When the Yongzheng Emperor ascended the throne, he was 45 years old, the oldest of the Qing emperors when he ascended the throne. In the entire 45 years of his life as a prince, what kind of life he lived, the seal of the Yong Prince's residence may provide us with some valuable clues.
Aisin Kyora Yin chan (1678-1735)
Seal of the Yongzheng King's residence
According to the statistics of existing objects and "Bao xue", before Yongzheng ascended the throne, as many as 120 seals were made, including 24 double-sided seals, with a total of 144 seals.
There is a lot of repetition in these prints. For example, there are 7 parties of the "Chapter of Yin Chan", 2 parties of "The Fourth Son of the Emperor and the Prince Treasure of Shuoyong", 9 parties of "Prince Bao of Heshuoyong", 2 parties of "Prince Yongbao", 4 parties of "Dust-Breaking Residents", 17 parties of "Royal Gift Lang Yin Pavilion Treasure", 3 parties of "Lang Yin Pavilion", 10 parties of "Qian Zhai", 3 parties of "Respectful Holding Zhai", 2 parties of "Yuanmingyuan", and 2 parties of "Lion Garden".
Shoushan stone double ant niu "Yuanmingyuan" seal
Shoushan stone "Wufutang" seal
"Yamatosai" 2 parties, "Gofukudo" 2 parties, "Gonglin Imperial Father Imperial Pen" 3 parties, "Happy And Tireless" 2 parties. The rest such as "Master of The Yuanming", "Xianyun Daoist", "Dusty Scattered People", "Disciple Yueli", "Yueli", "Chapter of Didd Yin chan", "Emperor", "Wen Li", "Lang Yin Ge Bao", "Bamboo Plum Tobacco House", "Xueshu Caotang", "Leshan Academy" and so on are only one side.
The above seal can be said to be the most concentrated remains of personal belongings before the Yongzheng throne. If these inscriptions are compared, it will be found that their content is closely related to the basic living and psychological state before the Yongzheng Emperor ascended the throne, and some of the details can supplement the lack of historical materials in the past.
Imperial Treasure of Lang Yin Ge
"Lang Yin Pavilion" is located in the "Natural Picture" scenic spot of Yuanmingyuan Middle Road, which was originally the study of Prince Yong, and Kangxi gave him the name "Lang Yin Pavilion". The "Imperial Gift Lang Yin Ge Treasure" written in the "Bao Xue" is as many as 17 squares, large and small in various sizes, and the production of so many identical seals is nothing more than to indicate the "Royal Gift" nature of the name of The Lang Yin Ge, so as to show the close relationship between him and his father.
In the small details reflected in the seal, it can be seen that Yin Chan of the Feudal Period deliberately pandered to the Kangxi Emperor.
After the ascension to the throne, Baoxi and Yongzheng were in charge of their own people
Like other emperors, the Yongzheng Emperor began to make the imperial seal after he ascended the throne. The earliest production recorded in the "Living Record" is the "Treasure of the Yongzheng Imperial Pen" handed over on the seventeenth day of the first month of the first month of Yongzheng (1723).
Shoushan Stone Carving Dragon Wanu "Treasure of Yongzheng Imperial Pen"
On the seventeenth day of the first month, su Peisheng, the chief eunuch of the Maoqin Temple, handed over the side of the Shoushan Shikuo Dragon Button Treasure and wrote the Zhu Zi Yongzheng Imperial Pen Treasure. Order: The seal is presented and then engraved. Thanks.
On the nineteenth day of the first month, Hanlin Zhang took a picture like a seal, and the technician Teng Jizu had a seal like a seal. The southern craftsman Yuan Jingshao is like a seal. The engraver Zhang Kui is like a seal, Prince Yi presents it, and is instructed: Zhang Zhao is like a seal, but the strokes are subtle, according to Yuan Jingshao's seal book, and its discipline is another seal. Zai Teng Jizu's zigzag seal method on the sample is better, and asked Zhang Zhao what is the zigzag seal method? Thanks.
