14. Emperor Wen of Sui (Yang Jian)
Emperor Wen of Sui
Emperor Yang Jian of Sui (21 July 541 [1] – 13 August 604) was a native of Huayin, Hongnong Commandery (present-day Huayin, Shaanxi). The fourteenth grandson of Yang Zhen, the founding emperor of the Sui Dynasty, reigned from the first year of the kai emperor (581) to the fourth year of Renshou (604). The small character Na Luoyan, xianbei surname Pu Liuru, Yang Jian restored the Yang clan after taking power.
His father Yang Zhong was a military nobleman of Western Wei and Northern Zhou, and when Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou was made the Duke of Suiguo, Yang Jian inherited his father's title. Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou succeeded to the throne, with Yang Jian as the pillar state and the Great Sima and the position of Emperor Rilong. In the first year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (581), Yang Jian was made emperor by the Northern Zhou Jing Emperor Chan and changed his name to Yuan Kai. After Emperor Wen of Sui ascended the throne, he carried out a series of reforms in the political, economic and other aspects of the system. Revise the penal laws and systems to make them suitable for China after the reunification of the North and the South. In the central government, the three-province and six-ministerial system was implemented, and the local three-level system of prefectures, counties, and counties was changed to a two-level system of prefectures and counties, thus consolidating centralized power. Repeated tax cuts have reduced the burden on the people, promoted national agricultural production, and stabilized economic development. In the ninth year of The Kai Emperor (589), Yang Guang, the King of Jin, was sent south to Pingchen to unify the north and south. Emperor Wen of Sui adopted a policy of military defense and political appeasement toward the surrounding ethnic groups, effectively handling ethnic contradictions,[4] and was revered by the northern ethnic minorities as "saint khans". During the reign of the Emperor, the Sui Dynasty had a vast territory and a population of more than 7 million households.
During the twenty-four years of The reign of Emperor Wen of Sui, he was keen on reform and achieved outstanding political achievements. However, in the late period of his reign, he became suspicious, killed the heroes, and listened to the words of empress wen, deposed the crown prince Yang Yong and established Yang Guang as the crown prince, laying the foundation for the destruction of the country. In the fourth year of Renshou (604), he died mysteriously at Renshou Palace. He died at the age of sixty-four, with the temple name Gaozu and Emperor Wen, and was buried in Tailing.
15. Emperor Wen of Han (Liu Heng)
Emperor Wen of Han
Emperor Wen of Han (203 BC – 157 BC), fourth son of Liu Bang of the Han Dynasty, mother Bo Ji, brother of Liu Ying, Emperor Hui of Han, and the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. In 196 BC, after Han Gaozu suppressed the Rebellion of Chen Feng, he made Liu Heng the Acting King, who was tolerant and peaceful and kept a low profile politically. After the death of Han Gaozu, Lü Hou had exclusive power, and Zhu Lü held the military and political power of the imperial court. In 180 BC, as soon as Lü Hou died, the chancellor Zhou Bo and the chancellor Chen Ping swept away Zhu Lü and welcomed Liu Heng, the acting king, into the capital as emperor, as Emperor Wen of Han.
After Emperor Wen of Han ascended the throne, he made great efforts to govern, build water conservancy, dress simply, and abolish corporal punishment, so that the Han Dynasty entered a period of strength, prosperity and stability. At that time, the people were rich and the world was well-off. Liu Heng had a queen consort when he was acting king, and had four concubines, and soon after Liu Heng became emperor, these four concubines died one after another, and Liu Qi, the son of Dou Yifang, the favorite of the other sons, was the longest. Three months after Liu Heng ascended the throne (in the first month of the first year of the jing dynasty), Liu Qi was made crown prince, and in March of the first year, Dou Yifang was made empress. The reign of Emperor Wen of Han and his son Emperor Jing of Han was collectively known as the reign of Wen Jing. During the reign of Emperor Wen of Han, there were problems such as the excessive power of the princely kingdoms and the invasion of the Central Plains by the Xiongnu. Emperor Wen of Han treated the princes and adopted an attitude of subjugating people with virtue. In terms of morality, Emperor Wen of Han also personally tasted medicine for his mother Bo Shi and was deeply filial piety. In June of the seventh year of the Later Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Han collapsed at Weiyang Palace in Chang'an and was buried in Baling. In ancient times, those who seized the merits of the world were called ancestors, and those who had the virtue of ruling the world were called zong. Therefore, his temple name was Taizong, emperor Xiaowen. He is also the protagonist of "Twenty-Four Filial Pieties" who tastes the soup medicine.
16. Song Renzong (Zhao Zhen)
Song Renzong
Emperor Renzong of Song (30 May 1010 – 30 April 1063), courtesy name Zhao, was the fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty (reigned 23 March 1022 – 30 April 1063), the sixth son of Emperor Zhenzong of Song, and his mother was Consort Li.
