way to the same destination, all the worries are the same." It is difficult for the husbands and the people to do, and the high traces of human morality, although they live in the yellow house, they will do everything they can. If it is Qin Ming Jigu, the Emperor Of Heavenly Man, the Emperor Production, the Degree of The Path of the Dynasty and the Wilderness, the Discretionary Use of the House, and the Article, the People of the Sea Are Blessed with Eyes and Ears. To be a man of great talent, to love a good man, to regard the inferior as a wound, to serve one's own interests, and to have nothing to call it. Its longitude and latitude heaven and earth, how vain is it! ”
What Tuoba Hong did in governing the country, this article will not repeat it, we will focus on "human morality", that is, the story between him and his younger brother Tuoba Xun.
Tuoba Xun was in the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of Wei Gaozu, successively serving as a servant, a general, a Guanglu doctor, and a Zhongshu Ling, and was made the King of Pengcheng, with a high position of power and deep trust by his brother Tuoba Hong, how could he also make a seven-step poem like Cao Zhi? This incident is recorded in the Ninth Book of Wei.
It is said that after Tuoba Xun was crowned king of Pengcheng, he was often sullen: the emperor's brother's birth mother Lady Li was given death (the Northern Wei Dynasty passed down the rules handed down by Emperor Wu of Han, the death of the noble mother), and his own birth mother Lady Pan did not posthumously after her death, but the civilized empress dowager (Tuoba Hong's grandmother Feng) pointed out that it was quite moist.
Don't be afraid of no good things, you are afraid of no good people. The king of Pengcheng, Tuoba Xun, was depressed in the fiefdom, and the news reached Tuoba Hong, who immediately invited his brother to enter beijing to drink and chat with him and hunt. In the process of hunting, the "seven steps into poetry" incident occurred.
At that time, the brothers came to a large pine forest, Tuoba Hongshi was very happy, and he didn't know what he had written, and he also let people show it to his brother: "I made this poem, although I did not take more than seven steps, but it was almost the same, what are you?" ”
At this time, Tuoba Xun was only ten steps away from Tuoba Hong, and he immediately said: "I can take seven steps." So Tuoba Xun walked to his brother's side while meditating, and sure enough, seven steps into a poem: "Ask the pine forest, how many winters has the pine forest gone through?" How are the mountains and rivers as before, and the wind and clouds are the same as the ancients? ”
Tuoba Hong laughed loudly (Gao Zu laughed): "Brother, you are scolding me (Ru this poem also rebukes my ears)!" ”
Tuoba Hong commented on his brother's poem: "My brother is talented, much stronger than Cao Zijian, Cao Zijian's seven-step poem pattern is too small, and my brother's poem swallows mountains and rivers." Cao Pi was jealous that Xian xian could not reuse his brother, which led to the change of ownership of the three horses, I will not do that, I want to leave my brother around to entrust the heavy responsibility! ”
Not only reusing his younger brother, Tuoba Hong also specially ordered the posthumous title of his brother's birth mother: "The birth mother of the younger brother, Pan, died early, and the prominent name was not added." Misfortune and body, pain arises with the form, and now because of its thoughts, there is enough sorrow. It can be given to Princess Peng Chengguo to comfort the survival. ”
Tuoba Xun was a little embarrassed at this time: "The subject hears and is close to the two, and the similarities and differences are built, this is written in the past, and the subject is willing to recite it later." Chen Si (Cao Zhi) asked but did not allow it, and the fool did not ask for it. However, in the face of great differences, Cao Zhi was not envious of his subjects, but his majesty also abused Wei Wen (Cao Pi) and ignored them. ”
Tuoba Hong still laughed, took Tuoba Xun's hand, and said something from the bottom of his heart: "Ercao cai is jealous of each other, I and Ru are morally close, and for this reason, there is no shame in the former martyrdom." Ru Dan self-denial, more than that! ”
Tuoba Hong's meaning is very clear: "Don't say anything, let's fight the tiger brothers to fight the father and son soldiers, the brothers are in the same heart, their profits are broken, shake off their arms and do it!" ”
Cao Pi Cao Zhi and Tuoba Hong Tuoba Xun these two pairs of brothers, are both monarchs and courtiers, are full of reading the books of the sages, why is the gap between people in the world so big? According to historical records, Tuoba Hong has always been very good to Tuoba Xun, but these two Wei Wendi let the two younger brothers make two seven-step poems, which one is better? This is for the readers to judge...
Reference materials: Book of Han, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei