The selection of officials in the Han Dynasty adopted a system of inspection: the administrative unit at the local county level recommended outstanding talents to the central government. However, this system has reached a late stage, and there are many drawbacks. A nursery rhyme sung by children at that time was so sarcastic: "Raise up the talent, do not know the book; raise the filial piety, the father does not live." "The local area is all about human relations, and a lot of scum garbage is elected."
In addition, at that time, a draft called "Moon Dan Review" would be held every month, which could comment on various characters, and the characters who were evaluated were equal to carp leaping dragon gate, and their value immediately doubled, such a form, and caused a serious consequence, which we now call "bubble".
Why?
A person, once commented by a celebrity, then this person immediately turned the stone into gold, and the value of the body will increase geometrically, waiting at home for the official hat to hit the head.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the pressure of public opinion was still particularly large, a bunch of middle-class idle people had nothing to do all day long to criticize the government, everyone looked at it, such excellent talents were unemployed at home, and the government was too corrupt! The government was scolded so much that it could not stand it, and was forced by the pressure of public opinion to resist the saliva and ask this guy to come out and become an official.
Note that at this time, the invited person cannot easily come out and become an official, because being an official is a very cheap thing, and being a hermit is noble. You must pretend to be a foot shelf sternly refuse, the government can not come at a glance, heck, it is indeed a heavyweight talent, the specifications of the recruitment are higher than once, well, the price is almost high, then it is difficult to get out of the mountain. But there were also those who were not satisfied, and the government had to forcibly pull him on the bus to take him to work, which was similar to the arrest of a mentally ill person in a hospital.
The end of the Han Dynasty was such an era of neuropathy, the government's prestige was swept away, and the people sold their reputations.
But as soon as Cao Cao came out, he swept away the decadent wind, you didn't go out of the mountain, the whole thing killed you, you wanted to put the score in front of me Cao Cao, you can, take your life in exchange. Thus the prestige of the government was established, but at the cost of the loss of intellectual dignity.
In addition, Cao Cao employs people in an eclectic and meritocratic manner, whether it is unkindness, injustice, disloyalty, or adultery with his sister-in-law, or even for the sake of officials and lords, even the old woman can not be, as long as you have a skill, my Cao Cao's shogunate will be open to you.
This made the family clan, who had always attached great importance to the ethics and virtues of the gang, suddenly feel that they were inferior to pigs and dogs.
This is a background, Cao Pi wants to change the dynasty at the least cost, and the ancient dynasty change is nothing more than two situations, one is military conquest, and the other is peace and Zen concession. Cao Pi will not be okay to find trouble, just stabilized Jiangshan to choose a force, so Cao Pi can only choose Peace Zen Concession, if Peace Zen Concession, there is an important problem: personnel.
First, how to eliminate the official garbage of the Han court and dig out real gold has become a big problem.
Second, the former ministers of the Han Dynasty had both fame and affection for the Han Dynasty, and Kong Rong and Xun Yu's generation were examples. If the loyal subjects of the Han Dynasty are absorbed into the new dynasty, it is almost equivalent to recruiting a group of internal traitors, and how to identify and eliminate these loyalists is the second big problem.
So in such a situation, there is a person who appears, that is, Chen Qun!
Chen Qun has been thinking about one thing, what kind of employment system can not only not reduce the prestige of the government, but also protect the interests of the family? Very relieved, Chen Qun thought. This is the prototype of the Nine Pins Official's Law.
What exactly is the Nine Pins Official Law?
For example, if A wants to become an official, he must first find the county's Zhongzheng and let him make a talent assessment certificate for himself. "Zhongzheng" is recommended by the magistrate of the county, usually by a local person with a reputation and accurate view. Under Zhongzheng, there must be a talent review committee, they met with A, to carry out meticulous review work, such as looking at the face, investigating the family background and the resume of a certain person, and learning about the usual conduct and talent of A from the neighbors. Finally, an appraisal report is issued, and the appraisal report must contain three contents:
1. Whose son you are, and whether your family has ever been a high official;
(2) Comments on the moral faculties of the person;
Third, what grade should this talent be in. This is the nine products, which are divided into upper, upper, upper, upper, middle, lower, lower, lower, lower, lower.
Therefore, the Nine Pins Official Personnel Law has an important function, that is, to evaluate the grade of officials, and this function is mainly aimed at the old officials of the Han Dynasty. In this way, it is equivalent to carefully sifting through the officials of the Han Dynasty through a common sieve, taking its essence and removing its dross, and selecting the best to enter the new dynasty that will soon be established.
With the support of the Nine Pins Official's Law, the future of the Ruying family was guaranteed, and it had become a potential supporter of Cao Pi's claim to the throne.
Many years later, Sima Yi added a very important part to this system, which almost completely changed the nature of the Nine Pins Official's Law.
This part is the state of the big zhongzheng.
What do you mean?
At the beginning of the Nine Pins Official's Law, there were only county zhongzheng and no prefecture zhongzheng. Although the prefectures and counties are both local administrative units, their nature is very different: the counties have more of the color of local self-governing bodies, while the prefectures are the central dispatch organs. Therefore, after Sima Yi established the State Grand Zhongzheng, the hub of the entire system was transferred from the local to the hands of the central government.
There are also clans in the center, but unlike the localities, during the Wei and Jin dynasties, the power could only reach the county level of the clan clan, called Hao right, and those that could penetrate into the center were called shi clans, or door valves.
The shi clan gatekeeper gradually grasped the power of personnel selection and appointment and removal, the emperor was incapable of managing, Hao Right could only secretly curse the mother, as for the common people, there was nothing for them.
In this way, a society operating with the door valve of the warrior clan as the core surfaced.