In his early years, he was appointed duke of Qingguo, king of Shouchun County, king of Sheng, and official Zhongshu Ling. In the second year of Tianxi (1018), he was made crown prince. In the first year of Qianxing (1022), Zhao Zhen ascended the throne at the age of thirteen. At the beginning of his reign, The Empress Dowager Liu of Zhang Xianmingsu was under the command of the government, and it was not until the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1033) that he began to pro-government. The first "Song-Xia War" broke out in the middle of his reign, and after three years of fighting, the two sides signed the "Celebration Calendar Peace Agreement". During this period, the Liao state took the opportunity to suppress the territory with heavy troops and forced the Song court to increase the loss of the old coins, which is known in history as "qingli increase coins". In the third year of the Qing calendar (1043), Zhao Zhen appointed Fan Zhongyan, the governor of the qing calendar, and others to carry out the "New Deal of the Qing Calendar" in an attempt to curb the increasingly serious land annexation and the phenomenon of "three redundancies", but due to the huge opposition force, the reform was immediately suspended. In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), Zhao Zhen died at the age of fifty-four at the Funing Temple in Tokyo. He reigned for forty-two years, the longest reigning emperor of the Song Dynasty. Quan Yu is "Emperor Tianfa Dao Ji Gong Quan De Shen Wen Sheng Wu Rui Zhe Ming Xiao Emperor", temple number Renzong, buried Yong Zhao Mausoleum.
17. Tang Xuanzong (Li Longji)
Tang Xuanzong
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (8 September 685 – 3 May 762), grandson of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Wu Zetian, third son of Emperor Ruizong of Tang, was also known as Li Sanlang (李三郎) and his mother Dou Defei (窦德妃). The longest-reigning emperor of the Tang Dynasty (reigned 712–756).
In August of the first year of the Vertical Arch (685), Li Longji was born in the eastern capital Luoyang. By nature, he is decisive and versatile. He was initially enfeoffed as the King of Chu, and later as the King of Linzi. In June of the first year of Tang Long (710), Li Longji and Princess Taiping joined forces to launch the "Tang Long Coup" and kill the Wei Hou clique. In the first year of the First Heaven (712), Li Danchan was located in Li Longji, and Li Long ascended the throne based on the Chang'an Taiji Palace as emperor. Later, princess Taiping was killed and the supreme rule of the country was obtained. In the early days of Tang Xuanzong's reign, he paid attention to rectifying the chaos, appointed Yao Chong, Song Jing and other sages, and made great efforts to rule, creating the most prosperous world of the Tang Dynasty - the Kaiyuan Prosperous Era. He attached great importance to the jurisdiction of the frontier areas, and named Dazuo Rong the "King of Bohai County", set up the Governor's Mansion of Bohai and the Governor of Heishui, named Piluoge of Nanzhao the King of Yunnan, and named Pei Luo of Huilu the "Huairen Khan", consolidating the unity of the multi-ethnic state. However, in the later period of his reign, he gradually neglected the imperial government, favored the traitorous ministers Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong, and favored Yang Guifei, coupled with policy mistakes and the reuse of An Lushan and other Foreign nations to try to stabilize the frontiers of the Tang Dynasty, which led to the eight-year-long Anshi Rebellion, laying the groundwork for the Tang Dynasty's transformation from prosperity to decline. In the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), the crown prince Li Heng ascended the throne and honored him as Emperor Taishang.
Baoying died of illness in the First Year (762) of the Chang'an Dragon Hall at the age of 78 and was buried on Jinsu Mountain, named Tailing. The temple name Xuanzong, because of its nickname as the Great Saint Daming Xiao Emperor of the Zhidao, the Qing Dynasty to avoid the name of the Kangxi Emperor Xuan Ye, often called him The Tang Ming Emperor, and also the honorific title of Kaiyuan Shengwen Shenwu Emperor.
18. Emperor Xiaowen of Wei (Tuoba Hong)
Emperor Xiaowen of Wei
Tuoba Hong (拓跋宏) (13 October 467 – 26 April 499) was a Chinese chinese official. The seventh emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he was an outstanding politician, reformer, and writer in ancient China. The eldest son of Emperor Tuoba Hong, his birth mother Lady Li.
