The author | rice
The editor | a fake leave
On January 7, 2020, Musk appeared at the delivery ceremony of the first batch of owners of tesla's Shanghai gigafactory domestic Model 3, before delivering the project, Musk also came to an impromptu striptease on the stage, although the posture was slightly funny and clumsy, but it was difficult to hide his joy and excitement.
Indeed, before the Shanghai factory was put into operation, Musk and Tesla had a long period of hard production capacity.
In a somewhat distant 2017, Tester's weekly production capacity was only 2,000 units, while the expected weekly production capacity was 5,000 units. Today, Tesla's Shanghai factory production has stabilized at 50,000 units for several consecutive months, an average of 12,500 vehicles per week. The pain of Tesla's production capacity has eased.
Tesla Shanghai factory, domestic Model 3 mass production, Model Y put into production, Tesla stock price soared, 2 years up 11.7 times, such good news is enough to make Musk, who has always been known as "Iron Man", choked up many times at the press conference, said that without the strong support of the Chinese government and consumers for Tesla, there would be no Tesla today.
In 2018, the year of signing, the year of obtaining land, the year of obtaining construction permits, in 2019, the year of construction, the year of production, the year of delivery... The two "three years" speed of the Shanghai factory shocked Musk.
But China's cities, the surprises that Bring Musk, do not stop there.
At the end of 2019, the localization rate of parts in Tesla's Shanghai factory was 30%, and the enterprises that could be shortlisted in the Tesla industry chain were only a few subdivision industry leaders such as Pilot Intelligence, Xusheng, and Lianchuang Electronics.
A year later, the localization rate of Tesla's Shanghai factory was 90%, of which there were giants in China's automotive supply chain such as Ningde Times and Fuyao Glass, and there was no shortage of traditional consumer electronics industry chain giants such as Lens Technology, Changying Precision, and Xinwei Communications.
So far, there are 186 listed companies in China that are publicly available for direct and indirect supply of Tesla.
Among them, the Yangtze River Delta, which is composed of Shanghai, Suzhou, Ningbo, Wuxi and other manufacturing cities, occupies the number of Tesla suppliers with more than 85.
Among them, at least 50% of the enterprises have a common feature - most of their factories are located within the 500-kilometer "circle of friends" of Tesla's Lingang factory.
The Pearl River Delta, composed of Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Dongguan and Huizhou, also accounts for 32 companies.
So why did Shanghai become Tesla's home base?
From 30% to 90%, which cities have supported Tesla's 90% localization rate?
How does the Yangtze River Delta take advantage of the free mail zone and successfully earn tesla the most money? And the Pearl River Delta, how to hug the thighs of today's Tesla from the apple industry chain gathering place ten years ago?
The answers to these questions are hidden in the Chinese urban industrial belt behind Tesla.
01
Ala Shanghai: domestic base camp, C position responsible
In 2018, for Tesla, there were many disasters and difficulties in the past, and then Shanghai held hands.
Counting Tesla's 2018: January delivery was postponed for the second time; in April Musk slept in the factory, was exposed to uncontrollable emotions of wanton abuse, fired employees, and smoked marijuana in front of the TV camera, and even Tweeted on April Fool's Day, joking that "Tesla will file for bankruptcy." And, a total of 36 executives left within two years.
On May 10, 2018, Tesla (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. was established in China, and many people have a bad premonition, should Shanghai introduce Tesla's dying catfish into China?
Capacity dilemmas, delayed deliveries, managers "letting themselves go", brain drain...
Such a company, once introduced into China, will not only be uncontrollable, but will also bring immeasurable threats to Chinese new energy vehicle companies in the growth period.
But soon, this hunch became a reality. Following the settlement in May, Tesla signed an investment agreement for electric vehicles in July, announced the acquisition of land in Lingang in October, completed the land leveling in December, and officially started construction in January of the following year.
At the same time that Musk joked about "Tesla bankruptcy", he spoke slowly and slowly, with a little laziness in Ala Shanghai, once he started to build infrastructure, he showed first-class boldness and strong manufacturing heritage.
Shanghai municipal leaders stand for Tesla, Chinese banks provide nearly 20 billion yuan in bank loans to Tesla on the verge of bankruptcy, and countless unknown Chinese workers participate in the construction.
