During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it should be said that the land is vast, the Qin State is not as good as the Chu State, the Chu State has a territory of two thousand miles, and has a rich Jiangnan fish and rice town. In terms of the prosperity of the country, the State of Qin is not as good as the State of Qi, the State of Qi occupies the key lands of the Central Plains, has prospered in all directions, and boiled the sea for the salt country to be rich and the people are strong.
And the State of Qin? Not only was the founding much later than other countries, but it was also located on the high slopes of the loess soil and the land was barren. In the northwest, qiangrong and yiqu harassed, and in the east there was a strong Wei state blocking. However, it was such a despised country that it finally annexed the six countries and completed the unification of the world.
I think there are a few key factors here that are the magic weapon for his success.
First, rely on the unremitting implementation of the system
Since Duke Xiao of Qin adopted the Shang Martingale Transformation Law, he abolished the hereditary system of princes and nobles, promulgated a knighthood system based on military merits, abolished wells and reclaimed wasteland, pushed counties and counties to centralize kingship, and strictly enforced laws and regulations. As a result, the economic strength and military combat effectiveness of the Qin state have been greatly enhanced.
When it came to King Huiwen of Qin, Shang Martin was divided into five horses for offending too many powerful people. However, the wise King Huiwen of Qin only killed Shang Martingale, not abolished the policies formulated by Shang Martingale. Continuing to implement the original system, the Qin state avoided an internal toss, and Shang Martin's death only killed him alone, and there was no impact on the entire Qin state.
Including the later Qin Zhaoxiang King, Qin Wu Wang, Qin Xiaowen Wang, and even Qin Shi Huang, this system was not completely denied. The implementation of a policy has been effective for a long time.
Compared with the changes of other countries, such as the Li Wu change law of the Wei state, the Wu Qi change law of the Chu state, and the Shen Bu harm change law of Korea, it was basically all overthrown after the death of the monarch. Subsequent successors to the throne have no need to persist.
Second, there was no error in the choice of heir to the throne
Before Qin Xiangong died, he did not pass on the throne to the eldest son Who could fight a good war, but to the witty and courageous Yingqu, and only then did he usher in the Shang Martingale Transformation Method.
Similarly, Duke Xiao of Qin chose the calm and wise Yingsi among his three sons, although King Huiwen of Qin passed on to the good King of Wu, Win Dang, who was more fortunate to have a good career, king Wu died early, and achieved a generation of King Zhaoxiang of Qin.
The succession of the throne in the later generations has basically not occurred in major deviations, and they have led the Qin state step by step to become strong, and there has never been a dimwitted and absurd king. This is also the basic guarantee for the Qin state to maintain long-term hegemony.
Other countries, on the other hand, are prone to fratricide, either fraternal or usurp the throne, or even usurp the throne by killing their fathers, which at once drags the country into the abyss.
Third, the use of talents in an eclectic manner
Starting from Shang Martin, the main advisers of the Qin State were not natives, and Shang Martingale was a Wei guo, who came to the Qin State because they could not be reused in other countries. Zhang Yi and Fan Ju were both from the State of Wei, and Lü Buwei was also a Wei national, all of whom had the great talents of an anbang and dingguo, but they were not discovered in their home country, and finally they all served the qin state.
The reason why these people can be used by the Qin state and play an important role has a great relationship with the basic system and the king mentioned above. If there is no eclectic meritocratic employment system, and there is no good reward and reward mechanism, these people cannot be crowned princes and worships if they rely on their background.
Moreover, if the kings of the Qin Kingdom did not have the ability to discern pearls with their eyes, they would not be able to discover their talents. Of course, Qin Shi Huang also fainted and ordered the expulsion of foreign guests. Fortunately, One of Li Si's "Book of Expulsion" made him restrain him from the cliff in time.
Fourth, the advantages of geographical environment
The State of Qin was located in the west, and there was no threat from a powerful state behind it, although there were RongYi and Yiqu harassment, but these were nomadic tribes after all, and the harm to the country was not too great. At most, they were robbed of some property, and they did not have the heart or the strength to annex the Qin state.
Due to the harassment of these tribes, the army of the Qin state was in a state of combat readiness for many years, which in turn enhanced the combat ability of the Qin army. After several decades of peace among the nations, once the war was launched, other countries could not adapt at once, but the Qin army never slackened, and the fight was naturally slightly better.
At the same time, the border area between the State of Qin and the great powers of the Central Plains was not much, mainly the State of Wei in the east, and the State of Chu in the south, but the State of Qin and the State of Wei had the barrier of Wuguan and Tongguan, and the State of Chu had the protection of qinling. When you don't want to fight for hegemony, you can shrink inside and concentrate on developing national strength, and let the countries of the Central Plains fight each other, as long as you lock the door, you can be at peace.
Once you want to go out, you can go out of Tongguan in the east to meet the State of Wei, and go south to Qinling to invade and occupy the State of Chu. Attacking the city from a commanding height can be like a bamboo.
Although the victory of the Qin state has other comprehensive factors in all aspects, but the Qin state can maintain a very strong combat effectiveness in the process of competing for hegemony among the nations, the above points are very critical, if there is no support for these major factors, it may also be like other countries, can only dominate for a while, and in the blink of an eye it will decline.
It can be seen that if a country wants to achieve long-term development and continuous strength, a solid political system is a prerequisite, strong leadership is an important factor, and the necessary conditions for extensive exploration of talents are coupled with the advantages of a good external environment and geographical location. Once these days, places, people and people are gathered, then the country's prosperity and people's strength are just around the corner.