Cheng Boxiu's father
The surname "Sima" comes from an official position.
This official position was established in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Sima was called "Three Divisions" together with Situ and Sikong.
What does "Sima Mean"? Sima is the official in charge of horses, that is, the official in charge of the national army, which is a very important military position.
The surname Sima was first derived from the surname Cheng.
During the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, King Cheng (Cheng Bo) entered the dynasty as Sima and assisted the royal family to ping Xu Fang, making great contributions, and was given the surname Sima by King Xuan of Zhou.
Later, the descendants of The eldest son of Hugh's father, Zhonggeng, were called Sima Shi, and the clans of the second son, Zhongxin, were still called Cheng.
As a result, Father Hugh became the common ancestor of the Sima and Cheng clans.
The surname Sima yi also originated from the Surname Chen and the surname Tian, and came from sima rang tho during the Spring and Autumn period.
Sima Rang Tho was originally surnamed Tian (田), and his name was Hoang Tho (穰苴).
The ancestor of the Tian family was named Chen Quan, and he was the son of Chen Ligong. During the reign of Duke Huan of Qi, civil unrest broke out in the State of Chen, and Chen Quan ran to the State of Qi to avoid disasters and changed his surname to Tian Shi, and later the descendants of the Tian clan became greater in the State of Qi, and finally destroyed the State of Qi with the surname of Jiang and established the State of Qi.
Tian Hoang Tho was a great military figure, during the Qi Jinggong period, he led the Qi army to repel the invasion of Jin and Yan, and was awarded the title of Grand Sima for his merits, and his descendants were also known as Sima Shi in later generations.
The surname Sima yi also originated from the surname Of Qi, from the Spring and Autumn Period of the Chu State Of Sima Zi rebellion.
Zi Wei (子反), courtesy name Xiong Bian (熊侧), was the Shangqing of the State of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period, and his official was Sima Da, who was in charge of the Chu army.
Among the descendants of Sima Ziqi, they are mostly called Sima Shi.
The surname Sima Yi also originated from the surname Ji, from sima Hanjue of the Jin dynasty during the Spring and Autumn period.
Han 厥, surnamed Ji, was the fifth generation leader of the Han family in the Jin Dynasty during the Spring and Autumn Period.
Han Yu lost his father at an early age, was raised by Zhao Dun, the shangqing of the Jin Dynasty, and was later recommended by Zhao Dun as the Grand Sima of the Jin Army, and when he came to the Jin Dynasty, he was promoted to the ruler of the Jin State, thus becoming the ancestor of Korea during the Warring States period.
Later, many of Han's descendants were called Sima Shi.
The surname Sima yi also derives from the surname of the son, from the Spring and Autumn Period of the Song Dynasty Sima Kong's father Jia.
Kong Fujia was a nobleman of the Song Dynasty, the eighth grandson of Wei Zhong, the younger brother of Wei Ziqi, the ancestor of the Song Dynasty, and the sixth ancestor of Confucius, and the official was Sima Da.
During the reign of Duke Gong of Song, Father Kong was appointed as the Grand Sima and was in charge of the Song Dynasty's soldiers and horses.
When the Song Dynasty Dazai Hua saw Kong Father Jia's wife "beautiful and beautiful", he tried to kill him, and then killed the Song Duke, and Kong Father Jia's family was scattered among the various princely states.
One of them fled to the country of Lu and gave birth to Confucius. Among the descendants of Kong Father Jia, many of them took the title of ancestor official as a surname, called Sima Shi.
Sima Yi's surname also originates from those who changed their surname for reasons, and will not be discussed here.
Because Cheng Boxiu's father was the most famous, most of the Later Sima clans regarded him as their ancestor.
Sima Hoang Tho
Later, the more famous Sima clans were Sima Que and Sima Jie.
Sima Que was a famous general of the Qin state in the middle and late Warring States period.
He led an army to destroy the Shu state, and then led an army to attack Wei, capturing the sixty-one cities of the State of Wei, and later led an army to cut down Chu and capture Qianzhong County, a Chu state. It is said that Sima Cuo retired after his fame and settled in Shu County in his later years.
Sima Wei was a figure of the Qin and Han dynasties, and was one of the Eighteen Princes of Yin who was created by Xiang Yu.