By the afternoon of January 7, 2020, the first anniversary of Tesla's Shanghai factory breaking ground, Musk came to the scene, and people were surprised to find that this super factory actually completed the Chinese speed of "starting in the same year, delivering in the same year, and putting into production in the same year". At this time, Tesla's Shanghai Gigafactory had produced nearly 1,000 vehicles available for sale and had begun to be delivered; it had also reached a production rate of more than 3,000 vehicles per week.
Shanghai Tesla single-unit plant
According to the latest news, Tesla's total car delivery volume in 2021 may be close to the 1 million mark, of which the Shanghai factory is expected to contribute to the annual production target of 550,000 vehicles.
That is to say, the Shanghai Gigafactory, which has been operating for less than two years, has surpassed the Fremont factory in the United States, becoming Tesla's main export hub and one of the world's largest production bases.
Of course, in addition to the strong infrastructure capacity, there are actually deeper reasons.
One of the reasons is Shanghai's own developed manufacturing industry. The number of listed companies of Tesla Concept in Shanghai, Tesla's domestic base, is as many as 17.
Among them, Baosteel, as the world's first crude steel production and profitability level of steel aircraft carriers, has become the first choice for new energy vehicle drive motor materials at home and abroad, with a global market share of 30% and a domestic market share of up to 60%;
HUAYU Auto is China's leading auto parts, mainly engaged in automotive interior and exterior trim, functional parts, electronic and electrical devices, thermal processing parts, new energy parts, etc., 90% of the annual sales of 150 billion from internal and external trim and functional parts, and Huayu Auto is the supplier of the largest share of these parts to Tesla in China;
Huafon Aluminum is the country's first, the world's second leading aluminum heat transmission materials, its main business aluminum heat transmission materials for the subdivision of aluminum calendering materials, mainly used in the automotive market, the market is good, Huafon Aluminum last year's revenue exceeded 4 billion, is a well-deserved "specialized special new" small giant.
To put it simply, Tesla suppliers in Shanghai are either rich or expensive in their respective fields, and they are among the top companies at home and abroad.
Of course, in addition to Shanghai's own developed manufacturing industry, Tesla's Chinese speed also hides another four-hour little secret of the Yangtze River Delta.
02
Yangtze River Delta: Free mail zone, strong manufacturing industry to achieve zero inventory myth
Wang Sicong looked for Sun Yining and drove from Shanghai to Hangzhou, which took three hours. Tesla's zero-inventory "circle of friends" is only one hour more than Wang Sicong.
Taking stock of the Tesla industry chain in the entire Yangtze River Delta, including Shanghai, it can be found that a total of 105 listed companies directly or indirectly provide services for Tesla, accounting for 56% of the number of listed companies in the domestic Tesla industry chain.
These 105 listed companies, closely around Shanghai, Suzhou, Ningbo, Nantong, Wuxi, Shaoxing, Taizhou, Nanjing, Changzhou and other Yangtze River Delta cities, formed Tesla's four-hour - 200 km circle of friends.
So why four hours? If you've ever seen a Tesla factory, you'll understand.
Tesla factories follow the concept of zero inventory, where zero inventory refers to the absence of a "material preparation area", and parts are produced when they are pulled.
With the assistance of 80+ logistics doors at the Shanghai Tesla Gigafactory, the truck unloads the goods directly at the corresponding door, and the forklift delivers the parts directly to the adjacent production line, and the distance between them is only 10 meters. At the same time, the next door is another process, which is also the norm for Tesla's Shanghai factory.
The Tesla factory in Shanghai has more than 80 logistics doors
Under the improvement of efficiency limits, Auto lab statistics, "Tesla Shanghai Gigafactory covers an area of 860,000 square meters, with an annual production capacity of 500,000 vehicles, and the production capacity occupation ratio reaches 0.58 vehicles per square meter." "In the same order of magnitude, chery, Jaguar, Land Rover and SAIC-GM Cadillac Jinqiao plant have a production capacity ratio of 0.24 and 0.21 vehicles, which is almost 1/3 of Tesla's."
Relying on zero inventory, Tesla is not only one flat but also stronger than two flat. Not only does it save time and efficiency without unloading, but it also saves even warehouse costs.
