In the "Records of History", Xiao He and Zhang Liang entered the family, but Han Xin was included in the legend, in the final analysis, because Han Xin's death was a crime of treason, and the three tribes were exterminated.
The principle of family and lineage inclusion
The entire book of "History" consists of twelve books, ten tables, eight books, thirty families, and seventy columns. The Twelve Books chronicle the rise and fall of various dynasties in the order of emperors and generations, the ten tables arrange the major events between the emperors and the kingdoms, and the eight books are special discussions on economy, culture, astronomy, calendar and other aspects.
The family is mainly the history of the aristocratic family, and the biography is a biography of different classes and different types of people.
Are there exceptions? Yes. Although Xiang Yu did not become emperor, he was the ruler of the world during the Qin and Han dynasties, and although Emperor Hui of Han served as a tianzi for several years, the actual words were that he was empress Lü, so both of them were included in the Benji. Confucius did not have a marquis, Chen Sheng established himself as king, and their historical status in Sima Qian's heart was comparable to that of the prince, so they were included in the family. It can be seen that on the basis of respecting historical facts, Sima Qian evaluated the characters as having a scale in their own hearts.
Liu Bang was sealed
When Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, he learned the lesson of the fall of the Qin Dynasty and still practiced sub-feudalism like the Western Zhou. Liu Bang divided up eight kings with different surnames: Zhang Ao as the King of Zhao, Yingbu as the King of Huainan, Zang Di as the King of Yan, Han Xinfeng as the King of Chu, Peng Yue as the King of Liang, the descendants of The King of Han Xiang as the King of Han, Yingbu's father-in-law Wu Rui as the King of Changsha, and Zang Di as the King of Yan after the rebellion. Nine kings with the same surname: Liu Fei (Fengqi Wang), second son Liu Ying (i.e., Emperor Xiaohui), third son Liu Ruyi (Fengzhao Wang), fourth son Liu Heng (i.e., Emperor Wen), fifth son Liu Hui (Fengliang Wang), sixth son Liu You (Feng Huaiyang Wang), seventh son Liu Chang (Feng Huainan Wang), eighth son Liu Jian (Feng Yan Wang), and Wu Wang Liu Tao.
Among them, among these princes, in addition to Han Xin, Peng Yue, Han Wangxin, and so on all entered the lineage, and they all eventually died because of conspiracy, so they did not enter the family. But how come no one wonders why they are in the lineage and not in the family? The reason is that Han Xin's merits are too great and his death is too unjust.
Han Chu Sanjie
Liu Bang once had a big banquet for his courtiers, and Gao Zu asked, "Why do I have the world?" What is the reason why Xiang Shi lost the world? The courtiers were talking. Gao Zu said: "The public knows the first, but the unknown two."
In the midst of the husband's planning and planning, the decisive victory is thousands of miles away, I am not as good as the sub-house; the town and the country, the care of the people, the feeding, the endless grain, I am not as good as Xiao He; even the army of a million, the battle will be won, the attack will be won, I am not as good as Han Xin. These three are all masters, I can use them, so I take the world.
Xiang Yu has a fan increase and cannot be used, which is thought to be my capture. Therefore, historians callEd Xiao He, Zhang Liang, and Han Xin "the Three Masters of the Early Han Dynasty".
Xiao He, a fellow of Liu Bang. He was kind to Liu Bang, so Liu Bang gave Xiao He two thousand households in return for the two hundred dollars that Xiao He had sent when he was going to serve in Xianyang. During the Chu-Han War, he stayed in Guanzhong, making Guanzhong a consolidated rear of the Han army, constantly sending soldiers and soldiers grain to support the battle, and in the early Han Dynasty, he assisted Liu Bang in eliminating Han Xin, Yingbu and other princes with different surnames. Gong Gao Zhen Lord, Liu Bang did not doubt him? Doubts, of course. Xiao He was very lucky, someone around him mentioned him, every time Liu Bang became suspicious of Xiao He, there were people who gave advice to Xiao He, Xiao He paid money, went out of people, and even deliberately made a bad reputation, and finally escaped one disaster after another.
Zhang Liang, the Master of the Emperor. Liu Bang's most respected person, Liu Bang, who loved to speak dirty words, always honored Zhang Liang as "Zifang", and when the Han Dynasty was established, Liu Bang wanted to give him the most fiefdoms. But Zhang Liang refused, as long as he "stayed" in this place, and "stay" was the place where Liu Bang Zhang Liang first met. Such a Zhang Liang, Liu Bang could not bear to kill.
Han Xin, a military genius, uses soldiers like gods. At first, Xiao He yue chased after Han Xin, so that Han Xin was reused by Liu Bang. In the last period of the Chu-Han War, Han Xin had the largest number of troops, and whoever he supported could claim the throne. Wu Shi persuaded Han Xin and Liu Bang Xiang Yu to divide the world, but Han Xin was unwilling to betray Liu Bang, and Xiang Yu was destroyed.
The so-called "rabbit dead dog cooking"," Liu Bang still regarded Han Xin as a big problem in his heart. When Han Xin was founded, he was made the King of Chu, and later demoted to the Marquis of Huaiyin because someone reported him for rebellion. It is obvious that the evidence of rebellion is insufficient, otherwise it will be killed directly, so why just demote. Later, Xiao He conspired with Lü Hou to trick Han Xin into killing Him while Liu Bang was not in the palace, and killed the three han xin clans. As the saying goes, Success and Xiao He defeated Xiao He, and a generation of heroes fell.
Mr. Li Changzhi once said that Sima Qian's deep praise is a kind of character who breaks through the law, is proud of all things, and encounters misfortune and produces tragic and dramatic results. The "Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin" hints in many places that Han Xin actually did not want to rebel, but the interests of the king and the subject have always been in conflict, and the king and the subject game, there is always a death. Although Sima Qian admired Han Xin, because of his identity as a rebel, he had to include him in the legend.