He was the ancestor of the Sima clan of Hanoi, and most of his descendants lived in Wen County, Hanoi.
Because Sima Que and Sima Wei were more prominent, the people of the Sima family in later generations would regard these two as ancestors.
Sima Guo and Sima Wei
Sima Xiangru was born in 179 BC, he was the founder of Han Fu, known as "Fu Sheng" and "Ci Zong". Of course, he is more famous for the story about him and Zhuo Wenjuan.
Sima Xiangru's ancestor is not clearly recorded in the "Records of History", only that he was born in Chengdu, Shu County, so it is most likely that he is a descendant of Sima Wrong.
Speaking of Sima Qian, he was a member of the Sima clan of Xiayang Zhichuan (located in present-day Hancheng, Shaanxi), born about 145 BC, 34 years younger than Sima Xiangru.
He recorded in the "Records of History" that he was the eighth grandson of Sima Guo, and the sixth ancestor was Sima Jin, a general of Bai Qi, who participated in the Battle of Changping, and was later killed by the King of Qin along with Bai Qi.
It can be inferred from this that Sima Xiangru and Sima Qian are closely related by blood, and it is possible that they are both descendants of Sima Zuo.
However, some people speculate that Sima Qian's ancestors were actually the traitors of the Zhongshan State, that is, Sima Xi, the scourge of the Fallen State of Zhongshan.
Sima Qian
Sima Yi, the founder of the Jin Dynasty, was a member of the Sima clan of Wen County, Hanoi (in present-day Wen County, Henan), born in 179, 324 years younger than Sima Qian.
In the Book of Jin and the Chronicle of Emperor Xuan, it is recorded that Sima Yi was the twelfth grandson of Sima Wei.
Zhuge Liang's teacher Sima Hui was a hermit in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, proficient in Qimen, martial arts, and classics, and was known as "Mr. Water Mirror".
He was elegant, knowledgeable, and knowledgeable, and recommended Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong, and others to Liu Bei.
What is the relationship between Sima Hui and Sima Yi?
After the Sima family took power over Cao Wei, they gave relatively preferential treatment to the Yingchuan Commandery and Jingzhou Keju scholars to which Sima Hui belonged. According to some historical records, Sima Yi even maintained private correspondence with Zhuge Liang for a long time, and many of the topics of their correspondence were related to Sima Hui.
Sima Hui was a native of Yang Zhai, Yingchuan, while Sima Yi was a native of Wen County, Hanoi County. The two were only more than 100 kilometers apart, and Sima Yi's grandfather Sima Juan served as the Taishou of Yingchuan for many years during the Eastern Han Dynasty.
According to the habit of gathering scholars at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the two should most likely be the same ancestor.
Mr. Water Mirror Sima Hui
Sima Guang wrote the Zizhi Tongjian, born in 1019, 840 years younger than Sima Yi.
According to Sima Guang's father, Sima Chi, he was a descendant of Sima Fu.
Who is Sima Fu? Sima Yi's third brother.
Sima Fu did not participate in the Sima family's campaign to seize the throne of Cao Wei, and after his nephew Sima Zhao sent someone to kill the Wei emperor Cao Fu, he also wept over his corpse.
Later, his nephew Sima Yan established the Jin Dynasty, but he gradually faded out, did not participate in political affairs, and still regarded himself as a Wei chen.
Perhaps Sima Guang was actually a descendant of Sima Yi, but the Sima Guang family did not despise Sima Yi and others in usurping the throne, so they changed to Sima Fu as their ancestor.
To sum up, perhaps Sima Xiangru and Sima Qian should be after Sima Wei, and Sima Hui, Sima Yi, and Sima Guang should be after Sima Wei.
However, it is interesting that whether it is the descendants of Sima Guo or the descendants of Sima Wei, they all recognize Cheng Boxiu's father as their ancestor.
It is said that the current population of Sima is only 28,000 people, which is one of the surnames with the fewest Chinese. Sima Shi was once a royal family, why did the future generations decline so much?
Mainly because sima shi first seized the throne by conspiracy, and the Jin dynasty established later brought a 300-year-long dark division to China.
Therefore, the evaluation of Sima Shi in later generations is very low, and there are many people who change their surnames for this reason.
Sima Guang