This requires a supply chain system that is close enough to respond to production plans at any time. 4 hours, 200 kilometers, convenient for Tesla to deploy at any time and parts companies to respond efficiently.
Tesla's Shanghai factory has a privileged location
You know, unlike the production of mobile phone parts in Shenzhen, assembly in Zhengzhou, and train transportation, auto parts are large in size and high in weight, and the transportation costs of one after another can eat up the company's no small profits, so it can be said that small distances produce large benefits.
More importantly, it is precisely because of this that auto parts companies usually form industrial clusters around vehicle assembly plants.
Of course, the Tesla industrial chain supporting enterprises that won the most in the Yangtze River Delta are close enough to Shanghai, but the first reason is that the developed manufacturing base is fundamental.
Suzhou and Ningbo are Tesla's two favorite super-manufacturing cities.
Let's start with Suzhou.
Although Shanghai is the base camp of 17 Tesla concept listed companies, from the data point of view, the favorite of Tesla's supply chain is actually suzhou, which is also located in the Yangtze River Delta, and the subway can reach Shanghai. In the Tesla industry chain, a total of 21 listed companies are located in Suzhou.
Among them, Dongshan Precision is the world's top five, the first printed circuit board enterprises in China, the company's business covers consumer electronics, communications, industry, automotive and other industries, customers cover Apple, OV, Tesla and other well-known customers at home and abroad;
Anjie Technology from Apple, OPPO, vivo and other first-line big-name mobile phone electronic components supply, the business scope from smart phones, computers (Microsoft) extended to new energy vehicles and other manufacturers of precision functional device services, with the company's strength and Suzhou's superior geographical location, even in the epidemic raging in 2020, Anjie Technology still achieved 47.5% of overseas revenue;
Sai Teng shares as one of the domestic intelligent manufacturing industry leader, the company's products mainly involve consumer electronics, new energy vehicles, semiconductors and lithium batteries and other business areas, consumer electronics, Apple support revenue of more than 50%, automotive new energy, and Nidec, Murata new energy, etc. to achieve long-term stable cooperation, in the semiconductor field, with Samsung, Zhonghuan Semiconductor and other high-quality customers;
……
Behind the gathering of manufacturing leaders, it directly reflects the strength of the "champion" of Jiangsu Province's manufacturing industry.
Jiangsu manufacturing leading enterprise Hengli Group
According to the data of CCID Consultants' "Top 100 Cities in Advanced Manufacturing Industry (2021)", from the distribution of the top 100 manufacturing cities, Jiangsu, Shandong and Guangdong have won more than 1/3 of the top 100 cities in the country's advanced manufacturing industry, of which Jiangsu and Shandong have the most cities on the list, all of which are 13, but Jiangsu is the only province on the list in the province.
As the strongest prefecture-level city in the universe, Suzhou talks about why its manufacturing industry is so developed, which is probably inseparable from the external benefits brought by geographical location and the efforts of Suzhou people themselves.
Suzhou as the center of gravity of the Yangtze River Delta, convenient transportation, location advantages are very obvious, not to mention the advantages of international trade transportation, just by virtue of the close distance with Shanghai, there is an inexhaustible "dividend".
Suzhou location advantage
In the 1990s, Suzhou seized the opportunity of "Shanghai" and "foreign investment", on the one hand, directly undertook shanghai transfer out of the enterprise; on the other hand, with the location of Shanghai's economic hinterland, it got many policy dividends, such as in 1994, Suzhou got the extremely important "Sino-Singapore Industrial Park Project" (now Suzhou Industrial Park), followed by South Korea's Samsung, the United States BD, Singapore's Comfort High-known enterprises.
The direct entry of well-known foreign enterprises, the climax of the construction of Sino-foreign joint ventures, and the gradual activation of new innovative enterprises... Suzhou is full of manufacturing power.
Especially in 2001, after China's accession to the WTO, Suzhou took advantage of globalization to undertake a large number of labor-intensive enterprises in developed countries, and in the decade since then, the annual economic growth rate of Suzhou Industrial Park has reached 45%. Suzhou's manufacturing industry can also be described as a soaring skyrocket.