In the third year of Emperor Xing's reign (469), he was made crown prince. According to the Northern Wei dynasty system of the death of the noble mother, when Tuoba Hong became the crown prince, his birth mother was tragically killed and raised by his grandmother, Empress Wenming. Tuoba Hong ascended the throne at the age of five, with the era name Yanxing, and his grandmother Empress Wenming came to power, and carried out a series of centralized reforms to the xianbei imperial court, Empress Feng first rectified the administration of officials, established the three-chief system, implemented the juntian system, and then promulgated the Feng Lu system, and Emperor Xiaowen was deeply affected. In the fourteenth year of Taihe (490), after Emperor Xiaowen formally took the throne, he further carried out reforms. In the eighteenth year of Taihe (494), in the name of the Southern Expedition, the capital was moved to Luoyang, and the old customs of Xianbei were comprehensively reformed. Collect ancient and modern Han classics, stipulating that Hanfu should be used instead of Xianbeifu, Chinese should be used instead of Xianbei language, and the Xianbei people in Qianluo should take Luoyang as their place of origin and change the Xianbei surname to Han surname. Encourage xianbei nobles to marry Han chinese, pay with reference to the Southern Dynasty canon, reform the political system of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and severely suppress the conservative nobles who opposed the reform, and execute the deposed crown prince Yuan Gong. A series of actions promoted the vigorous development of the Northern Wei Dynasty's economy, culture, society, politics, and military, known in history as the "Taihe Reform System", which effectively alleviated ethnic estrangement and promoted the progress of civilization and the integration of nationalities.
In the twenty-third year of Taihe (499), Tuoba Hong became ill in the army, and on his deathbed, he still had the ambition of "Seven Temples of Yangon, Bowing to The Cangsheng", and later died in the Original Palace of Gutang, at the age of thirty-three, with the title of Xiaowen and the temple number Gaozu, and was buried in Changling.
19. Qing Shizong (Ai Xin Jue Luo. Yin Chan)
Qing Shizong
Emperor Aisin Kyora Yinchen (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735) was the fifth monarch of the Qing Dynasty (reigned 1722–1735), the third emperor after the capital was Beijing. The era name Yongzheng. The fourth son of the Kangxi Emperor, his mother was Empress Xiaogongren (also known as Princess Wuya), who was born in Yonghe Palace, the Forbidden City in Beijing.
In the thirty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1698), Yin Chan was made the Prince of Heshuoyong. After the second deposed crown prince Yin Rong, Yin Chan actively competed for the throne, and on November 13, 1722, the Kangxi Emperor died of illness in changchun garden in the northern suburbs, and he succeeded to the throne, changing the era name to Yongzheng the following year. During the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor, a series of reforms were made. In order to strengthen the rule over the ethnic minorities in the southwest, it is necessary to reform the land and return to the stream. The abolition of the untouchable system and the introduction of the practice of dividing the land into acres have reduced the economic burden of landless and landless peasants and promoted population growth. In addition, we should vigorously straighten out the finances, implement the practice of returning envy to the public, establish a system of raising honest and honest silver, and implement the practice of collecting grain as a whole for officials and gentry. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), he sent troops to Qinghai, and the following year put down the Rebellion of Lobzang Tenzin. Politically, the bureaucracy was straightened out, a system of secret folding was created to monitor the subjects, and a military aircraft department was set up to have exclusive powers. Moreover, improving the secret reserve system institutionalized the method of succession to the imperial throne, and to a certain extent, avoided the situation in which the princes of the Kangxi Emperor fell in love with each other in his later years. During the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor, he was diligent in political affairs, and boasted that he was "diligent before the world" and "in the morning and in the evening".
A series of social reforms by the Yongzheng Emperor played a key role in the continuity of the Kangqian dynasty. In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng (1735), he died on the 23rd day of the eighth lunar month at the age of 58. Temple number Sejong, courtesy name Jing Tianchang Yun Jianzhong table text Wu Ying Ming Kuan Ren Xin Rui Sheng DaXiao to Emperor Chengxian, buried in the Qing Xiling Of the Tai Ling, passed down to the fourth son Hongli.
20. Emperor Wu of Jin (Sima Yan)
Emperor Wu of Jin
Sima Yan (236 – 16 May 290), also known as Emperor Wu of Jin (reigned 265 – 290). Zi Anshi, a native of Wen County, Hanoi (present-day Wen County, Henan Province), was the founding emperor of the Jin Dynasty. He was the grandson of Sima Yi, the emperor of Jin, the nephew of Sima Shi, the emperor of Jinjing, the eldest son of Sima Zhao, the emperor of Jinwen, and the father of Sima Rui, emperor of Jinyuan. In the second year of Xianxi (265), he attacked his father the King of Jin, and a few months later forced the Wei Yuan Emperor Cao Yichan to cede to him, the state name Jin, the establishment of the capital Luoyang, and the change to Yuan Taishi. In the fifth year of Xianning (279), Sima Yan ordered Du Xian, Wang Mao, and others to divide the army and cut down Wu, and the following year destroyed Wu and unified the whole country. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he adopted a series of economic measures to develop production, and promulgated the household adjustment system (including the occupation of the field system, the household system and the custom system of the official occupation of the field). During the Taikang period, a prosperous scene appeared in the Western Jin Dynasty, known in history as the "rule of Taikang". However, after the destruction of Wu, Sima Yan gradually slackened political affairs and became extravagant and corrupt. Taixi died of illness in the first year (290), and was known as Emperor Wu of Jin. Buried in the Tomb of Junyang.
To be continued...