On the twenty-second day of the first month, Hanlin Zhang took two seals, the technician Teng Jizu had three seals, and the southern craftsman Yuan Jingshao had three seals. The engraver Zhang Kui sealed three sheets. Prince Yi presented it, and was instructed: Quasi-Zhang Zhao ancient seal Yongzheng Imperial Pen Treasure, the zigzag under the horizontal flat, the selection of auspicious time as the engraving. Thanks.
On the twenty-ninth day of the first month, according to the seal of Hanlin Zhang, the treasure of the Imperial Pen of Shoushan Shi Yongzheng was engraved, and Prince Yi presented it. Order: Take this treasure for good life. Drink this.
Shoushan stone carving Dragon Wanu "Yongzheng Imperial Pen Treasure" plutonium ben
This is a very typical program made by the Yongzheng Imperial Seal. The motion for the production came from Yongzheng himself, and the details of the seal characters in the production process were all holyly judged, and even special emphasis was placed on choosing an auspicious time when engraving. It can be seen that the Yongzheng Emperor paid attention to the production of baoxi, and the yongzheng emperor's requirements for the production of the royal baoxi were also very specific, and even became an important designer, guide and final acceptor.
Judging from the existing physical objects, the Yongzheng Emperor's treasure seal is very exquisite, and the printing method and layout are considerable. The level is very high, which is not unrelated to the Yongzheng Emperor's own participation and strict requirements.
Shoushan Stone Double Beast Niu "Dear Sage Love People" Seal
Shoushan Stone Double Beast Niu "Dear Sage Love People" Seal Book
Judging from the records of the "Living Record", the production of baoxi after Yongzheng's ascension to the throne was mainly concentrated in the first and sixth years. Especially in the first year of Yongzheng, almost all important treasure seals were made in this year.
What is of concern is that in addition to the usually necessary treasure seals such as "Yongzheng Imperial Treasure" and "Yongzheng Imperial Pen Treasure" and "Yongzheng Chenhan", the following treasure seals are especially numerous, such as: "Respecting Heaven and Respecting Ancestors" 8 parties, "Loving the People" 8 parties, "Respecting Heaven and Diligent People" 4 parties", "Being Difficult for the King" 9 parties, and "conscientiously working" 9 parties, occupying a considerable proportion of the treasure seals made after the Yongzheng Emperor took the throne, and were frequently produced, reflecting the importance of their status.
Shoushan Stone Dragon New "Respect heaven and honor ancestors" seal
Due to the emperor's special status and status, the production of his treasure seal was by no means arbitrary. In particular, it is extremely cautious in the selection of indians, as the Qianlong Emperor said: "Fu Tianzi Chenzhang, choose words and engrave seals, to show self-warning, zhengye." "Its content is all inspired, truly reflects the interests and preferences of the emperors, and is closely related to their situation, thoughts and behaviors at that time."
Here is an analysis of the treasure of "difficult for the king": the first year of Yongzheng (1723).
On the twenty-second day, Prince Yi handed over a plaque with the words "For the King's Difficulty," which was three feet nine inches and five minutes long and one foot six inches wide; "But rule the world by one person, will you serve one person in the world?" to one pair, five feet forty-five minutes high, nine inches and five minutes wide. Order: Plaque, a piece of jade for the wooden lattice eye, does not have to be edged. Thanks.
On the twenty-fifth day of the first month, he made a plaque of "Difficult for the King", and on one payment, Prince Yi presented it.