Suzhou, where the innate advantages are fully displayed, the acquired efforts are also amazing enough. Taking Suzhou officials as an example, there is such a passage that "Suzhou has two local specialties, one is silk and the other is cadres." ”
Since the 1980s, Suzhou cadres have shown extraordinary "boldness": the mayor dared to wash the feet of foreign businessmen; cadres squatted at Shanghai airports and hotels to "rob" foreign businessmen to go to Suzhou to investigate; set up investment offices around the world, and attracted investment to the door of enterprises...
The first foreign-funded enterprise introduced by Kunshan "Industrial Zone" - Japan Suwangyou Glove Co., Ltd., is also the first foreign-funded enterprise in Jiangsu
Under the multiple factors such as geographical advantages, foreign investment activation, and the desperate efforts of officials, Suzhou has become China's first industrial city. Apple's global suppliers gather here, and Tesla will naturally not be absent.
In addition, Tesla's favorite city is Ningbo, where a total of 16 listed companies provide services to Tesla, second only to Suzhou, and the base camp Shanghai:
In addition to the former clothing tycoon turned into a lithium battery material supplier Shanshan shares, the type of industrial chain, Ningbo basically covers Tesla's die-casting chassis system, as well as spare parts.
For example, the two faucets of Tuopu and Xusheng respectively cover the subframe and control arm of Tesla's chassis, as well as the battery cover and motor transmission shell.
From the hand-made die-casting mold in the 1960s to the release of 9,000 tons of die-casting units today, while the die-casting technology has soared, Ningbo, which has top die-casting enterprises such as Xusheng Shares, Lijin Technology, and Echocordy, currently accounts for 40% + of the province and 10% of the country, becoming a well-deserved "hometown of China's die-casting".
Model Y rear baseplate application integrated die casting process
With the general trend of automobile lightweighting, aluminum die-casting technology, replacing traditional steel, has become the material favorite of electric vehicles, and Ningbo has become Tesla's third largest supplier concentration.
Within 200 kilometers of the Yangtze River Delta, it is a Tesla model, and two hundred kilometers away, there are also many excellent Tesla supporting enterprises.
03
Pearl River Delta: Apple's "little daughters-in-law" have become Tesla segmentation experts
It's no secret that Tesla likes to dig holes out of Apple.
For example, in 2015, after 7 years at Apple, Doug Field, vice president of the MAC hardware engineering department that led the development of products such as MacBook Air, MacBook Pro and iMac, joined Tesla as vice president of automotive projects, and he said that he had never considered leaving Apple before meeting Tesla;
In 2016, with dozens of processor-related patents, Peter Banon, who led apple processor development, joined Tesla, and Banon was just one of the executives Thatst poached from Apple during the same period.
Not only talent, supply chain, Tesla also likes to share the supply chain with Apple. For example, of only 32 Tesla supply chains in the Pearl River Delta, 7 are closely related to Apple:
Xinwei Communications, Changying Precision, Shenghong Technology, Haimuxing, Derun Electronics, Darui Electronics, Bojie Shares
Among them, Xinwei Communications, as the world's leading supplier of mobile terminal antennas, produces antennas used in mobile phones, computers, wearable devices, automobiles, industrial and other terminals, and has been supplying Apple since it entered the Apple industry chain in 2013, and has also set a record of 35% of Apple's revenue in 2017.
Xinwei Communications, which is backed by Apple, said some time ago that it is engaged in business and project contacts with more than a dozen automobile manufacturers such as Tesla and Toyota to provide on-board connectors and cables for automotive customers.
Changying Precision entered the MacBook metal case supply chain for the first time this year, becoming Apple's fifth metal case supplier. As early as 2017, Changying Precision began to cooperate with Tesla for the first time, and gradually became an important supplier of Tesla's new energy vehicle components, occupying a core supply share in some high-precision products.
Haimuxing, which once provided Apple with high-speed precision ultraviolet laser cutting machines and standardized automatic production lines, has changed, disclosing in the prospectus that the company signed orders with Tesla as early as "December 2019 totaled 77.8551 million yuan, and the equipment sold will be exported to the United States."
Supply chain sharing, Tesla, Apple family pro this phenomenon, is not just an isolated case in the Pearl River Delta.
