To say that the emperor who loved to write poetry in ancient China was none other than the Qianlong Emperor.
Qianlong wrote more than 43,000 poems in his lifetime, and the number of poems he wrote alone almost caught up with the Quan Tang Poems. According to Qianlong's 88 years of life, he wrote an average of 1.3 poems a day. It's not hard work.
However, the Qianlong Emperor, who was so diligent, did not leave a classic poem for posterity to sing.
On the other hand, another emperor poet wrote far less poems than Qianlong, or because one of the classic tragic autumn poems was constantly praised by later scholars, even Mr. Lu Xun gave a thumbs up. This poem is the "Autumn Wind Words" by Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty.
Autumn Wind Words
Ascending to the east of the xinghe, the ancestral land, Gu Shi Emperor Jing gladly, the middle stream and the group of courtiers drinking swallows, shang huan even, is his own "Autumn Wind Words" said:
The autumn wind rises and the white clouds fly, and the grass and trees fall yellow and the geese return to the south.
Lan Youxiu Has a Chrysanthemum, and Huai Jia Ren Xi cannot forget.
Pan-building boats Xi Jifen River, horizontal and middle stream Xi Yang Subo.
The drums are singing and singing, and there are many joys and sorrows.
When is it time to be young and strong, it is not easy to be old!
"Tragic Autumn Poetry" is a common phenomenon in classical poetry, and there are many well-written "Tragic Autumn Poems", and Liu Che's "Autumn Wind Words" is one of the excellent poems.
The poem has a preface that tells us that the poem was written when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty inspected Hedong.
According to the Book of Han and the Book of Emperor Wu, Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty went to Fenyin, Hedong (southwest of present-day Wanrong County, Shanxi Province) to sacrifice HouTu (land god) five times. Only once in the autumn, in October of the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (113 BC).
In this year, Liu Che was forty-four years old, and he had been on the throne for twenty-seven years. He attacked the Xiongnu by force and solved the northern border problems; adopted policies such as salt and iron monopoly and heavy agriculture and expensive millet to restore social productivity; he opened up the western region, pacified South Vietnam, and became famous in the world.
At this time, the Western Han Dynasty reached its peak in military, economic, political, and cultural terms.
On this tour, when the autumn wind was blowing, the hongyan returned to the south, and Emperor Wu of Han took a boat to cross the Fenhe River and drank and feasted.
As the son of the Great Han Dynasty, Liu Che has made meritorious achievements and enjoyed glory all his life, and like ordinary people, he cannot resist aging and death. After the feast, I wrote this article.
Let's take a closer look at this poem:
The autumn wind rises and the white clouds fly, and the grass and trees fall yellow and the geese return to the south.
Lan Youxiu Has a Chrysanthemum, and Huai Jia Ren Xi cannot forget.
Pan-building boats Xi Jifen River, horizontal and middle stream Xi Yang Subo.
The drums are singing and singing, and there are many joys and sorrows.
When is it time to be young and strong, it is not easy to be old!
Autumn winds blow and white clouds fly. The grass and trees withered yellow geese returned to the south. The beautiful ones are orchids, and the fragrance is chrysanthemums. Missing the beauty is unforgettable.
Riding a building boat on the Fenhe River, paddling the oars to raise white waves. Blowing the whistle and beating the drum, the joy is too much to mourn, the young days have passed early, and the aging is helpless.
The poem rises with scenery, follows the lively scene of the song and dance feast in the building ship, and finally ends with lamenting that music is extremely sad, life is easy to grow old, and the years pass.
The whole poem is used together, the scene is blended, the mood is beautiful, the rhyme is smooth, and it is suitable for singing, which is a rare good poem.
This poem has always been hailed as a masterpiece of "sad autumn" and is highly praised, so what is so good about this poem?
The language is clear and bright, and the mood is beautiful
Mr. Lu Xun commented on this poem in the "Outline of the History of Chinese Literature": "Lingering and flowing, although the lyricist cannot pass it."
Graceful and lingering, the flow is clear, even if it is the work of many poets in later generations, it is not as good as this poem.
Looking at this poem, it is true that as Mr. Lu Xun said, the language of this poem is clear and beautiful. The imagery quoted is also very beautiful.
Images such as white clouds, grass and trees, orchids, chrysanthemums, and beauties, when read, have a kind of beauty of depression and sporadicity.
And this poem is deeply influenced by the "Nine Songs", each sentence, there is a word, word by word, full of rhythmic beauty.
It is no wonder that the Ming Dynasty scholar Hu Yinglin said in "Shi Wei" that the beauty of imperial poetry was beyond the reach of his subordinates at that time.
Using the autumn wind as a metaphor for the sorrow of the world, it will affect future generations
Although the first sentence "The autumn wind rises and the white clouds fly, the grass and trees fall yellow and the geese return to the south" is copied from Liu Bang's "the wind rises and the clouds fly", it is different from Liu Bang's enthusiasm, and the other has a beautiful layer of sadness.
Liu Che's poem is very great for future generations, and many good sentences are derived from Liu Che's poem.
For example, Cao Pi's famous work "Yan Ge Xing" in "Autumn Wind Depression Weather Cool, Grass and Trees Shake Dew into Frost", and Tang Dynasty poet Su Yong [tǐng] 'Fenshang Frightening Autumn' also uses the poetry of "Autumn Wind Words", Shiyun:
The north wind blows white clouds, and miles cross the river.
The mood is shaking, and the autumn sound is inaudible.
It can be seen that this "Autumn Wind Ci" has also given countless inspirations to later generations, and it is no wonder that many poets have praised it.
"Autumn Wind Words" rises with the autumn wind, narrates the shortness of life, laments that time is fleeting, life is easy to grow old, and The hidden lady thinks of a song title, which is just suitable for the mood of this poem, that is, "Borrow Five Hundred Years from Heaven".
Even as the supreme monarch, he still cannot stop the passage of time, and can only lament the brevity of life in poetry, and this is where the fairness of time lies, and it is the charm of time!