Shoushan Stone "For the Junnan" rectangular seal
The plaques and couplets recorded in the "Living Record" were written by the Yongzheng Emperor himself. Among them, the plaque "For the King" hangs on the back lintel of the Qinzheng Hall of the Yuanmingyuan, and the couplet is hung in the West Pavilion of the Yangxin Hall of the Forbidden City. This production is only a short period of two months after the Yongzheng Emperor took the throne. Not only that, the next day, the twenty-third day of the first month, the Yongzheng Emperor issued another production will:
Prince Yi handed over the red Shoushan Stone Double Dragon Button Rectangular Lead, the Red Shoushan Stone Flying Bear Button Book Side, the Red Shoushan Stone Canglong Teaching Button Book Side, and the Decree: Double Shoushan Stone Canglong Teaching Button Rectangular Lead The Lower Side is Rounded and Engraved "For the King"; The Flying Bear Button Book Is Engraved "Chao QianXi Ti"; the Canglong Teaching Button Book Is Engraved "Yongzheng Chenhan", and this is admired.
On March 13, the red Shoushan Stone Double Ant Flat Button ChangFang introduced the first side of the square to make a waist round, engraved with the three words "for the Junnan"; the red Shoushan Stone Flying Bear Button Book on the one side engraved "Chao Qian Xi Ti" four characters; the red Shoushan Stone Canglong Jiaozi Button Book on the other side engraved "Yongzheng Zonghan" four characters, a total of a brocade box dress, Prince Yi presented.
Among them, the Shoushan Stone Double Antweed Flat Button Rectangular Lead "For Junnan" waist round treasure is the earliest and largest "Junnan" treasure made after the Yongzheng Emperor ascended the throne.
In the following months, the Yongzheng Emperor continued to issue decrees and produced 8 more "difficult for the king" treasure. In such a short period of time, both the plaque was written and the treasure seal was made many times. It shows that the Yongzheng Emperor, who had just ascended the throne, had a deep feeling for the difficulties of becoming a king, which was a true reflection of his inner thoughts at that time.
"Difficult for the King" canonized the Analects. The Analects of zilu: "Dinggong asked: 'One word can rejuvenate the country, and there are all kinds?' Confucius said to him, "Words cannot be said to be a few of them." The words of people know: it is difficult for the king, it is not easy for the subject, if you know the difficulty of the king, is it not almost a word and prosper the country? ”
Confucius's theory of the difficulty of kings and subjects resonated strongly with the Yongzheng Emperor more than two thousand years later, especially as the head of a country, he had a deeper experience of the "difficulty of being a king", thus using "difficulty for the king" as a motto to warn himself not to forget his duty as an emperor.
Shoushan Stone "For the Junnan" rectangular printed plutonium book
The reason why Yongzheng has a special love for "difficulty for the king" is often mentioned that it is closely related to his experience. On the one hand, due to the relationship between the reserve and the position, he has many unsatisfactory points in handling the relationship within the family.
Due to the old grudges over the throne, several of his brothers, especially Yun Yu, Yun Yu, and Yun Yu, openly challenged the legitimacy of his throne, causing Yongzheng to have to kill his political enemies in order to maintain his power and prestige as the supreme ruler.
Yongzheng ended the forty-year-long struggle for the throne, freeing the entire bureaucratic clique from the party struggle, but also falling into a notorious reputation for being addicted to killing, which almost became a heavy burden on the life of the Yongzheng Emperor.
It is not difficult to avoid sudden attacks from time to time and justify one's actions, while at the same time implementing one's own reform measures!
"Pray for the sake of the government" and implement it for the sake of government
Among the few types of seals of the Yongzheng Emperor, seals such as "Chongshi Zheng", "Chao Qian Xi Ti" and "Conscientious Diligence" accounted for a considerable proportion. This is no accident, but a true portrayal of the Yongzheng Emperor's diligent and earnest work in creating the prosperous world of the Qing Dynasty.
Shoushan Shi Fei Xiong Niu "Chao Qian Xi Ti" seal
"Advocating realistic government" is an important part of Yongzheng's thinking on governance, which is intended to be pragmatic and realistic in governing the country, to care about the country's major plans for the sake of the subjects and the monarch, and to solve practical problems in the people's livelihood and the rule of officials. He constantly admonished his ministers to "be pragmatic in order to govern the way and not to make a false name." (Records of the Qing Dynasty, vol. XIII)
The Yongzheng Emperor demanded not only his subjects with "advocating real government", but also himself. It can be said that pragmatic thinking is constantly reflected in his own behavior.