For example, The Apple industry chain company in Suzhou has defected to Tesla: Sai Teng Shares, Victory Precision, Anjie Technology, Huaxing Yuanchuang, Fuliwang, Jinfu Technology, and Dongshan Precision
Among the 186 Tesla concept companies that are publicly available in China, about 30 also belong to the Apple concept:
Yunhai Metal, Dongmu Shares, Shanshan Shares, Sai Teng Shares, *ST Stars, Ningbo Yunsheng, Shengli Precision, Hengdian Dongci, *ST Liyuan, Dangsheng Technology, Derun Electronics, Darui Electronics, Bojie Shares, Haimuxing, Anjie Technology, Jingyan Technology, Huaxing Yuanchuang, Lansi Technology, Fuliwang, Aerospace Rainbow, Huagong Technology, Xinwei Communications, Changying Precision, Dafu Technology, Shenghong Technology, Jinfu Technology, Songjing Shares, Dongshan Precision, Changxin Technology
One of the most representative is actually a giant called the Ningde era. Ningde's predecessor ATL was Apple's supplier, and in the 7th year of becoming an Apple supplier, ATL's family seized the rise of new energy vehicles and stripped the automotive power department, and the Ningde era was born with the trend.
Born from ATL, experienced the Ningde era of Apple's supply chain management level, stood at a high starting point for power battery production, started from BMW, and gradually mastered new energy vehicles such as Xiaopeng, Ideal, and Tesla.
Catalonia times under the company plant
Xinwei Communication, Changying Precision, Ningde era, Apple concept to Tesla concept behind the change of the direction of innovation of the times, as well as the trend of automotive electronics.
Apple industry chain has matured for many years, in the process, Apple continues to iteratively upgrade, but the price is not much to improve behind, the profits of the supply chain are getting thinner and thinner, if the company wants to grow, can not only be willing to be Apple's little brother, the big brother recognizes more is the last word. And Tesla is still in the growth period, and the supply chain is still good in terms of profits.
Guangdong Hongtu, as a first-tier supplier of Tesla, mainly supplies bracket products, since joining the Tesla supply chain in November 2014, the revenue in 2020 has increased to 5.596 billion, an increase of 152.6%;
Aluminum alloy auto parts company Xusheng entered Tesla's supply chain in 2013, and between 2014 and 2019, Tesla's contribution to its automotive business revenue accounted for the highest 94.8%... At the same time as revenue is rich, the Tesla concept of the stock market is active, and frequent rises and stops are no longer unusual.
In addition, the electronicization of the car also gives these former Apple industry chain companies the opportunity to enter Tesla.
Taking Lens Technology as an example, as the leader of Apple's suppliers, Lens Technology has begun to deeply lay out the new energy market since 2016 with its own technology in the field of consumer electronics protective glass, and has now become a global core supplier of Tesla...
04
Epilogue: Who makes the most money on Tesla?
If we add up the sum of the market capitalizations of Tesla's supply chain companies scattered around the world, we will find that this is an astronomical figure of 5822.6 billion.
Among them, the sum of the market value of Tesla concept stocks in the Yangtze River Delta is 1,516.2 billion yuan,
The sum of the market capitalization of Tesla concept stocks in the Pearl River Delta is 261.4 billion yuan,
Even in Shanghai alone, the sum of the market capitalizations of Tesla-related companies is as high as 458.5 billion.
Of course, among them, most of the core roles of enterprises are not Tesla suppliers, and the products and services provided for Tesla are only a small part of their market value of 100 billion.
But it is undeniable that the emergence of Tesla and electric vehicles has made us re-understand these once unknown manufacturing giants, and also allowed the Chinese automobile industry, which was once backward in fuel vehicles, to have a chance to turn around in the era of electric vehicles.
For Tesla, if Tesla chooses the mission entrusted by the era of electric vehicles, it is the first step to its success.
so
Choose Shanghai as the base camp of intelligent manufacturing,
Choose the Yangtze River Delta to create zero inventory production,
Choose the Pearl River Delta to create a new era of electric vehicles,
And choosing countless excellent enterprises like Ningde Times, Fuyao Glass, Ganfeng Lithium, Lianchuang Electronics and other countless excellent enterprises scattered all over the land of China as support is the second step of Tesla's success.
Behind this, it is not difficult to see that there may be many secrets of success for a company. But there are two things that are always fundamental to success:
Heavy warehouse in this era, heavy warehouse In China.