How hard is it for the cold disciples to get ahead? --- look at the Nine Pins Official Law of the Two Jin Dynasties.
There is no cold door in the upper product, and no soldier in the lower product.
From the time Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "deposed a hundred families and respected Confucianism alone", the bureaucracy elected many people to start with the art of scripture, and to the end of the Han Dynasty, the large families of successive princes emerged one after another, becoming an important force influencing the political situation.
In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Pi, who succeeded cao Cao to the throne of Wei after his death, succeeded to the throne of Wei, in order to win the general support of the family clan and consolidate Cao Wei's power, Cao Pi adopted the suggestions of Shangshu Chen Qun and formulated a set of official selection mechanisms: the Nine Pins Official Personnel Law, that is, the Nine Pins Zhongzheng System.
Wei Sikong Chen Qun, the beginning of the establishment of the nine product system. The county is placed in the middle, and the evaluation of the talents is high, each is the generation, and the state is the capital and the general discussion.
The so-called nine-pin Zhongzheng system, the core of which is in Zhongzheng, the imperial court set up a position of Zhongzheng in the county, promoted the county's inner soldiers, and evaluated the grades: upper, upper, upper, upper, middle, lower, lower nine, etc., and then reviewed by the state grand zhongzheng, reported to the Situ Government for approval of the product, and the result of the product was the basis for the selection of officials by the officials thereafter.
Although the standard of the people who are required to discuss the people is to pay equal attention to the family lineage, morality, and talent, once the scholar clan occupies a high position, there are many high-ranking sons of the sergeant clan in the middle of the country, and the selection criteria are especially important to the family lineage, and gradually deviate from the original intention of meritocracy.
Wuhu Chaohua, Yongjia Nandu, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty court were founded with the joint support of the southern and northern clans, forming a political pattern of "king and horse, common world", the shi clan and the Sima royal family co-ruled the dynasty, the door valve politics was popular, and the Nine Pin Zhongzheng system naturally became an important tool for maintaining the ruling position of the shi clan.
The county magistrate selects the scholars, based on the family lineage, and the children of the scholar clan can evaluate the high quality even if they are only knowledgeable, and the Hanmen Shu clan, even if they are no matter how talented they are, are not outstanding, and the highest product will not exceed the middle and lower products, that is, the six products. Therefore, there is often a paradoxical situation of "no cold door in the upper product, no soldier in the lower product".
The disciples of the scholar clan door valve set the product, the career started high, the imperial court conquest was often idle for the nobles, and the scholars and doctors could leisurely go down the forest and talk about elegant collections. And the children of the cold door can only be turbid officials, daily official affairs, case labor, and it is difficult to promote high positions.
There are few han disciples in the two Jin Dynasties who are high-ranking officials, but Tao Kan will be in the turbulent world at the turn of the two Jins, and he will make a piece of heaven and earth and become a protector of the country, which is almost an isolated case.
Under the door valve system, the Gaomen giants control the channels for the selection of national materials, ossify the political mechanism, the power of the Shijia Hao clan is monstrous, its closed manor economy occupies the mountain and encroaches on the land of the lower people, almost becoming a country within a country, the Jin room has no goods available, the national strength is declining, and it is even more difficult for the common people to have a place to stand.
In the third year of Jin Long'an (399), the wudou rice road chiefs Sun En and Lu Xun led a rebellion, and the people responded to Yuncong, although they failed, they dealt a heavy blow to the gate valve clan, and also provided an opportunity for the rise of Liu Yu, who was swallowed like a tiger later.
A few years later, Liu Yu came to power, and Liu Yu, who was born in poverty, was deeply aware of the shortcomings of society, and he practiced land breaks, suppressed the powerful, reused the cold door, opened the cold door to take the lead, and the door valve politics that suppressed the imperial power since the two Jin Dynasties went into decline.