Specifically, it means being diligent in government, "working hard and diligently," and "working diligently." Yongzheng's diligence was famous among the emperors of the Qing Dynasty. At the beginning of the Imperial Pole, due to the social crisis and his unfamiliarity with the ministers, he obviously felt the great responsibility of maintaining the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, he never dared to have the slightest laziness.
Sandalwood exotic beast "Yu DeQinmin" seal
In his poems, there are many records of his diligent work. "Mian Si relieved the drum yu qin, and the temple wall book hung a large treasure proverb." Looking at the heat of a thousand and a few, it is difficult to throw an inch of time. ”
Shoushan Shi Shuang Feng Yue Niu "conscientious" seal book
The yongzheng emperor's diligence in government is best reflected in the large number of edicts he left behind. These edicts were all approved by the Yongzheng Emperor on the secret folds played by local officials, and each fold was "dozens of words, or hundreds of words, and as many as a thousand words", for these secret folds, the Yongzheng Emperor was a must-see for each fold, and made corresponding instructions.
When he was nervous, Yongzheng had to review dozens of pieces every day, often until late at night, and he often saw records of working day and night on the batch. For example, "There is no tranquility in the daytime, two drums are missed at night, and the essays are written under the lamp." "Under the C night lights, one by one, the provinces are listed, and the instructions are given one by one." "Because the writing and paintings under the lamp and candle are sloppy, I am afraid that Qing Qing is not aware of the spirit of the decay, so there is a preface, not to show the diligence of the decay."
This practice was always unremitting by the Yongzheng Emperor, and it was difficult to do without the perseverance of "conscientiousness".
Shoushan Shi Shuang Feng Xuan Niu "Conscientious" Seal
The Yongzheng Emperor always attached great importance to his own political actions, and never allowed others to have the slightest doubt about his efforts.
In February of the third year of Yongzheng, Yongzheng went to the table and promulgated Yongzheng's ChaoqianXi Ti, but misled "ChaoQianxi Ti" as "Sunset Chaoqian", and the Yongzheng Emperor made a big thunderclap, saying that Nian Qianyao "did not want to return to His ear with 'Chao Qianxi Ti'", Nian Qianyao had violated the precepts, how could the Yongzheng Emperor spare him?
Yongzheng once said quite confidently: "Because of thinking about the way of the ancient emperor to rule the world, taking the spirit as the first and slacking as the precept, he did not dare to use merit to reach the ancient sage king, but this diligent heart, self-confidence can not be ashamed of the ancient precepts, and really has not lived up to the deep gratitude entrusted by my emperor' examination." He carved "Morning and Evening" and "Conscientious Work" into his seal, which was both self-encouragement and self-praise.
Shoushan Shi Fei Xiong Niu "Chao Qian Xi Ti" seal book
Qianlong, in his posthumous posthumous title to Yongzheng, once described the thirteen years of Yongzheng's reign as follows: "And it is a humility to donate to Yongzheng, to be anxious and diligent, to be diligent and energetic, to be a day or two to be diligent, to be conscientious, to eat and drink for thirteen years, to rule in a majestic manner, to be a model of a hundred kings; to pass on the statutes of a hundred generations." Everything is golden, there are rules and regulations, and it will always be seen later. It is discipline is practice, and the honor is due to the constitution. ”
It should be said that Qianlong's summary is basically consistent with the situation of the Yongzheng Dynasty, and this can be explained by the content reflected in the chapter.
(The content of the article is compiled from: Guo Fuxiang's "Looking at Yongzheng from Baoxi", Guo Fuxiang's "Looking at Yongzheng Dynasty from Yongzheng Idle Chapter")